Transcript 1. Describe US expansion around the world

World Expansion
How a thirst for more land led to
the conflict known as the “Great
War.”
Objective #1:
1. Describe U.S. expansion around the world? Name two
future states who’s territory was added to the U.S. in this time period (What was a nickname for one?). How did the U.S. gain them? What –ism created the need for more
land, and what did we want from the new territory?
I. U.S. EXPANSION (OBJ #1)
A. ‘Isolation’ keeps America Out
Policy to stay out of world affairs
(Policy since Washington/Jefferson)
Settling ‘West’ over (Manifest Destiny)
B. End of Isolation
1. INDUSTRIALIZED
Need RAW MATERIAL
(Keep factories going)
Need NEW MARKETS
(Place to sell goods)
2. Competition Around World
a. Europe dividing up world into
colonies
C. Geographic Expansion (where U.S. Grew)
1. Seward’s Folly (Alaska)
a . Bought from Russia (1867) @ 2
cents/acre
b. Public Upset – (Gold! changes minds)
2. Hawaiian Annexation
a. U.S. takes lead to keep Europe Out
b. SUGAR Industry get BIG
-Queen Liliuokalani takes power / limits
power of U.S. sugar growers
c. U.S. Growers overthrow Queen
- Hawaii is Annexed- 1900
3. America Somoa (Coaling Station for
U.S. Navy)
The
Queen
Sugar
Alaska was called “Polar Bear
Garden” or Ice Garden at
first!!!
fields
D. What fueled this expansion?
IMPERIALISM
1. The actions used by one
nation to exercise political or
economic control over a
weaker nation
a. Europe & America
gaining land around world
2. Great White Fleet- 1907
a. T. Roosevelt paints
American ships white
and sends it around the
world on tour
b. SHOWS AMERICAN
POWER
Route of the Great
White Fleet
U.S. Imperialism and the Great War (1890s-1910s)
Objective #2:
Describe the causes and effects of the Spanish American
War. What event did Yellow Journalist use to get Americans behind the war? Name the
Spanish territory gained by the U.S.. What area of the world did the U.S. gain the most
power in after the war?
II. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (OBJ #2)
A. The Cuban Spark (1898)
1. Cubans rebel against Spain
(Jose Marti)
a. America Interested (why?)
2. Yellow Journalism
a. Newspapers Write about
Spanish Cruelty
3. USS MAINE EXPLODES!!!
a. President McKinley sends
Maine to Cuba
b. Yellow Journalist say
Spanish blew up ship
-Really was an accident (Spain not
dumb)
- Kills 260 American Sailors
The wreckage of the Maine
Puck magazine published this
cartoon depicting Cuba's difficult
situation in the 1890s
Look closely at the headline:
B. WAR with SPAIN
1. Battle starts in Philippines
US Navy attacks Spanish Navy
2. Battles in Cuba
a. U.S troops enter Cuba
b. More troops killed by disease
than bullets
3. RESULT- “A splendid little War!!!”
a. America Wins an Empire
-U.S. Takes:
Cuba- Independent, but US can intervene if it
wants
Puerto Rico- Limited self- rule but are U.S.
citizens
GUAM & PUERTO RICO sold to US for
$20million
Philippines- Want Independence!!- Fight
U.S.
**Not given until 1946 (after WWII)
Objective #3:
Explain the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. What
major U.S. accomplishment symbolized America’s power? What natural barriers did the
U.S. overcome to build it? What famous saying was used by Teddy Roosevelt and why
would other countries in the area not like U.S. policy?
III. Relations with Central & South America
A. Monroe Doctrine
1. Europe needs to say out of N. & S.
America
2. Roosevelt Corollary (Added to
Monroe Doctrine)
a. Right of the U.S. to preserve
law and order in Central & South
America
b. “Walk softly and carry a big
stick”
-1905 Dominican Republic
couldn’t pay debt so U.S. Navy
collected taxes
What is this cartoon
showing? What is the
opinion of the artist? How
can you tell?
1. How does this artist depict Teddy Roosevelt? Why would he do this?
2. What else do you see in the picture? Explain
The United States as a World
Power
c. RESULTS:
-American troops enter several countries
(Mexico, Dom. Republic, Haiti, Hondurus)
- Latin Am. with severe dislike of U.S.
B. PANAMA CANAL
1. Panama Isthmus (50mi.)
a. Mountains, Malaria, Columbia Owns it
2. Panamanian Revolution
a. US helps Panamanians when Columbia
refuse canal deal
3. Beating Mother Nature
a. 1st problem – DISEASE (malaria)
-Drained and cleaned to cut down mosquito
b. 2nd problem- Engineering
-Cut through rock & mountains
-Used a locks to raise and drop ships 85ft.
4. FINISHED – 1914 1st ship travels through
a. American fleet can now get through
to Pacific and Atlantic Ocean
b. Cuts 7000mi. off trip from NY to SF
Dr. Gorgas
How the canal works:
Objective #4
Describe the events that led to World War I. What three major
ism’s played a role in starting war? Describe the Alliance System. What event (and
where) acted as the spark to WWI? How long after the war started did the U.S. join,
why?
Imperialism and Africa: What
had the European Nations
done to the Continent of
Africa? Why were they able to
do this?
IV. Causes of WORLD WAR I (OBJ #4)
A. The 3 –ISM’s
1. Imperialism – The actions used by
one nation to exercise political or
economic control over smaller or
weaker nations
a. Cased by competition from
Industrialism
b. Countries need new Markets &
Raw Materials for factories
2. Nationalism – Strong feelings of
pride and loyalty for a country or
culture
a. Competition means people start
cheering for their country to win
land & become proud
3. Militarism- Development and
building up of armies and navies for
competition
Imperialism and the Balance of
Power
Alliance System
B. Alliance System1. Secret treaties signed to
protect each country from the
others with all the –ism’s
a.Triple Alliance
-Germany –Austro Hungarian
-Ottoman Empire
b. Triple Entente (ahhntahnt)
- Great Britain - France
- Russia (Add Japan & Italy)
Germany
Declares war on
Germany Russia
Russia Vows
To protect
Serbia
Declares war
on France
Archduke Franz
Fernidand, heir to
Germany invades
Great Britain Declares Austrian Throne, is
Belgium
assassinated by a
War on Germany
Serbian Nationalist
Austria/Hungary
declares war on
Serbia
The ‘Spark’
2. The Spark: Sarajevo 1914
a. Archduke Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungarian Empire
assassinated by Serb
nationalist
b. Austria Hungary- Blames
Serbia and makes demands
c. Russia- Protect “Fellow
Slavs” (Serbians)
Archduke Ferdinand and his wife
Alliance System comes into play
Analyze: Looking at the map, what
advantage do the Allied powers have?
3. Alliance System goes into affect
a. Countries Mobilize armies (get
ready)
b. Austri-Hungary Declares war on
Serbia
c. Russia Prepares for War
w/ Austria
d. Germany tells Russia to Stop
e. Germany attacks France, hoping
to win quickly and then deal with
Russia (enters BELGIUM)
f. Great Britain has alliance w/ Fr.
& Russia
**NO STOPPING ONCE IT
STARTED!!!!
American Reaction… what is the
ism that applies???
C. America’s Neutrality
1. Immigrants = 1/3 population and
many like home country
2. Trade, can make $ for selling to
both sides
-British blockade Germany and take
goods
**Is U.S. really neutral
-U-Boats Torpedo ships going to
Britain
3. Isolationism still U.S. Policy
-Wilson elected- “He kept us out
of war”
D. The WAR (1915) (OBJ #4)
1. The industrialization of warfare:
New Technology Kills
a. machine gun: Can fire up to 600
bullets a minute (the equivalent
of 250 men with rifles)
b. Poison Gas: Chlorine, Phosphane,
mustard gas used by Germans
c. Airplanes
-Germans used Zeppelins- Blimp
d. U-Boats (Submarines)
-Sank supply ships going to Britain
-Helps to bring Am. into War
German infantrymen operating a
e. Tanks: response to Trench
machine gun during World War I.
Warfare
2. Results: Trench Warfare
-Miles of trenches, dirty, muddy, horrible
-Tanks end trenches but too late
-mainly due to invention: Machine Gun
**Generals fight ‘Old’ Way= Millions
Killed
American troops wearing gas masks during World War I.
The soldier at left, unable to get his mask on in time,
clutches his throat as he breathes in the poisonous gas
5. Identify the major events surrounding the end of World War I.
What role did the U.S. play in ending World War I? How did the ‘Home Front’ support American
efforts? How did the U.S. & Allied plans differ on how to treat the losers? Who in the United States
opposed the Treaty of Versailles* (why)? What U.S. holiday was created on the day WWI ended?
(U.S. Ch. 23 pgs. 733-739 / A.J. Ch. 23 pgs. 674-678)
A. End of Neutrality
1. German U-boat Policy (subs)
-Germany will sink all ships going to
Allies
-German u-boats sink the Lusitania, a
British passenger ship from New York
killing 1,000 (128 Americans)
2. Zimmerman Telegram
-Germany tries to get Mexico to start war
with U.S. (Get back lost land)
3. Russians Withdraw
-Bolsheviks overthrow Czar (Communist)
-Lenin withdraws Troops
***AMERICA ENTERS- April 1917***
What’s happening at the time:
- British Starving
- French Refusing to Fight
- Russians Withdraw
- U-boats Sinking Many Ships
B. The War at Home
1. Supplies for the War
a. Factories need workers (men at war)
-Women, African Americans
-Af. Am. Out of South
(Great Migration)
b. Paying for Supplies
-Liberty Bonds (Let gov’t borrow $$)
-Higher Taxes
2. Propaganda – Ideas or information
designed and spread to influence opinion
a. Used by all countries to get citizens
support
b. Posters / Radio / Newspapers all have
messages against the “Bad Guys”
- Many Based on Race & Stereotypes
How does this ad play to
your emotion? How does it
make you feel?
Surrender of German Uboats at end of WWI
C. The War Ends (Revenge Begins)
1. American Troops Refresh Allies
a. Gen. Pershing Refuses to let
Americans serve under allies
(keeps them separate)
b. Germany can’t keep up once
Fresh American army shows up.
c. Germans request Armistice
11/11/18 (what holiday is this day
today????)
-Germans shocked because of
propaganda
-Wilson stops fighting w/conditions
Wilson’s attempt at Peace
2. Wilson’s Struggle for Peace
a. Wilson’s 14 Points (Peace
Plan)
-New Nations (end European
Empires)
-End to secret treaties
b. League of Nations
-Countries to meet to resolve
problems
-Talking instead of fighting
c. Opposition to Wilson
-Allies want REVENGE against
Germany (France for invading)
-Payment of Reparations (Bill
for War)
Official end of the “Great War”
3. Treaty of Versailles- 1919
a. Europeans kill Wilson’s plans
b. Many Americans don’t like
treaty
-League of Nations? Tied to
Old Europe??
-German Am. see it as too
harsh
Leaders meeting at Versailles
c. SENATE REJECTS
TREATY
-Goes back to Isolationism
Describe the evolution of the
foreign policy of the United States:
Provide a caption for each picture:
Predict what is happening!!!