Transcript QCD meets gravity and inertia

Gravity meets QCD and inertia
EU-Russia-JINR@Dubna Round Table
What next?: Theoretical and Experimental Physics after the
discovery of the Brout-Englert-Higgs boson
March 4, 2014
Oleg Teryaev
Bogoliubov Theoretical
Laboratory, JINR
Main Topics
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Hadronic Physics and quarks/gluons couplings to
gravity: Gravitational Formfactors
Equivalence Principle and Spin: rotating frames
Extension of Equivalence Principle (validity separately
for quarks and gluons): probes
Quadrupole formfactors and cosmological constant:
annihilation and inflation
Rotation in heavy-ion collisions
Heavy Ion and Hadronic Physics
after BEH boson discovery
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QCD studies via quark-gluon matter and
hadron structure
Advanced high accuracy programs – RHIC,
JLab, J-Parc, COMPASS (talk of O. Denisov),
GSI, NICA(talks of V. Kekelidze and I. Savin)
Relation of QCD to fundamental physics?
Particular example: coupling of quarks and
gluons to gravity/inertia(rotation)
Gravity for quarks and gluons
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Current or constituent quark mass?!
Neither: matrix elements of energy
momentum tensor
May be extracted from cross sections of
hard inclusive (<p|Tµβ |p>) and
exclusive (<p|Tµβ |p’>) processes
The weakness of gravity does not
matter!
From axial to gravitational
formfactors
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Axial FFs – crucial for determination of
neutrino-nucleon inetractions
In principle: may be extracted from hard
electromagnetic processes
Should the weak interaction be much weaker,
axial FFs are still accessible
The same is true for gravitational FFs
Unique way to probe seprately gravity
couplings to quarks and gluons
Gravitational Formfactors
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Conservation laws - zero Anomalous
Gravitomagnetic Moment :
(g=2)
May be extracted from high-energy
experiments/NPQCD calculations
Describe the partition of angular momentum between
quarks and gluons
Describe interaction with both classical and TeV
gravity
Generalized Parton Diistributions (related to
matrix elements of non local operators ) –
models for both EM and Gravitational
Formfactors (Selyugin,OT ’09)
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Smaller mass square radius (attraction
vs repulsion!?)
Equivalence principle
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Newtonian – “Falling elevator” – well known
and checked (also for elementary particles)
Post-Newtonian – gravity action on SPIN –
known since 1962 (Kobzarev and Okun’);
rederived from conservarion laws - Kobzarev
and Zakharov
Anomalous gravitomagnetic (and electric-CPodd) moment iz ZERO or
Classical and QUANTUM rotators behave in
the SAME way
Electromagnetism vs Gravity
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Interaction – field vs metric deviation
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Static limit
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Mass as charge – equivalence principle
Gravitomagnetism
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Gravitomagnetic field (weak, except in gravity
waves) – action on spin from
spin dragging twice
smaller than EM
Lorentz force – similar to EM case: factor ½
cancelled with 2 from
Larmor
frequency same as EM
Orbital and Spin momenta dragging – the same Equivalence principle
Equivalence principle for
moving particles
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Compare gravity and acceleration:
gravity provides EXTRA space
components of metrics
Matrix elements DIFFER
Ratio of accelerations:
confirmed by explicit solution of Dirac
equation (Silenko, OT, ‘05)
Arbitrary fields – Obukhov, Silenko,
OT, ‘09, ‘11, ‘13
Gravity vs accelerated frame
for spin and helicity
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Spin precession – well known factor 3 (Probe
B; spin at satellite – probe of PNEP!) –
smallness of relativistic correction (~P2 ) is
compensated by 1/ P2 in the momentum
direction precession frequency
Helicity flip – the same!
No helicity flip in gravitomagnetic field –
another formulation of PNEP (OT’99)
Never tested on purpose; reinterpretation
(Silenko,OT’07) of EDM searches data – test
with % accuracy for atomic spins
Gyromagnetic and
Gravigyromagnetic ratios
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Free particles – coincide
<P+q|Tmn |P-q> = P{m<P+q|Jn}|P-q>/e up to the
terms linear in q
Special role of g=2 for any spin (asymptotic freedom
for vector bosons)
Should Einstein know about PNEP, the outcome of his
and de Haas experiment would not be so surprising
Recall also g=2 for Black Holes. Indication of
“quantum” nature?!
Cosmological implications of
PNEP
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Necessary condition for Mach’s Principle (in the spirit
of Weinberg’s textbook) Lense-Thirring inside massive
rotating empty shell
(=model of Universe)
For flat “Universe” precession frequency
equal to that of shell rotation
Simple observation-Must be the
same for classical and quantum
rotators – PNEP!
More elaborate models - Tests for cosmology ?!
Generalization of Equivalence
principle
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Various arguments: AGM 0 separately
 for quarks
and gluons – most clear from the lattice
(LHPC/SESAM) confirmed by subsequent calculations
Extended Equivalence
Principle=Exact EquiPartition
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In pQCD – violated
Reason – in the case of ExEP- no smooth
transition for zero fermion mass limit (Milton,
73)
Conjecture (O.T., 2001 – prior to lattice data)
– valid in NP QCD – zero quark mass limit is
safe due to chiral symmetry breaking
Gravity proofed confinement (also when
falling to Black Hole?) - gravity does not
“unbalance” quark and gluon angular
momenta
Supported by smallness of E (isoscalar AMM)
Vector mesons and EEP
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J=1/2 -> J=1. QCD SR (Samsonov)
calculation of Rho’s AMM gives g close to 2.
Maybe because of similarity of moments
g-2=<E(x)>; B=<xE(x)>
Directly for charged Rho (combinations like
p+n for nucleons unnecessary!). Not reduced
to non-extended EP: Gluons momentum
fraction sizable
EEP and AdS/QCD
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Calculation of Rho formfactors in
Holographic QCD (Grigoryan,
Radyushkin) provides g=2 identically!
Experimental test at time –like region
possible
Another manifestation of postNewtonian (E)EP for spin 1 hadrons
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Tensor polarization coupling of EMT to
spin in forward
matrix elements inclusive processes
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Second moments of
tensor distributions
should sum to zero
=0 for EEP
HERMES – data on tensor
spin structure function
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Isoscalar target –
proportional to the sum of u
and d quarks – combination
required by EEP
Second moment –
compatible to zero better
than the first one (collective
glue << sea)
– for valence:
Tests at new Drell-Yan
experiments with deuteron
targets (COMPASS, NICA)?
Quadrupole FF: Inflation and
annihilation
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Quadrupole gravitational FF
Positive fo nucleons, photons, Q-balls,…. Related to stability
Vacuum – Cosmological Constant
2D effective CC – negative in scattering, positive in annihilation
(=classical gravity + crossing invariance)
Similarity of inflation and Schwinger pair production – Starobisnky,
Zel’dovich
NEC is also violated (should be restored by other FFs)
Was OUR Big Bang resulting from one graviton annihilation at extra
dimensions?? Version of “ekpyrotic” (“pyrotechnic”) universe?
Rotation in “Small Bang”
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4-velocity -> gauge field, chemical potential ->
charge : eJµA µ -> µJµv µ
Vorticity (= curl v) acts on spin like (gravito)
magnetism µ curl v ~ eH ~ m curl g0i
HIC – largest possible vorticity: velocity ~c changes
at the distances ~ Compton wavelength
Inertial effects (~ gravity by EP) are LARGE
Manifestations (Rogachevsky,Sorin,OT):
Chiral vortical effect – charges separation (baryon
charge – neutrons@NICA)
Baryons polarization: anomalous VVA correlator in
medium
Model calculations
(Baznat,Gudima,Sorin,OT)
Phys.Rev. C88 (2013) 061901
Structure of velocity and
vorticity fields (5 GeV/c)
Hydrodynamical Helicity
(=v rot v) separation
CONCLUSIONS
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Quarks/Gl couplings to gravity may be
studied in hadronic process and NPQCD
Evidences for EP valid separately for quarks
and gluons: gravity proofed (also at BH?)
confinement?
EP for deutrons may be studied in
DY@COMPASS and NICA
HIC – strongest possible vorticity
Manifestations under scrutiny
Black holes at LHC
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Safe Mini BH – immediately
evaporated
Production mechanism – another
gravity/QCD meeting point
What can QCD factorization tell?
QCD factorization
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Hard subprocess (calculable) + soft parton
distributions –HADRONIC matrix elements of
quark and gluon operators (uncalculable but
universal)-Politzer, Collins, Efremov,
Radyushkin
Do not have physical meaning separately
Hard scale required
Hadronic collisions
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Different types of distributions
contribute (quark, GLUON, generalized,
unintegrated…)
Hard subprocesses calculable
What about BH?
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Usually – parton distributions +classical
geometric cross-section
Intrinsic contradiction (parts of the same
QUANTUM amplitude)
Hard scale – BH mass – MUST enter the
original amplitude to extract parton
distributions
Def: BH -> Quantum state with definite mass
+ Hawking decay
BH a la heavy meson
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Meson: Coupling to gluons related to
decay width
Up to normalization – also for BH
What is BH decay width to 2 gluons ->
2 jets (q-h duality)?!
Final state of the SM process vs typical BH decay spectra
SM
BH decay
Pictures by Sabine Hossenfelder
Multi-jet and hard leptons events, spherical, typical temperature about 200 GeV
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What is the overlap of
thermalaized and 2jets events?
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Probabilistic reasoning : |<2j|T>| ~
exp (-N )
Exponential suppression of BH
production (cf M.B. Voloshine – from
semiclassical arguments)
Relations to fundamental
problems of BH?
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Suppression – related to information loss
Classical formula - irreversibility
Coupling <-> decay width |<BH|2j>|=|<2j|BH>| T(+P=C) invariance
Virtual space-like (t-channel) gluons – crossing
invariabce
Relation of Gravity (Hawking radiation) and QCD (jet
fragmentation)
Classical BH – GG states should be prepared – extra
suppression by hard gluon exchange – weakening
CMS bound?
Other mechanisms
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Extra gluons – higher twists
<p|GG..G|p> - power suppression – but
not exponential!
Small x –
Colour
Glass
Condensate
Heavy Ions?
CONCLUSIONS-BH
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QCD factorization – calls for quantum
consideration of BH
Coupling to partons - exponentially
suppressed
Related to fundamental issues of BH physics
Other empirical QCD/Gravity relations
BH may be better produced in heavy ions
collisions
CONCLUSIONS-FF
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EP with spin – new problem for particle
physics
Spin-1 hadrons – new manifestation
A number of evidences for validity of EP
for quarks and gluons separately