Transcript Review of Course_1x

Review of Course
Identity and Ideology
• Sources of identity:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Family Influence
Gender and gender roles
Religion and spirituality
Environment
Relationship to the land
Language and Ideology
Media, Beliefs, and
Values
– Government Shaping
Identity
– Themes include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nation
Class
Race
Environment
Relationship to the land
Gender
Religion
• Progressivism—
umbrella term for
ideologies that
advocate political/social
reform, support
workers rights, and
social justice.
Demonstrate where it
would fall on the
spectrum
• Characteristics of
Ideology:
– Nature of Human Beings
– Structure of Society
– Interpretations of
History
– Visions of the Future
examine historic and contemporary
expressions of individualism and
collectivism
• Entrepreneurialism
• Social Programs and
Public Services
• Kibbutz
• NGO
• Hutterites
Individualism
• principles of liberalism:
– individual rights and
freedoms
– self-interest
– Competition
– economic freedom
– rule of law
– private property
Collectivism
• principles of
collectivism:
–
–
–
–
–
Collective responsibility
collective interest
Cooperation
economic equality
adherence to collective
norms
– public property
Political Spectrum
Left/Communism
Government by
the people,
exercised through
representatives
selected in a
popular vote
Rule by a collective or group
who make all decisions without
outside inputs
Republican
Democracy
Communism
Capitalism
Government by
the people, who
are directly
involved on all
decisions
The absence of any form of
political state or leadership
Means of production and
distribution are privately or
corporately owned, and
Pure
development is
Democracy proportionate to the
accumulation and
reinvestment of profits
gained in a free market.
Anarchy
Anarchism
Right/Capitalism
Collective
ownership of
property and the
organization of
labor for the
common
advantage of all
members.
Authoritarian
One political leader with absolute
Dictatorship
power (not restricted by a
Oligarchy
constitution or laws or
opposition, etc.)
Republican
Democracy
Communism
The means of producing and
distributing goods is owned
collectively (or by a
centralized government) that
often plans and controls the
economy to maintain social
and economic equality.
Centralization of
authority under a
dictator, stringent
socioeconomic controls,
suppression of
opposition through
terror and censorship;
typically a policy of
belligerent nationalism
and/or racism.
Capitalism
Pure
Democracy
Anarchy
Anarchism
Right/Capitalism
Left/Communism
Authoritarian
Dictatorship
Fascism
Oligarchy
Fascism
Stalin’s
USSR
Castro’s
Cuba
China
2050?
Where China
actually is
today
Republican
Democracy
Communism
Capitalism
Collapse of central government in
mid-1990s led to country run by
economic opportunists, terrorists,
Pure
and militaristic gangs. Currently
Democracy trying to reestablish central
government, but it controls only
part of the capitol and none of the
body of the country.
Anarchy
Anarchism
Somalia
Right/Capitalism
Left/Communism
Venezuela
Where China
thinks they
are…
Authoritarian
Dictatorship
Related Issue 2 Review
Classical vs. Modern Liberalism
Classical Liberal Thinkers
• John Locke
– Government should be
accountable to ppl.
– Private property=good
– Against authoritarianism
– Humans are reasonable
• Montesquieu
– Separation of powers
– Accountability of individual
– Equality of individuals
• Adam Smith
– Laissez-faire
– People should work for
themselves
– Government should be limited
• John Stuart Mill
– Individualist—freedom should
be protected
– Welfare capitalism
(government’s provided
protection for workers)
– Only limitations on liberty
should be those that protect
the liberties of others
• Enlightenment
• French Revolution
• American Revolution
• Industrial Revolution
Opposition to Classical Liberalism
• Luddites
• Utopians Socialists
• Chartists
• Marxists
• Socialists
• Classical Conservativism
Welfare State
• Great Depression
• Keynesian Economics
– Boom Bust Cycle
•
•
•
•
More money in
your pockets:
Governments
should spend
money in a
recession to
reduce its
severity. It
should also
reduce taxes.
The New Deal (FDR)
Winnipeg General Strike
Labour Unions
Universal Suffrage
Less money in
your pockets:
Governments
should spend less
money in boom
times to soften a
boom. It should
also raise taxes.
Authoritarian Governments:
Hitler and Stalin
• KNOW: How these regimes rejected liberalism
– Pre-conditions that allowed the regimes to come
to power
– Biography
– Rise to power
– Illiberal practices while in power
– Placemetn on political and economic spectrum
Cold War
• Yalta and Potsdam
Conferences
• Spheres of Influence
• Expansionism
• Containment
• Deterrence
• Brinkmanship
• Non-Alignment
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Berlin Wall
Hungary (Fall)
Czech Republic
Yugoslavia
Cuban Missile Crisis
Proxy Wars
Related Issue 3 Review
Systems that do not reflect
the will of the people
Systems that reflect the
will of the people
(not responsible/accountable)
(responsible/accountable)
Dictatorships/
Democracies
Authoritarians systems
Representative
Direct
Nunavut, Athens,
Web/Politics 2.0
Parliamentary
Canada
Presidential (USA)
Governor General (symbolic
Office)
Prime Minister
and Cabinet
House of Commons
Appoints
Senate
Elect
Citizens
Supreme
Court
President
Appoints
Supreme Court
Cabinet
Approves
House of
Representatives
Senate
ELECT
ELECT
Citizens
ELECT
Authoritarian Political Systems
Techniques of
Authoritarian
Governments :
• Vision
• Propaganda
• Directing Public
Discontent
• Terror
• Controlled
Participation
Types:
• Oligarchies
• One Party States
• Military Dictatorships
Balancing the Common Good with
Individual Rights
• French Language Laws
• Religious Symbolism/
Reasonable
Accommodation
• War Measures Act
– FLQ Crisis
– Japanese Cdn.
Internment
•
•
•
•
Emergencies Act
PATRIOT Act
No Fly List
Individual and
Collective Rights
• Charter of Rights and
Freedoms
Liberalism Evolves…
•
•
•
•
Environmentalism
Neo-Conservativism
Religious Perspectives
Aboriginal Perspectives
Aboriginals
• Historical/traditional
ideological beliefs of
First Nations—Private
Property
• Residential Schools
• (Historical) Treaties
• Potlatch
• Enfranchisement
• Indian Act
• White Paper (Red
Paper)
Challenges to Liberal Thought
• Post-Modernism
• Extremism
• Economic Extremism
Is Contemporary Liberalism Viable?
• Environmentalism
• Consumerism
• Pandemics
• Water Shortages