Transcript Folie 1
Strategies for Sustainable Energy Supply in the Cities of Latin America ForoInternacional Bogotá - Berlin - Bejing Challenges and Solutions for Megacities Bogota, 2nd October 2008 Dr. Volker Stelzer ITAS – Institute for Technical Estimation and System Analysis (ITAS) 1. Dr. Volker Stelzer Content Content • Energy • Dangers and sideeffects • Possible solutions • Final suggestions 2 Dr. Volker Stelzer KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Energy Energy: Energy from the environment that is converted by technology for human needs Function of energy: ● Mechanical energy (e.g. transportation, machines, communication) ● Light ● Heat (e.g. for production processes, houses) ● Cold (e.g. refrigerators, houses, chemical industry) ● Save human energy ● Income for a part of the economy ● Income for a part the population Reaching sustainability goals: ● Protection of human health ● Ensuring the satisfaction of basic needs ● Sustainable development of man-made capital 3 Dr. Volker Stelzer KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Dangers What are the dangers for a save energy availability? • Accessibility (household) • Amount (High costs, short running of energy source, political intervention) • Interruption of the energy supply (weather, political intervention, accidents, failure of infrastructure) Negative sideeffects from energy use: • Destruction of the environments (e.g. opencast mines, petroleum conveyers, masts, dams) • Producing (environment) toxicological substances (e.g. SO2, NOX, radioactivity, VOC, PM 2.5, CO2, CH4, N2O) • Costs for the city • Costs for the economy • Costs for citizens 4 Dr. Volker Stelzer KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Solutions I How is it possible to implement a save, sufficient and flexible energy supply system with little negative effects? ● Energy efficiency in Household, Industry, traffic ● Urban planing ● Behaviour ● Built up big fossil or atomic power plants: advantage: High amount of energy, disadvantages: low efficiency, high risk when having problems, maybe high future costs for the public sector (rising prices, inflexibility of raw material, short running of energy raw material) ● Decentralization of the energy production (production places, sources for the energy / row material) ● Local resources (e.g. sludge, organic waste, green space, roofs) ● Renewable energy (sun, wind, hydro, ocean, geothermal) ● Energy storage ● Build up an efficient energy net ● Modern energy management ● Realistic view of the following effects and costs (including the waste treatment, possible accidents, costs for the government) 5 Dr. Volker Stelzer KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Solutions II Reasons for state intervention: • Ever there are people that have a benefit from the existence of the old system. Often this groups take al there influence that the new system will not be realised. • The costs for a new system normally are higher than of an existing system • The user often are accustomed at the old system Measures: • Exact analysis of the local situation including realistic prognosis or scenarios of at least 10 years (energy demand, energy efficiency potential, local resources for energy production and -storage …) • Research in new energy technologies and solutions • Propaganda • Education • Competitions 6 Dr. Volker Stelzer KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Final suggestions What is to do to create a sustainable and modern energy situation 1. Realistic analysis of the local situation 2. Promote energy efficiency 3. Use local renewable Energy sources 4. The rest with renewables from larger distances and from fossil sources (but with highest energy efficiency and reduction of toxic emissions) 5. Help of the government is necessary 7 Dr. Volker Stelzer KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Thank you for your attention For more information: [email protected] and: http://www.risk-habitat-megacity.ufz.de/ 8. Dr. Volker Stelzer