Transcript The Long Hot Summer of 1914

The Long Hot Summer of 1914
Immediate Causes that blew the
Powder Keg of Europe
“Hidden Agendas”
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Britain?
France?
Russia?
Serbia?
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Germany?
Austria-Hungary?
Italy?
Ottoman Empire?
All the Rest
By 1914
• Liberalism and Nationalism are weakening
Ger and AH
• Serbia wants new country: Greater Serbia
• Serbian terrorists and extremist groups
gearing up: The Black Hand….
JUNE, 1914
AH’s Goodwill Tour to Sarajevo:
June 28, 1914
• Emperor Franz Joseph sends his heir
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and family
• Assassinated by Bosnian teen Gavrilo
Princip. Suspected member of the Black
Hand.
• AH believes Serbian gov’t behind it
• AH sends help message to Ger
JULY 1914
IT’S GETTING HOTTER….
July 5, 1914
• Ger gives unlimited backing to AH because
they believe that the Serbs will back down
to a Triple Alliance threat.
• AH thinks that they are getting a “Blank
Check” from Ger. So….
July 19 Ultimatum
• AH to Serbs: 10 Demands including:
– Stop all anti-AH activities and
propaganda
– Dissolve the Black Hand and give over
the alleged assassin
– Let AH military into Serbia to see 1 & 2
done
– Answer within 48 hours or else
July 25: Serbian Response
• Ok to #1 & #2
• No way to #3
MEANWHILE…
• Serbs ask Rus for Help!!!
• Rus says OK
…Alert…Alert
Russian Hidden Agenda
• Afraid to lose face with Euro powers
• Counted on Triple Entente support
• Mobilized on Ger/AH’s Eastern
Borders to intimidate...
July 25-July 28
• Br Sir Edward Grey puts pressure on
Fr, Ger, Itl, to cooperate and get AH
and Rus to stop mobilization
• Attempts at negotiation for a peaceful
settlement…
Failed! Oh No!!!
July 28, 1914
AH declares war on Serbia
and Rus
…Alert…Alert
German Hidden Agenda
• Does not want to fight on 2 fronts. So
last appeal to Fr and Rus to settle…
• They refuse…
• Schlieffen Plan goes into effect
Schlieffen Plan
Knock out Fr immediately by marching
through neutral Belgium. Head for
Paris (Fr capital) and then control all
of Fr.
August 1914
Explosion
WAR
• Aug 1: Ger declares war on Russia
• Aug 2: Ger ultimatum to Belgium: Let
through or we take you over…
• Aug 3: Ger declares war on France
Britain’s Hidden Agenda
• Angered at Ger violation of Belgium’s
neutrality
• Worried about Ger blockade…
Aug 4
Br declares war on Ger
NEUTRAL COUNTRIES
Italy
Spain
Netherlands
Switzerland
Albania
Luxembourg
Denmark
Sweden
Norway
US
ALLIES
France
Britain
Russia
Serbia
Belgium
Allies
• By the end of 1914: Japan
• By 1915: Italy (promised some of AH)
and Bulgaria
• By 1917: China, US, and 31 more
countries
TOTAL WAR
CENTRAL POWERS
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria (Until 1915)