Transcript The 8 Stages of

The 8 Stages of
Genocide
The killing of a group based on their religious beliefs,
ethnicity, race, etc.
Propaganda
Information, ideas, or rumors, deliberately
spread widely to help or harm a person,
group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
1: CLASSIFICATION
All cultures have categories to distinguish people into
"us and them.”
◦ ethnicity, race, religion, or nationality: German and Jew
◦ Classification is universally human and does not necessarily
result in genocide.
Is this seen at school? HOW?
How can we stop this?
Answer:
◦ Institutions that transcend (go beyond) ethnic or racial
divisions, that actively promote tolerance and understanding.
2: SYMBOLIZATION
We give names or other symbols to the classifications.
“Jews" or "Gypsies", or distinguish them by colors or
dress; and apply them to members of groups.
Symbolization is universally human and does not
necessarily result in genocide.
How can we stop this?
3: DEHUMANIZATION
One group denies the humanity of the other group.
Hate propaganda in print and on hate radios/TVs is
used to vilify the victim group.
Genocidal societies lack constitutional protection
for opposing speech.
4: ORGANIZATION
Genocide is always organized, usually by the state.
Special army units or militias are often trained and
armed.
Plans are made for genocidal killings.
◦ As mentioned in #3, genocidal societies lack protection.
5: POLARIZATION
Extremists drive the groups apart.
Extremist target moderates, intimidating and
silencing the center.
◦ The few who side with the oppressed would be silenced
themselves!
◦ Either join us or there are consequences for your actions.
6: PREPARATION
Victims are identified and separated out because of their
ethnic or religious identity.
Death lists are drawn up.
Members of victim groups are forced to wear identifying
symbols.
They are often segregated into ghettoes, forced into
concentration camps, or confined to a famine-struck region
and starved.
Mass Deportation from Turkey
7: EXTERMINATION
Extermination begins, and quickly becomes the mass killing.
◦ The technical, legal term is "genocide.“
It is "extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims to
be fully human.
◦ Remember, you dehumanized them in #3.
When it is sponsored by the state, the armed forces often work with militias
(local groups) to do the killing.
8: DENIAL
The perpetrators of genocide dig up the mass graves, burn the bodies, try to
cover up the evidence and intimidate the witnesses.
They deny that they committed any crimes, and often blame what happened
on the victims.
Nothing happens unless they are captured and a tribunal (trial) is established
to try them.
Can genocide still occur today?
Bosnia Herzegovina
1995 – 1999
Serbian Orthodox
◦ Leader: Slobodan Milosevic
◦ Died: heart attack in prison
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Catholics and Muslims
200,000
Ethnic, Religious
Cambodia
1975 – 1979
Khmer Rouge (communist)
◦ Leader: Pol Pot
◦ Died: peacefully
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Class Enemies, Muslims, City People
◦ Anyone against the regime
◦ especially intellectuals
Approx. 1.7 million
return Cambodia to a peasant state
China
1949 – 1987
People's Republic of China
(communist)
◦ Leader: Mao Ze Dong
◦ Died: peacefully
◦ People’s Republic of China Army
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Anti-Mao, Muslims, Christians
◦ Really anyone against Mao
40 million (30 million were from famine)
Political, Class, Religious, Ethnic
◦ Silence the Opposition!
Darfur (Sudan)
2003 – present
Government, Janjaweed, Arab militias
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Non-Arab population
250,000 plus
Ethnic, Political
Iraq
1961 – 2003
Government (Baath party)
◦ Leader: Saddam Hussein
◦ Died: found guilty and hung
◦ Iraq Army, Presidential Guards
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Kurds and Shiites
190,000
Political, religious, ethnic
Uganda
2011 (if law passes)
Government (Judicial Murder)
◦ Copied American fundamentalist
◦ In you know and don’t tell - JAIL
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Gay, lesbian, etc.
5% of population
Lifestyle Choice
Sudan
1985
Government and Muslim Militia
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Animist and Christians
200,000 (estimate – think it is higher)
◦ Millions Dislocated (removed/fled)
Religious
Rwanda
1994
Rwandan Armed Forces and Hutu militia
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Tutsi
◦ minority tribe
◦ moderate Hutu
800,000
Political, Ethnic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09awlxuOMlM
Democratic Republic of the Congo
1997 – present
Government, Congo Army, War Lord led militias
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Civilians
2.5 million
Political, Ethnic, Economic, Civil War
Kosovo
1998 – 1999
Serbian Orthodox Christians
Targeted Group(s):
◦ Albanian Muslims
400,000 Displaced
◦ Deaths unknown
Ethnic, Religious