Transcript Figures from Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 What was natural? Illustration of the degradation of coral reef ecosystems from past to
modern conditions due to human impacts
Figure 8.2 Illustration of the shifting baseline syndrome and the change in living memory from old
to young fishermen in the Gulf of California
Figure 8.3 The availability of data has exponentially increased over time
Table 8.1 Comparisons of data sources used by the different disciplines involved in marine
historical ecology
Table 8.2 Different approaches to combining or comparing data to reconstruct the past
Figure 8.4 Uses of data from paleontological records
Figure 8.4 Uses of data from paleontological records (Part 1)
Figure 8.4 Uses of data from paleontological records (Part 2)
Figure 8.5 Uses of data from archaeological records
Figure 8.5 Uses of data from archaeological records (Part 1)
Figure 8.5 Uses of data from archaeological records (Part 2)
Figure 8.5 Uses of data from archaeological records (Part 3)
Figure 8.6 Historical records compared to modern records show a loss of nesting beaches and
demonstrate the contraction of a range
Figure 8.6 Historical records compared to modern records show a loss of nesting beaches and
demonstrate the contraction of a range (Part 1)
Figure 8.6 Historical records compared to modern records show a loss of nesting beaches and
demonstrate the contraction of a range (Part 2)
Figure 8.7 Historical records show declines in fish catches
Figure 8.7 Historical records show declines in fish catches (Part 1)
Figure 8.7 Historical records show declines in fish catches (Part 2)
Figure 8.8 Historical fisheries records from the outer Bay of Fundy
Figure 8.9 Uses of whaling and hunting records
Figure 8.9 Uses of whaling and hunting records (Part 1)
Figure 8.9 Uses of whaling and hunting records (Part 2)
Figure 8.9 Uses of whaling and hunting records (Part 3)
Figure 8.10 Uses of early scientific surveys
Figure 8.10 Uses of early scientific surveys (Part 1)
Figure 8.10 Uses of early scientific surveys (Part 2)
Figure 8.11 Living memory data based on interviews with fishermen of different ages in the Gulf of
California
Figure 8.11 Living memory data based on interviews with fishermen of different ages in the Gulf of
California (Part 1)
Figure 8.11 Living memory data based on interviews with fishermen of different ages in the Gulf of
California (Part 2)
Figure 8.12 Recent increase of gray whales in the northeastern Pacific compared with different
historical population estimates
Figure 8.13 Conceptual diagram of historical depletion and recovery trends
Figure 8.14 Historical changes in coral reef ecosystems
Figure 8.14 Historical changes in coral reef ecosystems (Part 1)
Figure 8.14 Historical changes in coral reef ecosystems (Part 2)
Figure 8.15 Historical changes in estuaries and coastal seas
Figure 8.15 Historical changes in estuaries and coastal seas (Part 1)
Figure 8.15 Historical changes in estuaries and coastal seas (Part 2)
Table 8.3 Definitions of cultural periods based on human presence, technology, and market
conditions
Figure 8.16 Comparison of extinction risks for different taxonomic groups through time
Figure 8.17 Projecting future states of marine populations and ecosystems
Figure 8.17 Projecting future states of marine populations and ecosystems (Part 1)
Figure 8.17 Projecting future states of marine populations and ecosystems (Part 2)
Figure 8.18 Distinguishing natural from anthropogenic changes
Figure 8.18 Distinguishing natural from anthropogenic changes (Part 1)
Figure 8.18 Distinguishing natural from anthropogenic changes (Part 2)
Table 8.4 Past drivers of extinction in the ocean and current threats
Figure 8.19 The use of historical data affects extinction risk assessments and fisheries reference
points
Table 8.5 Estimates of long-term change in shark populations in the Mediterranean Sea, with and
without historical data
Figure 8.20 Three different ways of communicating the effects of overfishing on the size of fish to
the general public
Figure 8.20 Three different ways of communicating the effects of overfishing on the size of fish to
the general public (Part 1)
Figure 8.20 Three different ways of communicating the effects of overfishing on the size of fish to
the general public (Part 2)
Figure 8.20 Three different ways of communicating the effects of overfishing on the size of fish to
the general public (Part 3)