Transcript TSociology Chapter 16 Notes

Sociology: Chapter 16 Sec 1
“Collective Behavior and Social
Movements”
“Collective Behavior”
Standards: 6.1- 6.12, 8.1-8.11
Collective Behavior
 Collective Behavior: Spontaneous social behavior
that occurs when people try to develop common
solutions to unclear situations
 Collectivity: gathering of people who have limited
interaction and do not share clearly defined norms
or a sense of unity
 -Limited Interaction
 -Unclear Norms
 - Limited Unity
Crowds..
 Crowds: Temporary collection of people in close
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proximity
-Casual: movies
-Conventional: Ball Game
-Expressive: Rock Concert
-Acting: Riot
Mobs: Emotional, United, Violent
Riots: Eruption of people into disruptive action
Panic: Spontaneous, uncoordinated group action to escape
perceived threat
Moral Panic: Occurs when people become fearful about a
behavior that APPEARS to threaten morals of society
Mass Hysteria: Unfounded anxiety shared by people
scattered over a wide geographic area
*Salem witch trials
Fashions and Fads
 Fashion: Enthusiastic attachment among a large
number of people for particular styles and
behavior
 Fad: Unconventional thought popular for a short
period of time; Popular among young
 Rumor: Unverified piece of information that is
spread rapidly from one person to another
 “Chinese telephone experiment” Can vary from
person to person
 Urban Legend: Stories that teach lessons and
SEEM realistic; but are not… Read page 441
 *Write your own urban legend; remember the
rules: Teach a lesson; it is not true, but seems true
Public Opinion
 Public Opinion: How society feels about
issues
 Propaganda: Over exaggerated story used to
manipulate public opinion
 *Do propaganda poster depicting your
urban legend
Explaining Behavior
 Contagion Theory: Hypnotic power of the crowd
encourages people to give up individuality to the
stronger pull of the group
 Emergent Norm Theory: People conform to the
group even of they do not agree with the activity
 Value Added Theory: Preconditions for collective
behavior
 1. Structural Conduciveness: Rodney King tape;
acquittal, riots
 2. Structural Strain: Tension(Poverty)
 Leads to stress
 3. Growth of Generalized belief: “All police are
racist”
Value Added
 Triggering Event
 Mobilization for Action: When people feel
that leaders can or will not do anything,
they take actions into own hands
 Social Control: Nat’l Guard
 Each step must take place before the next
one for collective group behavior to occur
 Read p. 446
Sociology: Chapter 16 Sec 2
“Social Movements”
Social Movements
 Social Change: Alterations in various aspects over
time
 Social Movements: Long term conscious effort to
promote or prevent change
 3 Factors
 -Long Duration
 -Highly Structured and Organized
 -Deliberate attempt at change
 Types:
 Reactionary Movement: “Turn back the clock”
 - Return to traditional ways of acting and thinking
 Ex: Ku Klux Klan and segregation
Types…
 Conservative Movement: Try to protect,
what they see, as societies values
 Ex: Religious groups protecting “family
values”
 Revisionary Movements: Improve some
part of society; Women’s Suffrage
 Revolutionary Movement: Total and radical
change: Bolsheviks in Russia
Life Cycle of Social Movements
 1. Agitation: Emerge out of idea that a
problem exists-most movements die here
 2. Legitimatization: Movements find
formal/informal support
 3. Bureaucratization: Formal Movement
 4. Institutionalization: Becomes part of
society
 * Use civil rights movement as model
Explaining Movement
 Deprivation Theory: movements arise when large
numbers of people feel economically or socially
deprived
 -Absolute Deprivation: People lack one or more
social rewards
 -Relative Deprivation: People have lesser portion
of rewards than another group
 Resource Mobilization : Organization and
effective use of resources
 Theory: People w/o resources cannot bring change
 Those who do have resources should lead them
Sociology: Ch 16 Sec 3
“Social Change”
Standards: 5.6, 5.7, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12,
6.1-6.12
Social Change
 The more culture traits that exist, the faster culture
can change
 Each change brings about other changes
 Ex. Car: Changed the way that people traveled,
shopped, and lived
 WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE AN
AMERICAN?
 When you think of America, what do you think
of?
 Read: The 100 Percent American p.59
Six Factors of Social Change
 1. Values and Beliefs
 2. Technology
 3. Population
 4. Diffusion
 5. Physical Environment
 6. Wars and Conquest
1. Values and Beliefs
 Changes are more dramatic when part of an
ideology
 Ideology: System of beliefs that justify social,
moral, political, religious, or economic
interests/goals held by society
 Social Movement: “Long-Term” effort to promote
social change
 -Usually needs a large number of people to
“force” change
 Ex: American Civil Rights Movement (MLK
Film)
2. Technology
 Knowledge and tools that people use to
manipulate the environment
– Discovery: Recognition of NEW uses for
EXISTING elements (Electricity)
– Invention: Existing knowledge used to create
something new (Light Bulb)
– **Has very dramatic effects on the way people
live their lives
3. Population
 Number of inhabitants of a specific area
 Increases and decreases can affect economy and
physical environment
– Doubling Time: Formula used to ESTIMATE the
amount of time that it would take for the population in a
specific area to double
– Rule of 70: 70/Growth Rate = DT
– Ex: Earth (2000 Growth Rate= 1.4%) so 70/1.4% = 50
years… so…
– 2000 6.1 Billion People on earth
– 2050 12.2 Billion People will live on earth if growth
rate stays the same!!!
4. Diffusion
 Spreading of Culture
traits/complexes/patterns from one society
to another
 Ex: Baseball spreading from U.S. to Japan
 Reformulation: Process of adapting
borrowed culture traits to fit own society
 Ex: Japanese version of “Friends” w/
Japanese characters
– Japanese relate better to these characters
5. Physical Environment
 Food Variety (landscape)
 Movement (place to place)
 Natural disasters can facilitate (or speed up)
change (earthquakes…etc)
 Life on Earth would change dramatically if
an asteroid the size of Indiana were to
suddenly strike somewhere on the planet
6. Wars and Conquest
 Can dramatically change population,
environment, and political landscape in a
relatively short amount of time
 Brings about the MOST change in the
LEAST amount of time (broken families:
Anne Frank)
 We are Americans; We practice Democracy
 Our gov’t is overthrown and we are now
Communists
Resistance to Change
 1. Ethnocentrism: Believing that one’s own culture
is superior to all others
 If you think that the way you do things is the best
way, why would you want to change?
 2. Cultural Lag: One aspect of culture is
outgrowing another
 Internet vs. Privacy/Use Laws
 3. Vested Interests: If someone stands to “lose”
something as result of change, why would he/she
want things to change?
 Ex: Why would a representative in Congress vote
on a bill to make vehicles more fuel efficient when
he/she has millions of dollars tied up in the oil
industry? (Film: MLK)