Transcript Stalin`s Soviet Union

Stalin’s Soviet Union
(Russia)
p. 440
Lenin died in 1924.
• Communist Party leaders, including Josef
Stalin, believed he would still be effective if
put on display in a sealed glass
sarcophagus,
• in Red Square, Moscow.
Lenin’s Funeral
Lenin’s Tomb Today
Stalinism
• Lenin planned for the
proletariat to become the
government,
– Dictatorship of the ____
– proletariat
• The Russian people would
rule the country through the
Communist Party
• but Stalin would only
allow one ruler, himself.
“Five-year Plans”.
• EC: Stalin made goals that workers and leaders had to
meet at the end of the time they were given (4)
• Building heavy industry
– Steel
– Power plants
• Hydroelectric dams
• Improving transportation
– Railroads
– roads
• Increasing farm output
• Developing Resources
– Coal
– Petroleum
“Let us fulfill
the five-year
plan!”
Command economy:
• Government officials make all the economic
decisions— (3)
– What to make
– Price
– Who gets it
Work for the People
• Stalin’s Five-year Plans were very demanding
and had high quotas (number that had to be
met).
• What threats faced workers who failed to meet
the quotas?
• unsuccessful workers were arrested as traitors,
– many were imprisoned,
– some executed.
Work for the People
• EC: Successful workers saw few of the rewards
capitalist workers saw.
• Instead of pay raises, some got other incentives: (6)
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Promotions
Management positions
Fuel for winter
Basic food
Basic shelter
Health care.
Collectives:
• All farmers lost their lands that Lenin’s NEP
gave them.
• The state now told them what to grow
• they made no money from their produce.
• The government provided everything the
farmers needed
• Tractors
• Seed
• Fertilizer
• Better methods
Kulaks:
• Farmers who rebelled against
collectivization.
• They opposed Stalin by: (3)
• Killed their animals
• Destroyed their tools
• Burned their crops
EC: Stalin dealt with the Kulaks strictly:
he ordered …. (2)
• their leaders executed.
• many others arrested and taken to labor
camps
• Many peasants continued to resist.
– Stalin ordered all their grain confiscated
• 1932, saw the ______ take place.
– “Terror Famine”
» Five to eight million died in Ukraine, alone.
Gulag
• System of labor camps where Soviet
government sent prisoners.
• Goal was to kill many through hard, pointless
work, starvation, and illness.
• Many Soviets cooperated with the government
out of fear of arrest and going to a gulag.
EC: The government controlled all
information and expression. (3)
• No free press
• News was approved or was written by
government writers
• No protest was allowed
– Grumblers or critics were arrested and
imprisoned or shot on the spot.
Great Purge:
• Stalin feared opponents in his own party
and government.
– In 1934, he arrested Communist Party
members and activists.
– EC: He replaced them with new people he
picked. (4)
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Military officers
Industrial leaders
Ordinary citizens
Writers and artists
EC: Stalin’s purges
succeeded in: (3)
–Eliminating critics and challengers
–Gaining total control of the entire
nation
–Making sure all individuals knew
what would happen if they did not
obey
EC: Stalin failed in that (2)
• Many skilled and creative people were
killed or driven out
– Weakened invention and creativity
• Weakened most of the military
– Experienced officers killed
• Replaced by politicos, not soldiers
– Would be a serious weakness when Germany invades in
1941.
The Arts:
• Socialist Realism:
• Art that showed
–Soviet life as good
–that communism was the best
answer to everyone’s future
happiness and safety.
Painting, sculpture
Young pioneers; future
engineers
WW II Memorial; Volgagrad
(Stalingrad)
Painting,
Celebrating hard farm work for
the people
Stalin and the Party Planners,
Watched over by Lenin…..
Painting
Work hard for the people’s
success!
Communism rewards those
who help it!
Architecture
Central Train Station, Riga, Latvia
Moscow State University Building
Russification:
• Causing other cultures to adopt Russian culture.
– The USSR was Russia (RSFSR) and 10 other ethnic states.
• EC: Like the Czar, the Communist Party felt it necessary
to force the ethnic minorities to act and communicate like
Russians. (4)
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Local schools only taught Russian language and subjects
Businesses and employees forced to use Russian language only
Russians sent to rule and administrate the ethnic states
Natives who “Russified” were awarded better job and social
positions.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Atheism:
• Belief that a god does not exist.
• The Stalinist government believed that religion made
people think less about the government.
– EC: Communists made atheism the state policy: (7)
• Priests arrested or killed in purges, sent to gulags
• Religious people persecuted
• Church land confiscated
– Church buildings confiscated and turned into meeting halls,
schools, theaters.
• Teaching religion to children was outlawed
– Punished as counterrevolutionary activity
• Hebrew banned
• Islam officially discouraged
EC: Women in the Soviet Union
• Revolutionary heroines such as ____ (Lenin’s wife) and
were role models. (2)
• Nadezhda Krupskaya
• Alexandra Kollontai
• Women won social and legal equality (3)
– Education
– Wide variety of job opportunities
• Medicine
• Engineering
• Science
• Industrial
• Agriculture
– Equal pay
The Soviet Union and the World:
• The USSR did not get along with the capitalist
powers: (4)
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US,
Britain,
France,
Japan
• Lenin felt that he had to promote worldwide
Communist revolution.
The Soviet Union and the World:
• Comintern:
• The Communist International, formed in 1919. Agents
would promote global revolution by helping revolutionary
groups in other countries. EC (7)
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China
US
Japan
Italy
Germany
Britain
France
• They also encouraged colonial people to fight against
their Imperialist masters.
image, 441
• Describe the effect of the Five-Year plans
on steel and brown coal output.
• The output for each more than
quadrupled. (<400% increase)
Standards Check, p. 442:
• How did Stalin take control of the Soviet
Union’s economic life?
• Stalin’s government took control of all
businesses, distributed all resources, and
made all basic economic decisions.
image, 442
• Describe the effect of Stalin’s ruthless
policies on the production of oats, wheat
and potatoes
• Output of potatoes, wheat, and oats all fell
between 1928 and 1932
• These are staple (needed and usually
affordable to MOST people) foods.
Map Skills, 443
• Questions
• 2 How does the map help explain why Russia
was the most influential republic in the Soviet
Union?
• Russia was the largest republic
– The capital, Moscow, was located there.
• 3 What does the number of labor camps in the
Soviet Union indicate about Stalin’s rule?
• That Stalin needed the threat of labor camps to
guarantee his dominance.
Standards Check, 443
• In what ways did Stalin’s terror tactics
harm the Soviet Union?
• The country lost many of its intellectual
and military leaders.
Standards Check, 445
• How did Stalin use censorship and
propaganda to support his rule?
• Stalin used censorship and propaganda to
glorify his work and stifle those who did
not agree with him.
Image, 445
• How might the policy of destroying
churches in such a public way have
backfired on the party?
• For the religious, it would encourage
secret worship
• They would also dislike the Communist
Party
“Stalinism” was not what Karl Marx or Lenin
prescribed.
Marxism-Leninism Stalinism (3)
• All citizens would be equal
• All citizens would enjoy
the best of the state
• All citizens would be
sincere Communists
• Communist Party members and
special heroes were more
important than others
• CP members and elites had the
biggest homes, got cars, could
travel to resorts, shop at special
stores (no shortages)
• Many CP members and elites
used communism to promote
themselves
– CP members and elites had only
one danger in their lives: Stalin’s
purges.
Standard of Life under Stalin
Benefits
Drawbacks
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Free education
Technological and university
education
Educated workers
State cultural and athletic
events
Best encouraged to join the CP
Free health care
Day care for pre-school children
Inexpensive housing
Basic foods plentiful
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Best schools for smartest,
strongest
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New ideas were suspicious
Education, atheism, glory of
collectivism, and love of Stalin
Most lives planned by state.
Actually, this worked.
Actually, this worked
Often cramped apartments
Except meat, fresh fruit, many
vegetables.
Image ,446
• How does this photograph reflect the drawbacks
of a centrally planned command economy?
• The people in the photograph seem to be living
in cramped conditions.
– Indicates the failure of planning to meet people’s
needs.
Standards Check, 446
• How did Communist schools benefit the
state and the Communist party?
• Schools taught communist values, but also
gave more students opportunities for
higher education and extracurricular
programs.
Standards Check, 447
• How did the Soviet Union’s foreign policy
goals contradict one another?
• Aided revolutionary groups in other
countries
• Urged colonial people to rise up against
imperialist powers
Quick Write
• Did Stalin’s Soviet Union reflect the way
Marx believed Communism should be
run? Explain.
Stalinist Propaganda