Transcript Seafloor Mapping and GIS for the FBNMS

GIS Benthic Terrain
Workshop
Dawn Wright and Emily Larkin
Davey Jones Locker Lab
Department of Geosciences
Oregon State University, USA
Schedule - Day 1, Mon
• 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - Intro
• 9:30-10:00 – Break - Technical Setup
• 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1:
Exploring the Reefs
– all modules include intro lecture, then
hands-on work
• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch
• 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – Seafloor mapping
techniques and GIS analysis
• 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2:
Benthic Classifications
Schedule - Day 2, Tues
• 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3:
Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data
(including hypothetical MPA)
• 10:30-11:00 – Dawn – Benthic Terrain
Modeler (BTM) tool
• 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa
Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS
Bibliographic Tool
• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch
• 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion
period
Tuesday, 2:30
• American Samoa GIS User Group
Meeting
• DOC Conference Room, Pago Pago
GIS: A Spatial Context
Integrating Many Parts to See the Whole
Shoreline
Bathymetry
Sediments
Kelp
Conservation Value
Resilience?
Fisheries
Non-consumptive
Recreational Activities
Options/Decisions
Graphics courtesy of Joe Breman, ESRI and NOAA Biogeography Program
Spatial Reasoning
Deciding
Measuring
Planning
Thinking
Analyzing
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
Science
From Spatial Reasoning to
Policy & Management
Halpin, AAAS, 2004
From Wright and Halpin, in press, 2004, Spatial reasoning for terra incognita: Grand challenges and progress of
marine GIS, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation,
and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
GIS: A Spatial Context
Seeing the Whole to Manage Places
Seeing the Whole
•
•
•
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
Patterns
Linkages
Trends
Managing Places
•
•
•
•
Estuaries
Fisheries
Marine Protected Areas
Coastal Communities
Point
Conception
Oregonian Bioregion
Santa Barbara
From Airame, S., in press, 2004, Channel Islands Marine Sanctuary:
Advancing the science and policy of marine protected areas, in
Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for
Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest,
Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
Area of Detail
Sanctuary Boundary
Californian Bioregion
State Boundary
Santa Cruz
Island
San Miguel I.
Santa Rosa
Island
Anacapa I.
Santa Barbara Island
Transition Zone
Effective April 9, 2003
Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS
Survey Station Database Survey Catch Database
Station
data
Oceanographic Remote Sensing
Database
Data
Catch
data
Ocean
Current
data
One to Many Table Join
SeaWiFS
Satellite
Imagery of
Chlorophyll
Catch & Station Data
Biodiversity Analysis
Stations with Fish
Biodiversity Index
(Shannon-Weaver)
Spatial Analyst
(Kriging)
Biodiversity
Raster
Spawning
Aggregation
Spatial Analyst
(Kriging)
Spawning
Raster
Weighted
model
By OrSt grad student Chad Keith
Source &
Sink Areas
Nursery
Areas
Spatial Analyst
(Kriging)
Spatial Analyst
(Kriging)
Source/Sink
Raster
Nursery
Raster
Important
Biological
Areas
Raster
High 1°
Production
Raster
Continued
Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS
Commercial Database
Important
Biological
Areas
Raster
Commercial
Catch
data
Important
Commercial
Fishing Areas
(no MPA’s)
Raster
Calculator
Analysis
Fleet Capacity
Areas
(no MPA’s)
Spatial
Overlay
(Union)
Economic
Layer
By OrSt grad student Chad Keith
Biological Layer
Raster Calculator
Analysis
No MPA
Raster
Potential
MPA’s
75 km
50 km
By OrSt grad student Chad Keith
Gulf of Maine
Georges Bank
Example of MPA
Exclusion Areas
Fishing Patterns
1998-’99
Pre-Footrope Regulation
Tows 1998-1999
Reference Site 2
Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat
-
1,000
Meters
Scale 1 : 56,000
By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman
Fishing Patterns,
2000-’01
Post-Footrope Regulation
Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat
Where is Habitat Recovery Most
Likely?
Map Prediction of
Resilience/Robustness??
-
1,000
Meters
Scale 1 : 56,000
By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman
Prototype Mixed Layer Depth
Calculation in ArcGIS - Bering Sea
Vance et al., NOAA AFSC, 2004
Map courtesy of the National Park of American Samoa
Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
OrSt and USF Bathy Surveys,
2001 to present
Bottom Coverage & Data Density by Survey Method
Leadline
1-2 K
soundings
per survey
Single Beam
500 - 750 K
soundings
per survey
Multibeam
400,000 – 1,000,000 K
soundings
per survey
Image courtesy of NOAA & UNH
Active Remote Sensing
Acoustic!
• multiple, focused, high-frequency, short
wavelength sound beams
• “narrow-beam” or “multibeam” bathymetry
– sound beam stays narrow and focused all the way to
the bottom
– depths much more precise
– e.g., Sea Beam has 16 beams, Sea Beam 2000 has
121, EM3000 has 127, EM120 has 191
Mapping the Ocean Floor
• Only 5% of global ocean floor charted in high
rez with ships - we need 125 more years!
Image courtesy of NOAA
Ocean Thematic Layers
Graphic courtesy of Christina Massel, Steve Miller, Scripps
Multibeam Bathymetry
A Gigabyte of
data a day
A Gigabyte of
data an hour
The World Ocean Floor
Fine-Scale Mapping
• on the order of tens of meters to meters
• features the size of a beer can!
National Marine Sanctuaries
Map courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary System
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force
Seeks to characterize priority reef systems deeper than 30 m
in the U.S. and Trust Territories by 2009.
Surveys
contribute to
management of
marine protected
areas and the
possible
designation of
more protected
areas.
Evans et al. 2002; http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/col/projects/coral/Coralhome.html
OrSt & USF
Multibeam Surveys to date
By OrSt grad student Emily Lundblad
Shallow Multibeam
(May 2001, November 2002)
•
•
•
•
Kongsberg-Simrad EM-3000
Fans out 121 beams at 130 deg.
Swaths 3-4 times water depth
Depths in 3-150 m range at survey
speeds of 3-12 knots
• cm-resolution w/ dGPS
Preparations
Shallow Water Multibeam
Shallow Water Multibeam (cont.)
Measured offsets required for accurate pitch,
roll, yaw
"curling up" of outermost beams
"loss of bottom" on very steep slopes
sudden heading changes
By OrSt grad student Emily Larkin
Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 2001 bathy
SCUBA / Rebreather Technology
Images courtesy of Kip Evans, Nat. Geographic and Rich Pyle, Bishop Museum
Rebreather Dive Mission, FBNMS, 2001
Schedule - Day 1
• 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - intro lecture
• 9:30-10:00 – Break
• 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1: Exploring the Reefs
– all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on work
• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch
• 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – seafloor mapping techniques and GIS
analysis
• 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2: Benthic Classifications
Fa’afetai!
Image courtesy of FBNMS
Schedule - Day 2, Tues
• 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3:
Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data
(including hypothetical MPA)
• 10:30-11:00 – Dawn & Josh – Benthic
Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool
• 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa
Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS
Bibliographic Tool
• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch and/or Wrapup
• 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion
period