Transcript Animal Farm - Mr. Weldon

Animal Farm
English Literature
Animal Farm
English Literature
Lesson objective: revise chapter 1-3 and read chapter 4-5
http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizshow.php?title=animal-farm-chapter-13&q=8&next=y
Animal Farm Introduction
Lesson 1: Context
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To introduce the themes of Animal Farm
To learn about the author of the text
Revolutionary Research
‘I intended it primarily as a satire on the Russian revolution.’
George Orwell, author of Animal Farm
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is a satire?
What is a revolution?
Who was Tsar Nicholas?
Who were Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky
and Joseph Stalin?
5. What is Communism?
6. What is totalitarianism?
George Orwell
George Orwell was an English novelist and
journalist. His work is marked by themes of
• Social injustice
• Opposition to totalitarianism - dictatorship: a
form of government in which the ruler is an absolute
dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or
opposition)
• Democratic socialism - Democratic Socialists believe
that both the economy and society should be run
democratically.
Orwell is best known for the novel Nineteen EightyFour (1949) and Animal Farm (1945),
In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of
"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Context
• When Animal Farm was published in the 1940s the USSR was
under the control of the ruthless dictator Joseph Stalin.
• The ideals of freedom and equality dreamed of in the 1917
revolution had turned into a nightmare. Corruption, starvation,
oppression and executions were commonplace under Stalin’s
rule. The socialist dream had been destroyed and the idealism of
the revolution betrayed.
• This was the inspiration for Orwell’s novel.
• Rather than write a direct attack on the USSR, Orwell decided to
write a satire and set on a farm.
• Orwell described what gave him the idea of setting the book on a
farm: ‘...I saw a little boy, perhaps ten years old, driving a huge
carthorse along a narrow path, whipping it whenever it tried to
turn. It struck me that if only such animals became aware of
their strength we should have no power over them, and that men
exploit animals in much the same way as the rich exploit the
proletariat.’
Historical Context
Click on the
image opposite
to watch a BBC
film about the
historical
context of
George Orwell’s
Animal Farm.
Historical Context
• Animal Farm is an Allegory of HISTORICAL EVENTS in Russia following the fall
of the Tsar in 1917 and the seizing of power by the Communists and their leader
Lenin.
• Orwell’s book mirrors Stalin’s subsequent struggle with Trotsky for leadership
and his eventual control of Russia from the 1920s to the end of WW2
1917 – Russian Revolution
1922- Stalin becomes general secretary of the Communist party
1924 – In the UK, first Labour government forms under Ramsay MacDonald; in
Russia Lenin dies; Stalin and Trotsky struggle for power
1928 – Frist of Stalin’s five year plans
1929 – Trotsky exiled from Soviet Union
1933 – Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party, elected chancellor in Germany
1936-8 – Stalin’s Great Purge kills millions
1939 – Stalin and Hitler sign non-agression pact
1939-45 – Second world war
1940 – Trotsky assassinated on Stalin’s orders
1941 – Germany invades Russia
1943 – Battle of Stalinggrad; Roosevelt, Churchhill and Stalin meet
1953 – Stalin dies
Check your understanding
1.What was the inspiration
for Animal Farm?
2.What is a satire?
3.What were the main
ideals of Communism?
4.Who were Lenin, Trotsky
and Stalin?
5.What happened to
Communist ideals under
Stalin?
6.Why did Orwell set his
novel on a farm?
Animal Farm
Chapter 1
Animal Farm
Lesson Objectives:
To read Chapter 1
To gather first impressions of Mr Jones
and the animals
To analyse Old Major’s speech
Chapter 1 - summary
• Major, a prize-winning boar, tells the other
animals on Manor Farm about a dream he
has had, in which animals live free from
human slavery
• Major’s speech inspires the animals to
rebel against mankind and create their
own society based on Major’s ideas of
equality and freedom.
Why is Chapter 1 important?
•It introduces the setting (a farm), Mr Jones and the animals to the
reader. The first animal we meet is Major, the ‘Middle White’ boar – a
breed of pig (p13)
•Orwell makes us notice the differences between the animals and their
behaviour in the barn gives the reader clues as to how the animals will
behave later in the book. The animals are anthropomorphic (a
description of animals that are seen to behave like humans. They talk and
think for instance) but are still believable as farm animals
•Major’s speech establishes an idealised vision of the future in contrast
to the animals’ present suffering under Mr Jones – and their later
suffering under the pigs
•Orwell encourages the reader to feel sympathetic towards some of the
farm animals from the start so that we appreciate just how badly the pigs
behave as they gain control of the farm
•Major’s revolutionary vision predicts many events that later come true –
such as Boxer’s eventual fate. The irony is that this occurs under the pigs
tyranny, not man’s.
Old Major’s Speech
In Chapter 1 Old Major delivers a powerful speech to all the animals
encouraging them to rebel against humans. He uses many rhetorical
techniques to communicate his ideas and persuade the other animals.
Task
In pairs, go through Old Major’s speech with a highlighter and identify
as many persuasive techniques as you can. Look out for:
•Rhetorical questions
•Repetition
•Hyperbole
•Emotive language
•Rule of three
•Alliteration
•Directly addressing the audience
•Short sentences
•Facts and opinions
Old Major’s Speech
• Major states that the life of the animals on the farm is one of ‘misery and
slavery’ (pg15) because the animals are exploited by man, their only real
enemy, who consumes without producing’ (pg16) and doesn’t reward them for
what he takes.
• This speech is based on the work of the German philosopher Karl Marx.
Marx believed that capitalists behave in the same way that Major thinks the
humans do, by exploiting the workers or proletariat (or in Major’s case the
farm animals).
• The proletariat (Workers or working-class people, regarded collectively) are
exploited by being made to work very hard in return for minimal pay. They
never see the rewards for their own labour. Marx thought that this would only
stop if the proletariat revolted against the capitalists.
• Orwell wants the reader to feel sympathetic to this Marxist argument by
listing the ways in which man makes animals suffer. According to Major ‘No
animal in England is free’ (pg15), so therefore the only solution is to rebel
against man.
According to the Major there
should be…
‘Perfect unity’ as ‘All animals are comrades’ (pg17)
Is this true?
Although Orwell uses Major to emphasise the need for unity
and equality in chapter 1, there are signs that this is harder to
achieve than the animals first think.
Directly after Major’s speech, the dogs attack the rats (pg17)
so this therefore directly seems to contradict what the Major
has just said.
The animals are not united at the start of the story; although
some animals protect others, some seem intent on fighting
amongst themselves.
Extension Questions
1. Would you describe Orwell’s language as
simple or complex? Explain your answer.
2. Why would Orwell use this type of language?
Consider the book’s intended audience and
purpose.
3. Why is the song ‘Beasts of England’
important?
4. What things does Old Major say that animals
should never do?
5. What do you think and feel about Old
Major’s speech? Is he right?
Animal Farm Cartoon Strip
Look at the cartoon strip below. It portrays the
events of the opening pages of Animal Farm.
Complete the cartoon strip, narrating the main
events of Chapter One.
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Chapter 2
Animal Farm
Lesson Objectives:
To read Chapter 2
To compare and contrast the characters of
Snowball and Napoleon
Table of events
This table will help you keep track of the main events that take place in
the novel. Copy it then complete it as you read through the book.
Chapter
1
Characters
Mr Jones
The Animals
Key Events
Major, a prize-winning boar, tells the other animals on Manor
Farm about a dream he has had, in which animals live free
from human slavery
Major’s speech inspires the animals to rebel against mankind
and create their own society based on Major’s ideas of
equality and freedom.
2
3
4
Chapter
6
7
8
9
10
Characters
Key Events
Chapter 2 Summary
• Following Major’s death, the pigs teach his ideas
to the other animals on the farm
• Mr Jones forgets to feed and milk the animals
who rebel against him and drive him and his
men off the farm
• Mrs Jones flees the farm followed by Moses
• Napoleon and Snowball (2 literate boars) take
charge
• Following Major’s instructions, basic rules are
established for a free and equal society on the
farm
Chapter 2 Summary continued
• The seven commandments are written on the
wall for all to read, but despite Snowball’s
literacy classes, few of the animals can read
them
• Manor Farm is renamed Animal Farm and is a
more efficient and happier place than before.
The animals seem to have created a perfect
society
• While the animals are at the harvest, unbeknown
to them, Napoleon attends to the milk . On their
return they find that the milk has vanished.
Why is Chapter 2 important?
•It establishes the Major’s dream, which inspires the animals’
and gives them ‘a completely different outlook on life’ (pg23).
•Orwell introduces three pigs on the farm; Napoleon, Snowball
and Squealer who are the driving force behind the planning for
the revolution. They take Major’s ideas and turn them into a
philosophy called ‘Animalism’ (pg23) which is taught to the
other animals.
•Support for these ideas is seen to be neither uniform nor
unanimous. Some animals react with ‘stupidity and apathy’
(pg24), some still feel loyalty towards Mr Jones. These
differences of opinion will bring problems later on.
•The Rebellion is a ‘sudden uprising’ (pg26) and happens
faster than any of the animals had imagined.
Characterisation:
Snowball and Napoleon
Read the opening page of Chapter 2. What
are your first impressions of Snowball and
Napoleon? Write a paragraph on each.
Snowball
What are your first impressions of Snowball? Find
words or phrases from the text to describe him.
Napoleon
What are your first impressions of Napoleon? Find
words or phrases from the text to describe him.
Compare and Contrast
How are Snowball and Napoleon similar and different?
Similarities
Pigs
They both want power
Differences
Snowball talks about his plans and
ideals.
Snowball keeps to the commandments
while Napoleon changes them “all
animals are equal but some are more
equal than others”
They both believe in
communist ideals.
Napoleon is a manipulator. He uses fear
and terror. Snowball helps the people
form committees to give them
education and political power.
They are both against
the establishment (MR.
Jones/humans)
Snowball wanted to spread
communism/animalism world wide.
Nepoleon wanted to keep it just in one
place.
Plenary
Volunteers read diary
entries out to the class.
Constructive criticism.
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Chapter 3
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To read Chapter 3
To compare and contrast the characters of
Snowball and Napoleon
To write a diary entry recording the events
of the rebellion
The Revolution
Read up to the
end of chapter 2.
Discuss with your
partner the key
events in the plot
and how the
characters are
portrayed.
The Great Rebellion
Imagine you are either Mr. Jones, Snowball or Napoleon.
Think about what happens in Chapter 2. What would you
think and feel about the rebellion?
Imagine that you keep a diary. Write a diary entry
describing the events of the rebellion.
Use the key features of effective diary writing:
•First person perspective
•Personal pronouns
•Use imaginative and vivid description
•Include the main events of Chapter 2
•Include your character’s thoughts and feelings
Extension Questions
1. List the seven commandments. Why are they
important?
2. Explain the idea of Animalism.
3. Look at the discussion between Snowball and
Mollie in Chapter 2. What does this conversation
reveal about each character?
4. What does Moses tell the animals? Why do the pigs
hate Moses?
5. What are the main causes of the rebellion in
Chapter 2?
6. What is the mood on the farm immediately
following the rebellion?
7. What do you think happens to the milk at the end
of Chapter 2? How could this seemingly minor
event have important consequences?
Animal Farm
• Objective – To investigate the events in Chapter 3
• Success Criteria
To have completed the character match up
To have revised my knowledge
To have assessed the key events in this chapter and made
notes on these
To have looked at the importance of the theme of conflict
and unity.
Who’s who?
Match up the description with the character
Boxer
Moses
Squealer
Clover
‘Mr Jones’s especial pet, was a spy and a tale-bearer, but he
was also a clever talker.’
‘a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar…not much of a
talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way.’
‘an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as
strong as any two ordinary horses put together.’
‘the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr. Jones’s trap’
Mollie
‘a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and
more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth
of character.’
Benjamin
‘a stout motherly mare approaching middle life.’
Napoleon
‘a brilliant talker…very persuasive’
Snowball
‘the oldest animal on the farm … He seldom talked, and when
he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark.’
Who’s who?
Match up the description with the character
Moses
Napoleon
Boxer
Mollie
‘Mr Jones’s especial pet, was a spy and a tale-bearer, but he
was also a clever talker.’
‘a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar…not much of a
talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way.’
‘an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as
strong as any two ordinary horses put together.’
‘the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr. Jones’s trap’
Snowball
‘a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and
more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth
of character.’
Clover
‘a stout motherly mare approaching middle life.’
Squealer
‘a brilliant talker…very persuasive’
Benjamin
‘the oldest animal on the farm … He seldom talked, and when
he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark.’
Chapter 3 Summary
• The pigs take charge
• The harvest is complete in record time, as the
animals work hard under the supervision of the
pigs
• The animals are taught to read and write by
Snowball
• Napoleon takes the puppies away to raise them
himself
• Squealer tells the animals that the pigs have
taken the apples and milk for everyone’s benefit
Why is Chapter 3 important?
Copy the following notes it to your books
•It shows the animals behaviour after the Rebellion is generally unselfish and as a
result they achieve greater success than before
•Boxer’s determination is contrasted with the behaviour of Mollie and the cat, who
can be described as parasites (they benefit from the others hard work withou
contributing themselves)
•Orwell draws the reader’s attention to the fact that the revolution and issues or
equality are not straightforward
•We see that Snowball is an innovator. He organises various committees in an
effort to help the animals
•There is conflict between Snowball and Napoleon
•We begin to see Squealer’s importance to the pigs
Unity and Conflict
• Orwell emphasises the animals’ unity and
creates a community in which individuals
work their hardest for the group.
• The animals behaviour seems to have
changed for the better
• However, the conflict between Snowball
and Napoleon disrupts this peace.
Napoleon dismisses Snowball’s work and
concentrates on building his own power.
Propaganda
As the pigs gain power on the farm they look
to ways of keeping it. One very effective way
is through the use of propaganda.
What is propaganda?
Propaganda is information put out by an
organization or government to promote a
policy, idea or cause. In the Communist USSR,
propaganda was often deceptive or distorted
information used to help the ruling group stay
in power.
Objective
• To assess a sample of group
interaction speaking and listening
assessments
• To have engaged in a group
discussion based on how Squealer
uses rhetorical techniques to
persuade the other animals?
Starter
Look at the grade boundaries, which
bullet points do you think you are good
at?
Based on this try and predict your result
Candidates 3 7-9
• listen closely and attentively, engaging with
what is heard through perceptive responses
• make significant contributions that move
discussions forward
• engage with others’ ideas and feelings,
recognising obvious bias or prejudice and
referring to precise detail.
Candidates: 4 – 10 12
• challenge, develop and respond to what they
hear in thoughtful and considerate ways,
seeking clarification through apt questions
• analyse and reflect on others’ ideas to clarify
issues and assumptions and develop the
discussion
• identify useful outcomes and help structure
discussion through purposeful contributions.
Candidates:5 13-16
• sustain concentrated listening, showing
understanding of complex ideas through
interrogating what is said
• shape direction and content of talk,
responding with flexibility to develop ideas
and challenge assumptions
• initiate, develop and sustain discussion
through encouraging participation and
interaction, resolving differences and
achieving positive outcomes.
Squealer’s Speech
In Animal Farm, propaganda is used to trick
and deceive.
The propaganda extolled, becomes a twisted
mass of lies and half-truths intended to hide
the reality of the situation from the animals. It is
used to confuse and bewilder them. And above
all, to stop them thinking for themselves.
Squealer is in charge of all the propaganda for
Napoleon. Every time something happens
which makes the animals question the way the
revolution is progressing, Squealer uses his
skills with language to persuade them that
everything is for the best.
Group Task – This task will go towards your group speaking and listening level
Look again at the final page of Chapter 3 and focus on Squealer’s speech to the
animals. How does he use rhetorical techniques to persuade the other animals?
Look out for:
•Rhetorical questions
•Repetition
•Hyperbole
•Emotive language
•Rule of three
•Alliteration
•Directly addressing the audience
•Short sentences
•Facts and opinions
Selection
Out of a mass of complex facts, the propagandist selects only those which support his
arguments and assertions.
Lying
Telling lies is always a major tool of the propagandist. Remember what Hitler said: ‘If you
tell a BIG LIE often enough and loudly enough people will begin to believe it.’
Repetition
If you keep repeating a statement again and again, it will eventually be accepted by
your listeners.
Pinpointing the enemy
The propagandist often tries to find an enemy, real or imagined, to attack. This unites
everybody against the 'enemy' and encourages them to stop thinking for themselves
(and to avoid viewing the propagandist as the enemy).
Assertion
The propagandist rarely argues. He just makes bold statements that he asserts to be
true -and goes on and on making them.
Rhetorical questions
The propagandist often peppers his speeches with questions which he intends to
answer himself. He does not want his listeners to answer them because he does not
want them to think. He will do their thinking for them.
Squealer
Group Task – This task will go
towards your group speaking and
listening level
Look again at the final page of
Chapter 3 and focus on Squealer’s
speech to the animals. How does he
use rhetorical techniques to persuade
the other animals?
Look out for:
•Rhetorical questions
•Repetition
•Hyperbole
•Emotive language
•Rule of three
•Alliteration
•Directly addressing the audience
•Short sentences
•Facts and opinions
Assessment Objective: *English/English Language AO1
Candidates:Band 1 -3
• respond to what they hear, showing some interest, including
non-verbalreactions
• make brief, occasional contributions and general statements in
discussion
• follow central ideas and possibilities in what they hear and
raise
straightforward questions.
Candidates:2 4-6
• respond positively to what they hear, including helpful requests
forexplanation and further detail
• make specific, relevant contributions to discussion
• allow others to express ideas or points of view that may differ
from their own and respond appropriately.
Candidates 3 7-9
• listen closely and attentively, engaging with what is heard
through perceptive responses
• make significant contributions that move discussions forward
• engage with others’ ideas and feelings, recognising obvious
bias or prejudice and referring to precise detail.
Candidates: 4 – 10 12
• challenge, develop and respond to what they hear in thoughtful
and considerate ways, seeking clarification through apt
questions
• analyse and reflect on others’ ideas to clarify issues and
assumptions and develop the discussion
• identify useful outcomes and help structure discussion through
purposeful contributions.
Candidates:5 13-16
• sustain concentrated listening, showing understanding of
complex ideas through interrogating what is said
• shape direction and content of talk, responding with flexibility
to develop ideas and challenge assumptions
• initiate, develop and sustain discussion through encouraging
participation and interaction, resolving differences and achieving
positive outcomes.
Squealer
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. How does he defend the pigs’ need for
milk and apples?
2. What facts does he use to reinforce his
argument?
3. How does he try to make the pigs sound
self-sacrificing and devoted to the success
of Animalism?
4. How does he use fear to enforce his point
of view?
Extension Questions
1. At the start of the chapter what motivates
the animals to work so hard?
2. How are Boxer and Benjamin different?
3. Which animals are the most active in the
debates?
4. Which animals organise and run the farm?
What sets them apart from other animals?
5. What happens to the newborn puppies?
Why do you think he wants them?
6. How does Orwell use foreshadowing in the
scene with the windfall apples at the end of
the chapter?
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Chapter 4
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To complete the table of events for
Chapter 4
To analyse key characters in detail
Table of Events
Complete the table recording the main events of the
first three chapters.
Chapter
1
2
3
Setting
Characters
Key Events
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To complete the table of events for
Chapter 4
To analyse key characters in detail
Starter
Refresh your memory read the following Chapter 4 summary
• News of the rebellion at Animal Farm spreads. The animals try to
promote revolutionary ideas of Animal Farm across the countryside.
• The farmers of the two neighbouring farms, Mr Frederick and Mr
Pilkington, scared that their own animals will revolt, take steps to
prevent an animal uprising
• Mr Jones attempts to recapture Animal Farm
• Snowball leads the animals to victory in the Battle of the Cowshed
Why is Chapter 4 important?
• Orwell reminds us of what the animals are
revolting against when he introduces the
humans
• The farmers suppress any signs of rebellion
on neighbouring farms
• Snowball is seen as a brilliant strategist
• Boxer’s compassion is emphasised when he
is upset at knocking the stable-lad
unconscious during the battle
• There are further signs that a hierarchy is
slowly developing. Napoleon and Snowball
direct events on the farm and the actions of
some animals are rewarded
Think about similarities between the society created by the animals
and that of our own. Complete the table below.
Our own society
A national anthem –
God Save the Queen
Awards for bravery
during war – The
Victoria Cross
Set of rules to live by
– The Ten
Commandments
Commemoration days
- Day of
Remembrance
A national flag –
Union Flag
Society created by the animals
Characterisation
Boxer appears frequently in the opening
chapters of Animal Farm.
Complete a character description on him
based on what you have read so far.
Consider Orwell’s description of the
characters, their actions, interactions and
the dialogue they use.
Boxer - What are your impressions of Boxer? and Use your own words to describe him Find
quotations from the text to support those points and explain what they tell us
Strong – “an enormous
Boxer is horrified when
beast”. He represents the
he thinks he might have
revolution’s most loyal
hurt he young boy .
disciple who is prepared to
make the biggest sacrifices
for the farm’s success
Represents the
proletariat and their
hopes for a better
future
He is brave and prepared to
defend the farm but his
violence is not pre-meditated
– he will only use as much
violence as is needed to
achieve his aims
Committed and honest
Slogan – “I will work harder” –
unquestioning faith in the pigs
Homework
Read Chapter 5
Answer Questions (due Thursday)
•
1. What further examples of the difference between the pigs and the other animals
occur in these two chapters?
•
2. What are Napoleon’s ideas about education?
•
3. How is Squealer able to convince the other animals to accept whatever Napoleon
decides?
•
4. Describe the Battle of the Cowshed.
•
5. What was Snowball’s part in this battle?
•
6. Where is Napoleon during the battle?
•
7. What is the significance of the gun’s placement at the foot of the flagpole?
Plenary
• Do like the character of Boxer?
• What redeeming qualities does he have?
Snowball
Like his allegorical counter-part, Trotsky, Snowball is seen as a capable leader. He anticipates
the humans’ attack and devises a carefully planned campaign in which the invaders are ambushed.
Snowball’s actions are later distorted by Napoleon to turn the animals against him and build up is
own reputation. Snowball can be ruthless, however – he dismisses human suffering saying “The
only good human being is a dead one.”
Mollie
What are your impressions of Mollie? Find quotations
from the text and use your own words to describe her.
Benjamin
What are your impressions of Benjamin? Find
quotations from the text and use your own words to
describe him.
Contrasting Characters
What have you learnt about Boxer, Mollie and Benjamin? Write a paragraph
about them explaining their differences. Use quotations from the text to
support your answer. Use the sentence starters below to begin.
Boxer, Mollie and Benjamin
Boxer is … Orwell describes him as … (description)
The way he … reveals … (actions/interactions)
Boxer says … which conveys … (dialogue)
In contrast Mollie …
Extension Questions
1. How does news of the rebellion spread across the
animal world?
2. What are Napoleon’s views on education?
3. How do the neighbouring farmers Pilkington and
Frederick react to events on Animal Farm?
4. What part did the following characters play in the
battle: Snowball, Mollie, Napoleon and Boxer?
5. What does the dialogue between Boxer and
Napoleon reveal about each character?
6. How do the animals celebrate the victory?
7. How does Orwell create a sense of foreboding at
the end of the chapter?
Homework: Satire
Animal Farm is a satire of the Russian Revolution and the rise of the USSR in the first
half of the Twentieth Century. Your task is to find out what the following characters
and events from the novel represent in European history.
Old Major
Mr Jones
Snowball
Napoleon
Animalism
Rebellion
Battle of the Cowshed
Mr. Frederick
Mr. Pilkington
Boxer
Squealer
Moses and Sugarcandy
Mountain
Animal Farm
Chapter 5
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To play ‘Pick a Number’ to consolidate
knowledge of Chapters One to Four
To read and discuss Chapter Five
To answer an essay question on Napoleon
Lenin and Stalin
The image below shows Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. Which
animals are they represented by in Animal Farm?
1
6
5
8
9
2
7
4
3
What is the name of
the song of the
rebellion?
‘I will work harder.’
Who says this?
What name is given to
the battle that takes
place in Chapter 4?
What honour is
awarded to Snowball
and Boxer in Chapter
4?
What was the name of
the farm before the
animals took control?
Describe the flag of
animal farm. What
does it symbolise?
Name the seven
commandments.
Animal Farm satirises
what historical event?
What word do the
animals use to address
each other after the
rebellion? What does
the word mean?
The Seizure of Power
Read up to the end of Chapter Five.
Discuss the key
events leading up
to the conflict
between
Napoleon and
Snowball.
Napoleon’s Rise to Power
In Chapter Five Napoleon seizes control of
the farm.
How does he achieve this?
Task
Your task is to write a short essay explaining how Napoleon
secures his position as leader of the farm.
Study Chapter Five carefully and pick out the key things
Napoleon does which help him seize power.
You have 30 minutes to write your essay.
Plenary
Volunteers read your
essays out to the class.
Constructive criticism.
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Chapter 6
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To explore the hierarchy of the farm
To read and discuss Chapter Six
To assess how the original ideals of
Animalism have changed
Chapter 6 - Life on the Farm
15/03/13
Objectives:
To explore the hierarchy of the farm
To read and discuss Chapter Six
To assess how the original ideals of Animalism have changed
Starter: Copy this
into your books
Although the animals have expelled the
hated farmer Mr Jones life on the farm is
tough: the work is physically very
demanding, living conditions are poor
and food is running low. The farm has
also developed a clear hierarchy with the
pigs at the top and animals such as the
sheep, cows and horses, at the bottom.
Farm Hierarchy
Copy the
diagram
The Windmill
Read up to the end of Chapter Six.
Discuss the key
events of the chapter.
Consider how Chapter
Six develops the plot,
characters and
themes of the novel.
Farm Hierarchy
Where would the following go
on the diagram?
The other animals
Napoleon
The dogs
The pigs
The pigs represent the
government. They are
intelligent and organise the
running of the farm.
The dogs enforce
the will of Napoleon
and the pigs. They
represent the police
and the army.
Napoleon is a
dictator. He
has complete
control of the
farm. He has
abolished
debates and
voting.
The other animals represent the workers.
They provide the labour which keeps the
farm running.
Farm Hierarchy
The pigs represent
the government.
They are intelligent
and organise the
running of the farm.
Napoleon
The pigs
The other
animals
represent the
workers.
They provide
the labour
which keeps
the farm
running.
The dogs
The other animals
Napoleon is a
dictator. He has
complete control of
the farm. He
abolishes debates
and voting.
The dogs enforce
the will of Napoleon
and the pigs. They
represent the police
and the army.
The Decline of Animalism
In the table below make notes about how the ideals of animalism
have been eroded under Napoleon’s regime. In the first column are
some of the original principles of Animalism, your task is to complete
the second column, explaining how each ideal has slowly disappeared.
Original Principle
All animals are equal
Animals have a right to
debate and vote
Man is the enemy of all
animals
No animal must ever live in
the farmhouse
The commandment – ‘No
animal shall sleep in a bed’
How the ideal has changed
The apples and milk are reserved for the pigs.
The pigs get up an hour later in the mornings than the
other animals.
The Decline of Animalism
Some suggestions which show the decline of the original ideals of
Animalism.
Original Principle
All animals are equal
How the ideal has changed
The apples and milk are reserved for the pigs.
The pigs get up an hour later in the mornings than the
other animals.
Animals have a right to
debate and vote
Snowball is expelled from the farm.
Debates are banned by Napoleon.
Man is the enemy of all
animals
Napoleon begins to trade with neighbouring human
farmers.
No animal must ever live in The pigs take up residence in the farmhouse.
the farmhouse
The commandment – ‘No The pigs sleep in beds in the farmhouse.
animal shall sleep in a bed’ The commandment is changed to ‘No animal shall sleep in
a bed with sheets’.
Extension Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Chapter Six begins with the line, ‘All that year the animals
worked like slaves.’ What is ironic about this sentence?
What difficulties do the animals face in Chapter Six?
Who always works harder than the other animals? What
are his mottoes? Why does he insist on working so hard?
Why does Napoleon begin to trade with neighbouring
farms?
How do the animals react to the idea of trading with
humans? How does Squealer reassure the animals?
How does the behaviour of the pigs change in Chapter Six?
Who is blamed for the destruction of the windmill? Why
does Napoleon want to place the blame on him?
How does Napoleon use the collapse of the windmill to his
advantage?
Plenary
Volunteers feedback
answers.
Discuss findings.
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Chapter 7
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To consolidate understanding of Chapters
Four to Six
To read and discuss Chapter Seven
To write empathetically about the events
of Chapter Seven.
Table of Events
Complete the table recording the main events of the
chapters four to six.
Chapter
4
5
6
Setting Characters
Key Events
The Purges
Read up to the end of
Chapter Seven.
Discuss the key events
of the chapter.
Consider how Chapter
Seven develops the
plot, characters and
themes of the novel.
After the Executions
Imagine you are either Benjamin, Clover,
Squealer or Napoleon. Think about what
happens in Chapter Seven. What would you
think and feel about the executions?
Imagine that you keep a diary. Write a diary entry
describing the events of Chapter Seven.
Use the key features of effective diary writing:
First person perspective
Personal pronouns
Use imaginative and vivid description
Include the main events of Chapter Seven
Include your character’s thoughts and feelings
Extension Questions
1.
2.
What is the real reason for the collapse of the windmill?
What happens in January that has terrible consequences for the
animals?
3. How do the pigs cover up the truth of what is happening from
the outside world?
4. Why do the hens rebel? What happens to them?
5. Why are Squealer and Napoleon keen to spread rumours about
Snowball’s attacks on the farm? What do they stand to gain?
6. How does Squealer attempt to rewrite history in this chapter?
7. Explain why the dogs attack Boxer.
8. Why do the animals confess to crimes they may not have
committed?
9. How do the executions affect the animals?
10. Why does Napoleon want the other animals to feel afraid?
11. Why is ‘Beasts of England’ banned? What is it replaced with?
12. How is the meaning of the new song different? What does this
reveal about the corruption of Animalism?
Plenary
Volunteers read diary
entries out to the class.
Constructive criticism.
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Chapter 8
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To explore the concept of allegory
To read and discuss Chapter Eight
To develop understanding of the
significance of The Battle of the Windmill
through hotseating
Allegory
On a simple level Animal Farm can be read as a fairy story
about a group of animals that rebel against their human
master and try to run the farm themselves. But the book also
works on a deeper level where Orwell is exploring ideas about
power, corruption and totalitarianism. This means that
Animal Farm is an allegory.
An allegory is a narrative with a
concealed meaning under the
surface. Allegories often have
social, political or moral messages
to convey. The characters in
Animal Farm represent real
historical figures from the era of
the USSR and events such as The
Battle of the Cowshed and the
executions mirror the real events
of World War One and The Purges.
The Battle of the Windmill
Read up to the end of
Chapter Eight.
Discuss the key
events of the chapter.
Consider how Chapter
Eight develops the
plot, characters and
themes of the novel.
In the Hotseat
In Chapter Eight the animals are cheated then attacked by the neighbouring
farmer Frederick and his men. The animals win the fight but suffer heavy
losses. Animals are killed and the windmill is destroyed for a second time.
Following the battle hotseat the main characters and discuss how they feel.
In the Hotseat
Split into groups of four. Each member of the group must assume the identity
of a character from the book (either Napoleon, Boxer, Squealer or
Benjamin). Your teacher will put forward a series of questions about the
events of Chapter Eight to each of the characters. Characters must respond
to the questions in detail and in role, showing a depth of understanding of
the character and plot. Some possible questions are included on the next
slide.
It was a great
victory
comrades!
Who might say that?
The number of
dead is
heartbreaking.
Life is worse now
than under Farmer
Jones…
Ideas for questions
The following are merely suggestions or starting points.
Responses should be detailed - conveying knowledge of plot,
character and themes.
1.How did you feel when the men first attacked the farm?
2.Why did the men destroy the windmill?
3.What did you do in the battle?
4.What motivated the animals to fight so hard?
5.Would you agree that the battle was a great victory?
6.How did you feel after the fighting was over?
7.What do you think the future holds for the animals of
Animal Farm?
Plenary
Volunteers present their
hotseating to the class.
Constructive criticism.
Extension Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
How is the Sixth Commandment changed? What could be
the consequences of this?
How has Napoleon’s behaviour changed in the opening
pages of Chapter Eight? What does this reveal about him?
Frederick and Pilkington represent which historical figures
from the 1930s?
What does Napoleon’s dealings with Frederick and
Pilkington say about Napoleon’s values and ideals?
What real life event does the Battle of the Windmill
represent?
What has caused Napoleon’s ‘illness’ in this Chapter? How
does this convey another corruption of the ideals of
Animalism?
What is Napoleon wearing when he is spotted in the
farmyard at half past nine at night? How does this image,
and Napoleon’s other behaviour, create a sense of
foreboding?
What is Squealer doing when he falls off the ladder?
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Chapter 9
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To complete the table of events for
chapters seven and eight
To read and discuss Chapter Nine
To answer a detailed essay question about
the events of Chapter Nine
Table of Events
Complete the table recording the main events of
Chapters Seven and Eight.
Chapter
7
8
Setting
Characters
Key Events
Goodbye Boxer
Read up to the end of Chapter Nine.
Discuss the key events of the chapter.
Consider how Chapter Nine develops the plot,
characters and themes of the novel.
‘Boxer was never seen again’
Read the following extract from Chapter Nine.
From: ‘However, Benjamin and Clover…’
To: ‘Boxer was never seen again’
Answer the following questions in detail:
1. How does Benjamin speak and behave in this extract? Use
quotations from the text in your answer.
2. How does Orwell create a sense of panic in this extract?
Use evidence from the text to support your answer.
3. How does this extract reveal the strength of friendship on
the farm? Use evidence from the text to support your
answer.
You have 30 minutes to write your answers.
Plenary
Volunteers read answers
out to the class.
Constructive criticism.
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Chapter Ten
Animal Farm Chapter 10
Objective: To analyse the pigs’ rise to power
Starter: Who are the people in this
photograph?
?
?
?
The Final Chapter
Compare your chapter
summaries/key events for
Chapter 10
What are the differences and
similarities?
Discuss the key events of the
final chapter. What
conclusions about the plot,
characters and themes of
the novel can be drawn?
How is this photograph connected to Animal
Farm?
Stalin
Roosevelt
Churchill
Power
The pigs
begin to
organise the
farm and
teach the
others
The milk disappears
Chapter 2
Chapter 10
Complete the graph showing the key events
in the rise of the pigs
Explain the significance of the following quotations
‘…out came Napoleon himself, majestically upright, casting
haughty glances from side to side, and with his dogs
gambolling round him. He carried a whip in his trotter.’
‘Henceforth the farm was to be known as the ‘Manor Farm’ –
which, he believed, was its correct original name.’
‘The creatures looked outside from pig to man, and from man
to pig, and from pig to man again: but already it was
impossible to say which was which.’
Plenary
1) Did you like the ending of the
novel?
2) Were there any question left
unanswered?
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Post Reading
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To recap character, plot and theme through
Blockbusters game
To analyse and discuss key quotes from Chapter
10
To explore the death of the principles of
Animalism
How to play Blockbusters
• Divide the class into two teams (a blue team and a white team).
• The quizmaster asks a question relating to a letter on the board (E.G.
‘What O is the surname of the author of Animal Farm?’).
• If the blue team answers first correctly then the quizmaster clicks
once on the letter and it will turn blue.
• If the white team answers first correctly then the quizmaster clicks
twice on the letter and it will turn white.
• If a team answers incorrectly the question is offered to the other
team. If they are both wrong the hexagon will go black (click three
times) and it is out of the game.
• The aim of the game is for each team to make their way across the
board. The blue team must make a complete line horizontally across
the board (all the hexagons must touch) and the white team must
make a complete a line vertically across the board.
• The first team to complete a line across the board is the winner.
• Have fun!
Start again
N
E
U
T
E
R
R
B
R
A
S
O
B
B
I
K
O
C
L
K
Start again
W
A
B
R
I
Y
O
D
G
S
F
H
J
T
Q
P
Z
V
L
C
Start again
P
M
I
V
L
C
X
W
G
K
E
F
N
J
O
B
S
Q
D
T
Key Quotes
On the following slides are three quotes from Chapter
Ten. Explain the significance of each one.
‘there was a tremendous
baying of dogs and a shrill
crowing from the black
cockerel, and out came
Napoleon himself,
majestically upright, casting
haughty glances from side
to side, and with his dogs
gambolling round him. He
carried a whip in his
trotter.’
Key Quotes
‘After that it did not seem strange when next day the pigs
who were supervising the work of the farm all carried
whips in their trotters. It did not seem strange to learn
that the pigs had bought themselves a wireless set, were
arranging to install a telephone, and had taken out
subscriptions to John Bull, TitBits, and the Daily Mirror. It
did not seem strange when Napoleon was seen strolling in
the farmhouse garden with a pipe in his mouth–no, not
even when the pigs took Mr. Jones's clothes out of the
wardrobes and put them on, Napoleon himself appearing in
a black coat, ratcatcher breeches, and leather leggings,
while his favourite sow appeared in the watered silk dress
which Mrs. Jones had been used to wear on Sundays.’
‘as the animals outside gazed at the scene, it seemed to them that
some strange thing was happening. What was it that had altered in the
faces of the pigs? Clover's old dim eyes flitted from one face to
another. Some of them had five chins, some had four, some had three.
But what was it that seemed to be melting and changing? Then, the
applause having come to an end, the company took up their cards and
continued the game that had been interrupted, and the animals crept
silently away.
But they had not gone twenty yards when they stopped short. An
uproar of voices was coming from the farmhouse. They rushed back
and looked through the window again. Yes, a violent quarrel was in
progress. There were shoutings, bangings on the table, sharp suspicious
glances, furious denials. The source of the trouble appeared to be that
Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington had each played an ace of spades
simultaneously.
Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No
question, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The
creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and
from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was
which.’
The Death of Animalism
By the end of the novel the ideals of Animalism are dead. Below are
the original Seven Commandments of Animalism. Explain how each
one has been corrupted under Napoleon's rule.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
Whatever goes upon four legs, or has
wings, is a friend.
No animal shall wear clothes.
No animal shall sleep in a bed.
No animal shall drink alcohol.
No animal shall kill any other animal.
All animals are equal.
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Post Reading
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To consolidate knowledge
and understanding of the
novel
Revision
There are six key aspects to revise. They are:
plot
social and
historical
context
characters
author’s
purpose
themes
language
Character
Create character portraits for Napoleon, Snowball, Boxer,
Benjamin and Squealer. Add as much detail as you can about
each one.
Snowball
Squealer
Benjamin
Boxer
Napoleon
Benjamin and Napoleon’s Memoirs
Imagine you are Benjamin or Napoleon as an older animal
remembering the early years of Animal Farm.
Think back to what happened. What do you feel about
the way the rebellion turned out?
Imagine that you are Benjamin or Napoleon writing your
memoirs about what happened.
You should include:
•the main events of the plot
•Your feelings about other characters
•How you feel about everything that happened
•Any regrets you may have
•How the experience affected your life
Plenary
Read out your memoirs to a partner
then ask them the following questions:
What is good about it?
How could I improve it?
Listen carefully to the suggestions.
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Post Reading
Animal Farm
Objectives:
To revise how Orwell
explores key themes in the
novel
To analyse potential essay questions
Themes
Unscramble the anagrams below. Each one is a key
theme dealt with in Animal Farm.
Anagram
wepor
deimials
ruproctoni
salcs
calisoims
darogpapna
tocoal cosinrl
inirtiotaaltams
Theme
Themes
Unscramble the anagrams below. Each one is a key
theme dealt with in Animal Farm.
Anagram
Theme
wepor
power
deimials
idealism
ruproctoni
corruption
salcs
class
calisoims
socialism
darogpapna
propaganda
tocoal cosinrl
social control
inirtiotaaltams
totalitarianism
Animal Farm themes
Create a themes mind map.
corruption
power
Animal
Farm
social control
idealism
Your mind map should be full of detailed notes and images
exploring how Orwell explores the key themes of the novel. If you
are not familiar with mind maps, some examples can be found on
the following slides.
How to set out your mind map
Essay Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
How does Napoleon use the dogs and the sheep to keep
control of the farm?
How does Squealer help to maintain the pigs’ position of
privilege.
Many of the animals are stronger than the pigs and they
are good fighters. Why do they not rebel against the
tyranny of the pigs?
How do the pigs spread suspicion and mistrust around the
farm?
How does Orwell use language to create suspense? Write
about two scenes in the novel where suspense is evident.
How does Orwell convey the corruption of idealism in
Animal Farm?
Imagine that Napoleon died at the Battle of the Cowshed
and Snowball became the leader of the farm. Would
Animal Farm have been different? Explain your answer in
detail.
Teacher-of-English.com
Animal Farm
Links
Links
BBC film about Animal Farm social
and historical context
Animal Farm animated film (whole
movie available online)
Animal Farm audio book read by
Timothy West
George Orwell website with online
texts