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The French Resistance
World War 2
1939-1945
The Croix de Lorraine, the
symbol of the resistance
There were two breeds of maggots crawling
on the dead body of France—the obvious
and ubiquitous one in field grey, and the
not–so–obvious one who still wore a black
suit and went to the office every morning. It
was against both these breeds that the men
and women of the Resistance movement
directed their energies.
– From the Article, “France Resurgent” by
Peter Irving for The Spectator, Nov 3rd 1944
Resistance and Protest
by M. Druon and J. Kessel
Friend, do you hear
The black flight of crows
Over our plains?
Friend, do you hear
The faint cries from our land
In its chains?
Hey Partisans,
Workers and peasants,
The tocsin sounds!
Tonight, the enemy
Will know the price of blood
And tears
Fall of France
On February 17, 1943, under heavy security, Hitler made a uncommon front-line visit to von Manstein’s
headquarters at Zaporozhye, Ukraine.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_fall_france_campaign.shtml
“Whatever happens, the flame of French Resistance
must not and will not be extinguished.”
- Charles De Gaulle
(when he arrived in England)
Activities
Examples of Resistance sabotage.
De-railed engine and effect of sabotage
Blown up bridge in the Limousin Mountains
Hand written map on
exact placements of
charges
A Maquis sabotaged plane
Silence de la mer
Training camps
Poorly
equipped
resistance
fighter
Underground Work
Graffiti – ‘V’ for Victory and the
Croix de Lorraine
A COMEDY ABOUT THE FRENCH RESISTANCE…
The following clips deal with:
- Safe houses
To aid allied airmen in returning to
Britain to start fighting again
- Forged Papers
The cast of ‘Allo ‘Allo
- Communication through radio
- Disguises
Allied forces escaping France
would often wear disguises in
order to go from one place to
another unnoticed. In this case, the
British airmen are onion sellers
Michelle Dubois, (played by Kirsten Cooke) leader
of the Nouvion branch of the French Resistance
Rene Artois (played by Gorden Kaye) is the
local café owner. His café is used as a safe
house for shot down British airmen
A variety of underground press headlines: "l`Humanité" No. 165 - 5 June 1942,
"Combat", special issue - 5 June 1943, "Libération" No. 40 - 1 December 1943 (issue for
the southern area), "Courrier Français du Témoignage Chrétien" (a Christian paper)
Underground Newspapers
Supplied information to over 1,000,000 readers
Combat
Libération
Francs- Tireur
"Courrier Français du Témoignage Chrétien"
Musee de L’Homme
Défense de la France
L`Humanité
Combat
“From Resistance to Revolution”
- The head of the
Resistance group “Combat”
In 1957, at the early age of 44, Camus received the Nobel
Prize for Literature.
Albert Camus
- editor of the Combat newspaper
Défense de la France
Philippe Viannay- Editor
Hélène Mordkovitch (who later married Philippe Viannay)
had the unique job of keeping in charge of the machine
that printed the newspaper. She kept it hidden in the
physical geography laboratory
Citing the French
underground
resistance movement
by Chandler &
Price.
A clandestine radio made
from used parts by the
French Resistance.
Type A MK 3 Transmitter-receiver suitcase radio, used in the Rhone-Alps region underground movement
Examples of pyramid
structure.
Marguerite Garden
• carried secret papers
• helped arrange escape routes
for British and American air men
• Spy
Then
Now
This medal is France's highest honour
Consequences
Actual members of the Fer Réseau awaiting
execution at the hands of the Gestapo
Men caught trying to smuggle
across Vichy France border.
Men awaiting interrogation
Casket on Donkey
Victims of note
Major Helmut Kämpfe
Personal Memories
Andre
Scheinmann
Scheinmann in 1994
Berthe Fraser
John Morris in 2005.
Interview with John Morris
•
Transcript
•
Lucienne was a very strong person. She spoke some English or good English really,
but she tended to negate the idea. She said she didn’t speak English, but in fact she
did. She was a very able person, very strong personality; she had these two little
boys and she was still prepared to take tremendous risks for the likes of me. And I
discovered after the war that she had something like 40 airmen through her house,
mostly Americans, and been in grave danger all the time. But she survived … And so
the two of us got on our bikes, she’d got two bikes.
You and Lucienne?
Yes. And she was taking me on to somebody else, now I forget where to, but the big
thing was that we're riding on the road and came round a corner, and here are a lot of
German soldiers right across the road, and they were obviously digging defences or
doing something like that. Well, it was too late to turn round, and quick as a look she
fell off her bike, she fell off deliberately and fell so that she got grazed, you know, and
all of these young German soldiers rushed to help her because she was a really
attractive young woman, and I just rode on so nobody sort of noticed me. And after a
while when I got about 100 yards up the road, I turned round, and I thought, God, I’d
better go back, and she was lying on the ground at this stage, and she saw me and
saw what I was doing, and as soon as she saw me starting to come back, she
jumped up, you know, and made a sudden recovery and jumped on her bike to join
me and off we went. So lucky really.
And the Germans just let her go?
They were all astonished I suppose, but it’s amazing what an attractive young woman
can get away with.
•
•
•
•
Conseil Nationale de
la Resistance
Jean Moulin
An article from ‘the London Times’.
Battle of Normandy
French Forces of
the Interior
The Air Forces did their thundering bit
with bombs; when they left, the F.F.I, took
over, refreshing the damage.
- The Times
General Marie
Pierre Koenig
Propaganda posters
Detail of a French
Resistance (F.F.I.)
car.
French Resistance car: Citroën Traction.
FRANCE, WWII French resistance propaganda
matchbook, gives instructions how to derail trains, by
Diamond Match Company.
French partisans firing during the battle
for Paris. Screenshot from La Liberation
de Paris, September 1st, 1944.
Article from ‘The Times,’
circa 1944
Other
Contributions
The Liberation of Corsica
The Battle of Glieres
French Maquisards
The French Militia at Glieres
Memorial to the French Resistance fighters who died in
the Battle of Glières in 1944
Plateau of Glieres
Graves of those Maquis who risked their lives in the Battle of
Glieres
Support
The British Government supported the brave
efforts of the French Resistance by sending
over arms, supplies and bilingual secret agents
Albania
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Greece
Holland
Hungary
Norway
Poland
Russia
Yugoslavia
A statue
which stands
to represent all
soldiers who
fought for the
French
Resistance in
WWII.
These countries all had a form
of Resistance against the
Germans. They worked
together to support each
resistance group.
Sirois (center) and members of the French
resistance after the liberation of France in 1944.
• He was Cpl. Sirois of the Canadian Signal Corps
(originally from Saskatchewan)- blonde haired,
blue eyed and bilingual
• recruited as an undercover radio operator for the
French Resistance
• Sirois’s SOE unit was betrayed by an Allied
officer who was scared for his life
Sirois’s fake identification papers. He
was known as Andre Sirois.
• Sirois was awarded the French Croix de Guerre
in recognition of acts of bravery in the face of the
enemy, and made a Member of the Order of the
British Empire.
The Partisan
When they poured across the border
I was cautioned to surrender,
this I could not do;
I took my gun and vanished.
I have changed my name so often,
I’ve lost my wife and children
but I have many friends,
and some of them are with me.
An old woman gave us shelter,
kept us hidden in the garret,
then the soldiers came;
she died without a whisper.
There were three of us this morning
I’m the only one this evening
but I must go on;
the frontiers are my prison.
Oh, the wind, the wind is blowing,
through the graves the wind is blowing,
freedom soon will come;
then we’ll come from the shadows.
Les Allemands e’taient chez moi, (The Germans were at my home)
ils me dirent, “Signe toi,” (They said, “Sign yourself,”)
mais je n’ai pas peur; (But I am not afraid)
j’ai repris mon arme. (I have retaken my weapon.)
J’ai change’ cent fois de nom, (I have changed names a hundred times)
j’ai perdu femme et enfants (I have lost wife and children)
mais j’ai tant d’amis; (But I have so many friends)
j’ai la France entie`re. (I have all of France)
Un vieil homme dans un grenier (An old man, in an attic)
pour la nuit nous a cache’, (Hid us for the night)
les Allemands l’ont pris; (The Germans captured him)
il est mort sans surprise. (He died without surprise.)
Oh, the wind, the wind is blowing,
through the graves the wind is blowing,
freedom soon will come;
then we’ll come from the shadows.
-Leonard Cohen
Works Consulted/Cited
• http://www.shoaheducation.com/resistancesongs.html
• http://www.leonardcohensite.com/partisaneng.htm
• http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-1061/Albert-Camus#49067.hook
• http://worldatwar.net/article/glieres/index.html
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnhoughton/977854165/
• http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/us_doc/3_2_2_resistance.php
• http://charlottegraymovie.warnerbros.com/cmp/resistance.html
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/jprowland/489959565/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnhoughton/978712154/
• http://www.usask.ca/alumni/alumnisite/publications/green_white/issues/fall2005/cover_story.php
• http://charlottegraymovie.warnerbros.com/cmp/resistancepics01.html
• http://www.creativepro.com/story/feature/24476.html
•
http://www.warmuseums.nl/gal/041gal.htm