Transcript Day 2 14.2 Totalitarianism in the Soviet Unionx - Mr

What will we learn today?
10.3.6 Communism as opposed to capitalism
10.5.3 How the Russian Revolution affected WWI
10.6.3 Disillusionment and the void filled by dictators
10.7.1 Causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution
10.7.2 Trace Stalin’s rise to power and analyze his regime
10.7.3 The rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian
regimes.
Pretend you are Joseph Stalin, the
leader of the Soviet Union. You are
very paranoid and always worried
about being overthrown. You want
to keep yourself in power and limit
opposition. What steps might you
take?
1
• Define totalitarianism.
• Describe Stalin’s goal of transforming the
Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.
• Summarize Stalin’s state-controlled
economic program.
• Describe Soviet daily life.
• Why does control of
education help
totalitarian regimes
become successful?
• After Lenin died, Stalin
seized power and
transformed the Soviet
Union into a totalitarian
state.
• Lenin died in 1924
• His brain was sliced
• 3.5 million visited his into 30,000 segments
and stored for future
body
study!
• Lenin’s body was
embalmed and tomb • Statues erected
everywhere, Petrograd
became a shrine.
was renamed
Leningrad, streets and
institutions named
after him.
• Lenin’s body is preserved in Red
Square- still there today and open
to the public!
After Lenin, there was intense competition for
who would rule the Communist Party
Leon Trotsky
Joseph Stalin
Young Stalin
Borat
Victor Ruelas
&
Joseph Stalin
• Changed his name to
Stalin, meaning the
“man of steel” in
Russian
• Came from a poor
working-class
background.
• Initially trained to be
a priest but was
drawn into the world
of revolutionaries.
Read Lenin’s works.
• Joined the Bolshevik
Party around 1902,
raiding banks to raise
money.
• Arrested and exiled
to Siberia several
times between 1902
and 1913, escaping 5
times.
• Forced Leon Trotsky into
exile so he faced no threats
• Stalin, Lenin’s successor,
dramatically transformed the
government of the Soviet
Union
• Used tactics to rid himself of
any opposition
• Worked to establish total
control over all aspects of
life in the Soviet Union
• Controlled gov’t, economy,
aspects of private life
Stalin Speaking
Trotsky’s grave in Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
Ice Axe
• Totalitarianism is a
form of government
in which the
national
government takes
control of all
aspects of both
public and private
life
• Unites people
• Forces popular support
• Exercises absolute
authority
• Dominates government
• Invokes fear to keep
control
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Business
Labor
Housing
Education
Religion
The arts
Personal life
Youth groups
• Where is Lenin’s body today?
Under Red Square
• Who was most qualified to be the
next leader of the USSR?
Trotsky
• What did Stalin do to Trotsky?
Exiled, then murder him
• Use one word to describe
Totalitarianism:
Mr. Robinson’s word:
controlling
•
•
•
•
•
Use of intimidation
Censorship
Persecution
Secret Police
Brain wash
• Demand loyalty
• Denies basic liberties
• Expects personal
sacrifice for the good
of the state

Forced into a
specific job and
expected to meet
quotas

Food for the
state before food
for an individual
and their family
Encouraged to
expose those
who do not
follow the rules
 Secret Police




Brain wash
Government
controlled all
education from
nursery schools
through universities
Trained youths to be
future party members
USSR Parade and the Secret Police

GULAG-Could
be sent to labor
camps at any
moment even if
no crime was
committed
Particular obstructive workers who
refuse to submit to disciplinary
measures will be subject, as nonworkers, to discharge and
confinement in concentration
camps.
—Vladimir Lenin,
Decree of November 14th, 1919
Life in a gulag
Life in a gulag
Life in a gulag
Prisoner labor at a gulag
 Religion
is not allowed,
Communism is your religion
 Ethnic and religious persecution
NO RELIGION
STALIN IS GOD
Strict censorship
 Personal messages are not
private
 Government controlled all
newspapers, radio
broadcasts, cinema, literature
and art

Stalin
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09D3D
QCz5g4&feature=related
• Friends
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOzYT4lc
XuM
• Animal Farm Comparison
http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~sbennet3/mea
d/lessonplans/animalfarm.htm
• Stalin imposed control
over the economy.
• Goals of five-year plans
– Build heavy industry
– Improve transportation
– Increase farm output
• Command economy:
government officials
make all basic
economic decisions
Joseph Stalin
• Oil, coal, and steel
production grew.
• Standard of living
remained low as did
wages. Workers not
allowed to strike
• Central planning often
inefficient – consumer
products scarce
(clothing, cars, etc.)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_DaMKUP3Og
capitalism
"To whom goes all national profits? In the CCCP, to the workers."
“Love Your Motherland”
 Government control of
agriculture
 Collectives: large
farms owned and
operated by peasants
as a group
 State set prices and
access to supplies
 Peasants who did not
want to give up their
land resisted the
collectives.
 Stalin blamed kulaks,
wealthy farmers, for
resistance – killed or sent
to labor camps
 Peasants rebelled by
growing only enough food
for themselves.
 In response, Stalin took
their food to meet
“industrial goals” = Terror
Famine
"We farmers, on the basis of complete
collectivization, will liquidate the kulaks as
a class."
Confiscating hidden grain
Corpses of starved peasants in the Soviet Ukraine
Victim of famine
Child victim of famine
Child victim of famine
Child victim of famine
Child victim of famine
 Some turned to
cannibalism to
survive
http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=IfVq3ETuDA
 Crimes against
humanity
 Resisters to the
regime sent to the
Gulag, brutal labor
camps
 Great Purge: Stalin
cracked down on Old
Bolsheviks and others
who didn’t support
him, putting them on
trial and sending them
to the Gulag
 Millions died
Annual average
temperature about
0 °C (32 °F) and
roughly −15 °C
With a lowest record
temperature of
−96.2 °F has the
distinction of being
the coldest town on
Earth.
Have you ever been late to work?
In the Stalin era, a person who arrived late to work
three times could be sent to the Gulag for three
years.
Have you ever told a joke about a government
official?
In the Stalin era, many were sent to the Gulag for
up to 25 years for telling an innocent joke about a
Communist Party official.
If your family was starving, would you take a
few potatoes left in a field after harvest?
In the Stalin era, a person could be sent to the
Gulag for up to ten years for such petty theft.
Maria Tchebotareva
Trying to feed her four hungry children
during the massive 1932-1933 famine,
the peasant mother allegedly stole
three pounds of rye from her former
field—confiscated by the state as part
of collectivization. Soviet authorities
sentenced her to ten years in the
Gulag. When her sentence expired in
1943, it was arbitrarily extended until
the end of the war in 1945. After her
release, she was required to live in
exile near her Gulag camp north of the
Arctic Circle, and she was not able to
return home until 1956, after the death
of Stalin. Maria Tchebotareva never
found her children after her release.
Ivan Burylov
Seeking the appearance of
democracy, the Soviet Union held
elections, but only one Communist
Party candidate appeared on the
ballot for each office. Fear of
punishment ensured that nearly all
Soviet citizens “voted” by taking
their ballot and ceremoniously
placing it into a ballot box.
In 1949, Ivan Burylov, a
beekeeper, protested this absurd
ritual by writing the word
“Comedy” on his “secret” ballot.
Soviet authorities linked the ballot
to Burylov and sentenced him to
eight years in camps for this
“crime.”



Attempted to
brainwash through
the use of radio,
movies, & schools
Censorship controlled
books, music, and art
Attempted to show
Soviet life in a
positive light to
promote communism
Soviet Propaganda Poster
“Look Me in the Eyes and Tell
Me Honestly:
Who is your friend? Who is your
enemy?
You have no friends among
capitalists.
You have no enemies among the
workers.
Only in a union of the workers of
all nations will you be victorious
over capitalism and liberated
from exploitation.
Down with national
antagonisms!
Workers of the world unite!”
• Strengthen hold on people’s minds by
destroying their religious faith
• Atheism, the belief that there is no
god, was the state policy.
• Replaced religion with Communist
ideology (“sacred” text: Marx and
Lenin’s writings, shrine: Lenin’s tomb,
religious icons: portraits of Stalin)
Stalin not only eliminated people
who spoke out against the
Communist Party’s policies…
…he also worked to erase
any traces that they even
existed in the first place.
Is This Really Communism?
Communism
Peasants
Communists
Military leaders
Business managers
Soviet Society Under Stalin
Communists
Military leaders
Business managers
Peasants
Soviet Society
Benefits
Free
schooling
Programs outside
of school (sports)
Free medical care
Inexpensive
housing
Public recreation
Drawbacks
Taught
communist
values (atheism,
glory of collective
farming, love of
Stalin)
Housing scarce
Most food in short
supply
• What is the most effective way to
brain wash society?
In elementary school
• What do you think was the worst
hardship that the people of the
USSR faced?
???
• Why did Stalin tap phones and
read mail?
To make people afraid to protest
• Why did Stalin outlaw religion?
He didn’t want any competition.
• Were Stalin’s Five Year Plans
successful?
Yes, but at a great cost to
human life.
• How did Stalin attempt to increase
farming production?
Collective farms: he moved
Russians onto huge farms
against their will.
• What impact did the Great Purge
have on the Russian people?
Millions of Russians were
murdered or jailed.
 An
allegory for the Russian Revolution and
Soviet Communism.

Czar Nicolas II
 Karl Marx/Lenin
 Communism
 Trotsky
 Joseph Stalin
 Propaganda Department




Secret Police (Cheka)
Selfish people of Russia
Dedicated worker, but
tricked by Communism
Skeptical people in and
out of Russia