Transcript The Townshend Acts (cont.)

Chapter Objectives
Section 1: The Colonies Fight for Their
Rights
• Summarize events that fueled colonial
discontent. 
• Explain how the Stamp Act affected the
relationship between Britain and the colonies.
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Ch 4 vocabulary quiz
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1. This caused colonists to dislike the British because of
their lack of support against the Natives.
2. A British tax placed on all printed materials.
3. Group of American protesters led by Samuel Adams.
4. British laws passed to punish the colonies for the Boston
Tea Party.
5. Fighting that started the American Revolution.
6. Washington’s winter camp.
7. This forced American’s to pay for British soldiers.
8. An open search warrant.
9. Colonists dressed up like Indians to protest Br. Taxes.
10. Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine influencing colonists
to revolt against Britain.
Vocabulary quiz
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11. Ben Franklin’s plan to unite the colonies against the
French.
12. Crispus Attucks and 4 others were killed by British
soldiers.
13. Explanation to the world for the 13 colonies separating
from Britain.
14. Main writer of the Declaration of Independence.
15. 1st signer of the Declaration of Independence.
16. Author of Common Sense.
17. Who made the engraving of the Boston Massacre?
18. Where was the Declaration of Independence written?
19. Who warned the colonists the British were coming?
20. Modeled after the Iroquois League.
THE CHAIN OF
EVENTS LEADING TO
THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION
Causes of the French and Indian
War (1754-1763)
Rivalry between BR and FR
 Have fought The Hundred Years Wars
 Fought in Eur. and spread to America
 Both claim lands beyond the Appalachian
mtns.
 1754- BR builds Fort Necessity
 Control the Ohio valley
 21 year old George Washington is
defeated there by the French
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The War
FR and Indians v. British (colonists)
 Starts in America and spreads to Europe
 Benjamin Franklin proposes the Albany
Plan of Union (Albany Conference)
 Try to unify the colonies (recruit troops
and collect taxes for common defense)
 Modeled after the Iroquois League
 Rejected by the colonists
 Model for later govt.
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The War (cont’d)
 BR
calls it the Seven Years War
(1756-1763)
 William Pitt (BR PM) plan to win the
war
 BR raises taxes to pay for the war
 Battle of Quebec is the turning point
(Gen. James Wolfe)
The Treaty of Paris 1763
 FR
surrenders Canada
 BR gets lands E of the MS river
 FR keeps New Orleans
 BR returns Cuba to SP for FL
Effects of the French and Indian
War
 Colonists
lose respect for BR military
 Don’t think BR respects the colonies
 BR highest taxed people in the world
 Will want the colonies to pay for the
war
HISTORY
SLEUTH!
The author of the following excerpt from the
French and Indian War is unknown! Your job is
to read the excerpt, examine context clues,
compare them to the lecture information, and
make your decision on who wrote this letter! As
well, answer the following questions:
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Of what event is the author writing?
What opinion does the author have of the British
Army?
What opinion does the author have of the militiamen?
What is author’s opinion of officers?
What is the author’s opinion of himself?
To whom is the author writing the letter?
WHO IS THE AUTHOR?
The Colonies Grow Discontented
(cont.)
What policies did the British government adopt to help
pay its debts from the French and Indian War?
George Grenville, the British prime minister and lord
of the Treasury, implemented new tax policies in the
colonies to pay for the French and Indian War. One law
sent smugglers to a new vice-admiralty court run by
naval officers who were unsympathetic to smugglers.
The Sugar Act in the colonies changed tax rates for raw
sugar and molasses imported from foreign colonies. It
placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, pimento, and
indigo. To slow inflation, Parliament passed the Currency
Act of 1764. This banned the use of paper money in the
colonies, angering colonial farmers and artisans who
used paper money to pay back loans.
(pages 119–120)
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Critical Thinking
Evaluating Why do you think the British
were so willing to pass new taxes in the
face of colonial opposition?
The British passed new taxes despite
opposition because they needed the
money.
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How would you feel??
 If
you worked hard and sacrificed
everything to have money to buy
your own car??
 What if your parents wouldn’t let you
drive it??
 What if you had to ride the bus to
school?
 What if they gave it away?
Colonist move into lands beyond
the Appalachians
Indians feel threatened
 BR want lands to farm
 FR had traded with them
 Indians respond with Pontiac’s Rebellion
 Ottawa, Huron and Potawatomi Indians
 Attack BR forts
 Destroy all except Fort Pitt and Fort
Detroit
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Fort Pitt In 1758 the French abandoned and
burned Fort Duquesne. The English rebuilt it
and named it Fort Pitt. The nearby town was
names Pittsburgh.
BR response to Pontiac’s Rebellion
 Proclamation
of 1763
 King George III
 Closes land beyond Appalachians to
settlement
 Sign treaties with Indians
 Will enforce with military
 Colonists still go
BRITISH TAXES AND
ACTS THAT FUEL
THE REVOLUTION
Use writs of assistance to
enforce (open search
warrants)
Sugar Act
 1764
 Cut
duties on foreign molasses
 Keep colonies from smuggling
 BR seizes smuggling ships
 Smuggling cases tried in
BR(Admiralty Courts)
 Judges get 5% of all fines
Quartering Act
 1765
 Colonists
required to house and
supply BR soldiers
 To enforce Navigation Acts
Stamp Act
1765 (Lord Grenville PM)
 Tax on newspapers, pamphlets, legal
documents, etc
 Stamp placed on when taxed
 Affects all colonists (Direct tax)
 Colonists form the Stamp Act Congress
(James Otis)
 Argue this is “taxation without
representation”
 Samuel Adams forms the Sons of Liberty
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Samuel Adams
Stamp Act (cont’d)
 Boycott
BR goods
 Threaten officials
 Many leave
 1766- stamp act repealed (pressure
from BR merchants)
Tar and feathering
The Stamp Act Crisis (cont.)
What acts did Parliament pass to raise
money to pay for the government’s
expenses in America?
To raise more money to pay for the war,
Parliament passed the Stamp Act in 1765.
Stamps were required on most printed
materials. The Quartering Act, passed by
Parliament in 1765, forced the colonists to
pay more for their own defense by providing
places to stay for British troops in the
colonies.
(pages 120–122)
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Reviewing Themes
Civic Rights and Responsibilities
What argument did the Stamp Act
Congress make in protest against
the British taxes?
The Stamp Act Congress argued that the
colonists’ political representatives, not
Parliament, had the right to tax colonists.
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Declaratory Act
 1766
 Passed
by Parliament
 Have power to make laws for the
colonies “in all cases whatsoever”
 Colonists ticked off
Townshend Acts
1767
 Charles Townshend- Chief financial officer
 Indirect tax on all imported goods (tea,
glass and paper)
 Tax would pay royal officials
 1768-John Dickinson-Letters From a
Pennsylvania Farmer-Parliament can
regulate trade but duties was a form of
taxation
 Argues TWR!!!
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Townshend Acts (cont’d)
 Samuel
Adams and James Otis urge
petitions to end Townshend Act
 Colonists resist (Smuggling)
 Boycott BR goods
Review
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Who fought in the French and Indian War?
Why did the Indians side with the French?
What lands were the BR and FR competing for?
How did the F and I War make some colonists
dislike the BR?
What were the provisions of the Treaty of Paris of
1763?
What did the Indians do when Americans began
settling beyond the Appalachians?
What did King George III do to stop the fighting
between the Indians and the colonists?
Why did the Proclamation of 1763 upset many
colonists?
The Townshend Acts (cont.)
How did colonists react to the Townshend
Acts?
(pages 122–123)
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The Townshend Acts (cont.)
The Townshend Acts angered colonists. John Dickinson
published a series of essays called Letters from a
Pennsylvania Farmer, which stressed that only assemblies
elected by colonists had the right to tax them. Dickinson called
on colonists to resist the Townshend Acts. The Massachusetts
assembly began organizing resistance against Britain.
Merchants signed nonimportation agreements promising not
to import any goods from Britain. Virginia’s House of
Burgesses passed the Virginia Resolves, stating that only the
House had the right to tax Virginians. Leaders of the House of
Burgesses called a convention and passed a nonimportation
law blocking the sale of British goods in Virginia. Americans
stopped drinking British tea. The Daughters of Liberty began
spinning their own cloth instead of buying from Britain. The
Sons of Liberty encouraged colonists to support the boycott
of British goods.
(pages 122–123)
What is propaganda?
Can you think of any
propaganda occurring
today?
Boston Massacre
Oct.
1, 1768
–British forces sent to
Boston, MA
–Sent to enforce taxes and
maintain order
Boston Massacre
Colonists
despised taxes and
British troops
Considered them a foreign
presence
Taunted the troops, and
interfered with their work
Boston Massacre
March
5, 1770
–It was about nine PM
on Devonshire St.
–29th regiment came to
relieve troops at the
Customs House
–Met by an unruly crowd,
many of whom had just left
the local tavern
Boston Massacre
The
crowd began throwing
–Snow and ice balls
–Horse manure
–Anything else lying on the
street
Also yelling taunts at the
soldiers
Boston Massacre
Captain
Preston could not
control the crowd
Ordered his troops “Don’t
fire!”
Scared troops open fire,
killing three men instantly
Two more would die later
The Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre
 March
5, 1770
 A crowd threatens BR soldiers
 Crispus Attucks +4 are killed
 Soldiers are tried and found innocent
 Repeal Townshend Acts except on
tea
Boston Massacre
Supposedly,
the first man to
die was Crispus Attucks, a
black man
The funerals were
patriotic celebrations
The propaganda from
this event helped lead
to the Revolution
Captain Preston on Trial
Defended
by John Adams,
who disliked British troops,
but wanted a fair trial
Preston released, and only
two others found guilty of
lesser charges
Using
the information you
have just been given, come
up with ways the engraving
is misleading and how that
may have contributed to the
feelings of the colonists.
Paul Revere’s engraving of the
Boston Massacre
Trained by his father as a silversmith, Paul
Revere became one of America’s great artists. In
addition to his work in silver, Revere engraved
copper plates. One of his most famous
engravings depicting the Boston Massacre
appears on page 124 of your textbook.
Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
B 1. the loss of value of money
A. customs duty
A 2. a tax on imports and exports
__
B. inflation
__
D 3. a search warrant enabling
customs officers to enter any
location to look for evidence
of smuggling
C. nonimportation
agreement
__
C 4. a pledge by merchants not to
buy imported goods from a
particular source
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D. writ of assistance