Transcript Pioneer Girl 495O

Pioneer Girl
495O
 Genre: Nonfiction
 The true story of the McCance family
homesteaders.
 Selection Summary:
 Grace McCance and her family face the
harsh reality of being homesteaders on
the Nebraska prairie in the 1880’s.
Background
496A
 Remember this theme is about people
who lived a long time ago, when settlers
were establishing homes on the plains.
 We’re about to read about a family that
settled in Nebraska.
 Does anyone know anything about life on
the frontier long ago?
 Read “Claiming the Land” 496-497
Background
496A
 Let’s discuss these key vocabulary
 pioneer
 homesteaders
 prairie
 immigrants
 fertile
 discouraged
 sod
Vocabulary
497A
PB 293
 claim: a piece of land claimed by a
settler
 convinced: caused to believe
 discouraged: in low spirits and without
hope
 heifer: a young cow
 fertile: rich in material needed to grow
plants
Vocabulary
497A
 homestead: a farmhouse, its buildings,
and the land it sits on
 immigrants: people who leave their
native country to settle in another
country
 prairie: a large area of flat or rolling
grassland
 sod: a chunk of grassy soil held together
by matted roots
Vocabulary Link
 disputes: arguments or quarrels
 grazed: put animals out to feed on growing
grass
 range: a wide area of open land where animals
can wander
 content: happy with how things are
 barbed wire: long metal strands with sharp
hooks that are used on fences
Phonics/Decoding Skills
497A
What are our Phonics/Decoding
skills?
They are chunking, words we
know, beginning and endings,
affixes, syllables, try different
vowel sounds, base words or root
words, blending, look carefully
Phonics/Decoding Skills
497A
Poppie hunted for roof boards
that had blown away and set to
work rebuilding the roof.
Help me figure out this word.
Use your phonics/decoding skills
Decoding
Reading Strategy
Question
497B
As you read about a pioneer family
in the 1880’s, think of questions
that you can ask your classmates
about details of their life.
By asking yourself questions about
characters and events can help you
better understand.
Comprehension Skill
Question
Trans 5-10
497C
PB 294
What is a K-W-L chart?
Comp Skill- Comparing Information from
More Than One Source
 It is good to use more than one source when





researching a topic.
Reasons are: varied info, more info, and you will be able
to compare for accuracy.
1. accuracy: who is the author and is he qualified?
2. completeness: is it general or specific information?
3. Timeliness: how recent is the info?
4. Bias: what is the author’s purpose? Is it full of
opinions or one sided?
Comp Skill- Propaganda
501
 Propaganda is information or ideas used
to influence how others think. These are
the ways to influence others.
 overgeneralization: Makes general
statements based on only a few facts.
 testimonial: Uses a celebrity or an
expert to make a statement supporting
a product.
Comp Skill- Propaganda
(cont)
501
 bandwagon: Persuades consumers to do
something because “everyone else” is doing it.
 flattery: making customers feel “smart”
 transfer: Associates a person with a product
so that consumers will transfer their
admiration for the person to the product.
 faulty cause and effect: Says consumers
will be happier simply as a result of using
the product.
Decoding Longer Words
519E PB 298
Stressed and Unstressed Syllables
 The new farm brought both adventures and
hardships.
 A syllable is a word part that has one vowel
sound.
 Words with more than one syllable, one of
the syllable has the most stress, or emphasis.
 In this word ad VEN tures
 Let’s practice on these words remarkable,
ancestor, cabbage, certificate,
Stressed and Unstressed Syllables
Say it several times
Clap to see where syllables are
Many times it is the first syllable
Use a dictionary, the one that is
bolded is the stressed
Phonics
Word Beginnings a-, be519F
 Recognizing the sounds that the letter a and
the letters be can stand for at the beginning
of words can help you decode new words.
 When a letter a stands alone as a separate
syllable at the beginning of a word, it usually
stands for the schwa sound
 When the letters be stand alone as a
separate syllable at the beginning of a word,
they usually stand for /bi/
Phonics
519F
(cont)
Word Beginnings a-, be She had sent along jackets, dresses, and
petticoats she did not want anymore.
 Help me figure out this word using our
Phonics/Decoding strategies.
 Help me decode these words:
 The fields were ablaze.
 They arrived before you did.
 Don’t go there alone.
Spelling
519G
Unstressed Syllables
PB 299
 When you see new words of more than
one syllable, note the spelling of any
unclear vowel sounds in unstressed
syllables.
 Ex. dozen, distance, destroy – the
underlined vowels are unstressed and
are not always spelled the way they
sound.
Spelling
519G
(cont)
Unstressed Syllables PB 299
 Find the unstressed syllables in these
words:
voyage, native, notice
 The final /ij/, /iv/, /is/ are spelled
/age/, /ive/, and /ice/, these occur in
unstressed syllables.
 knowledge
 The edge pattern is a less common
spelling for the final /ij/ sounds.
Synonyms
PB 300
 What are synonyms?
 Synonyms are words that mean the same or
almost the same.
 Tell me the synonyms for these word:
 journey
 answer
 prisoner
 fairness
 twelve
 prohibit
Vocabulary Skills
Dictionary: Suffixes
519I
PB 302
 The darkness, black and thick as velvet, was
ripped apart by a terrible blue flash of
lightning.
 What does dark mean?
 If you come across a word like this that they
recognize the base word but not the suffix
attached to it, you may be able to figure out
the word’s meaning by looking up the meaning of
the suffix in the dictionary.
 Dictionaries list suffixes in ABC order
Vocabulary Skills
Dictionary: Suffixes
519I PB 302
(cont)
 -ful (“full of” or “characterized by”)
 -less (“without”)
 -ly (“in a specified manner” or “have the characteristics
of”)
 -ment (“act, action, or process” or “state of being acted
upon”)
 -ion (“action or process” or “results of an action or
process”)
 ness – condition or quality
Suffixes
Suffixes are
word parts
added to base
words or word
roots that will
change the
meaning of the
word.
Grammar Skills
Possessive Pronouns
519K
Trans 5-13
PB 303
 A possessive pronoun shows ownership.
my, your, his, her, its, our, and
their appear before nouns that
are subjects.
mine, yours, his, hers, its,
ours, and theirs stand alone and
replace nouns in a sentence.
Grammar Skills
519K
Contractions with Pronouns Trans 5-14 PB 304
A contraction is a shortened form
of two words.
You can combine pronouns with the
verbs am, is, are, will, would,
have, has, and had to form
contractions.
Use an apostrophe in place of the
dropped letter or letters.
Inference
 Inference worksheet
 Reading Standard – 2.3
 Inference means what conclusion can
you come up with after reading a
passage.
 Use story clues to figure out something
the author doesn’t tell you.
 Read between the lines.
Main Ideas
 Main Idea worksheet
 Reading Standard 2.3 – ALS
 Main Idea worksheet
 Main Ideas –What is the main
point of the passage or
paragraph.
 What is the topic of the
paragraph
Theme
 Theme worksheet
 Reading Standard 2.3 – ALS
 Main Ideas –What is the main point of
the passage or paragraph.
 What is the topic of the paragraph
Improving Your Writing
519L
PB 305
Using its and it’s
A good writer is careful not to
confuse the possessive pronoun
its with the contraction it’s.
 Its my belief that a cow uses it’s
tail to swish away flies.
 Corrected: It’s my belief that a cow
uses its tail to swish away flies.
Combining Sentences with Pronouns
519N
Trans 5-16 PB 307
A good way to streamline writing
is to combine short, choppy
sentences that have repeated
pronouns or nouns into one
sentence.
Spiral Review
Fact and Opinion
519Q
 A fact is a statement that can be proved true or
false. Facts can usually be checked in a reference
source.
 An opinion is a judgment cannot be proved true or
false. It often contains clue words such as
probably, think, believe, should, feel, and best.
 Tell me if these are facts or opinions:
 Millions of years ago, glaciers covered the land.
 Lightning on the prairie can be terrifying.
 The house was a “sorry-looking mess.”
 They found half of the marriage certificate.
Spiral Review
Suffixes
519R
-ous (“full of”)
-ward (“in the direction of”)
-ive (“inclined to”)
-ic (“relating to”)
-ed (“past tense”)
-ing (“continuous action”)
Spiral Review
Suffixes
519R
-ly (“forms and adverb from an
adjective”)
-ness (“state or quality of”)
-ment (“state or quality of”)
-ful (“full of”)
-less (“without”)
Suffixes
Suffixes are
word parts
added to base
words or word
roots that will
change the
meaning of the
word
Spelling Test
 1. dozen
 11. captive
 3. forbid
 13. solid
 2. voyage
 4. native
 5. language
 6. destroy
 7. notice
 8. distance
 9. carrot
 10. knowledge
 12. spinach
 14. justice
 15. ashamed
 16. program
 17. message
 18. respond
 19. service
 20. relative
Challenge Words
adapt
discourage
cooperative
apprentice
somber
Study Guide