Transcript Heritage buildings

ENERGY RENOVATION OF HERITAGE
BUILDINGS – NATIONAL GUIDELINES AND
FINANCING PRINCIPLE
Miha TOMŠIČ, Mihael MIRTIČ, Marjana ŠIJANEC ZAVRL, Miha PRAZNIK,
Breda MIHELIČ, Damjana GANTAR, Sabina MUJKIĆ, Nina GORŠIČ
Building and Civil Engineering Institute ZRMK, Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected]
The EU legislative framework and heritage buildings (1)
EPBD and EED
EE performance requirements <-> EE obligations
EPBD (among other):
• energy performance certificates, EPC
(for example: not
mandatory for heritage buildings in Slovenia)
• minimum energy performance requirements for the
major renovation of buildings and for the replacement or
retrofit of building elements
• lists of national financial measures to improve the
energy efficiency of buildings
The EU legislative framework and heritage buildings (2)
EED (among other):
• energy efficient renovations to at least 3% of buildings owned
and occupied by central government
• governments should only purchase buildings which are highly
energy efficient
• draw-up long-term national building renovation strategies
which can be included in their National Energy Efficiency Action
Plans
- provide an overview of the country's
national building stock
- identify key policies that the country
intends to use to stimulate renovations
- provide an estimate of the expected
energy savings that will result from
renovations
EED Article 5
The Namur Declaration (April 2015)
Cultural heritage in the 21th century for living better together.
Towards a common strategy for Europe.
The Namur Declaration defines the objectives and priorities for a
future common European Heritage Strategy which the European
ministers responsible for cultural heritage strive to adopt by the end
of 2016.
The Ministries call for this Strategy to be developed in close
cooperation with the European Union, UNESCO and other international
stakeholders and to offer a vision and 10-year framework for
actions and to promote a shared and unifying approach to heritage
management.
The EU year of cultural heritage 2018
Energy efficiency renovation of heritage buildings –
specific boundary conditions
Cultural heritage
protection
regime
Diagnose
Idea, plan
Implementation
Operation
Analysis
Technical,
financial etc.
options
Quality control
Monitoring
Two important general issues related to energy efficiency
(EE) renovation of heritage buildings
• Technical
 Which measures are allowed?
 General guidelines and/or specific demands?
 How good are the EE indicators after the renovation?
Fact:
The investments-to-savings ratio (value-for-money) is less favourable
and the potential for upgrading the energy performance is lower.
• Financial
 Are there special funds available for (major-, deep-, energy
efficiency-, …) renovation of heritage buildings?
 Do heritage buildings have to compete with others for funding on
equal terms or is there a compensation mechanism („heritage
factor“) in place?
Relative importance of impacts:
The key difference: ranking of measures
„Normal“ buildings:
According to energy efficiency indicators
(kWh, C02, …).
Heritage buildings:
According to the impact on
protected features.
None
Low
Neutral
High
Very high
Heritage buildings and energy efficiency –
The Slovenian context
 The national long term strategy for mobilizing
investments into EE renovation of buildings (October
2015) mentions cultural heritage buildings and points to
their significance and related limitations in the overall
context.
 It announces a set of related activities, and stresses the
need for training and capacity building on the side of
contractors (new materials, products and techniques;
new demands).
Relation to EED: Government buildings
 Mostly: „a useful floor area over 250 m2“.
 As a rule: „do not meet the national minimum energy
performance requirements“.
 Part of the „inventory of heated and/or cooled central
government buildings“ serving as „the basis for the
calculation of the 3% refurbishment rate“.
 Obstacle: right now the registry of cultural heritage does not
specify which features of a building are the basis for such
classification
 it is not possible to give precise predictions for this portion
of the building stock.
Issues to be solved:
 Technical guidelines for EE renovation of cultural heritage
buildings needed (among other to unify the approach of
heritage professionals/authorities)
 Financing of EE renovation of cultural heritage buildings
(Programming Period 2014-2020;
214 M EUR of planned EE investments)
 Inclusion into the 3% renovation rate
(Cultural heritage buildings represent a 39 % share
of the total floor area of public bodies’ buildings)
Co-financing of renovation: an example
 Subsidies and eco loans programmes 2008-2015
59% of all co-financed measures were not applicable
to cultural heritage buildings.
Such as:
- thermal insulation of the building envelope
- replacement of existing windows
- solar thermal systems
- deep/nZEB/passive house renovation
How to tackle the open issues?
EE / buildings
Ministry of
Infrastructure
Heritage
buildings
Ministry
of
Culture
How to tackle the open issues?
 2015: a three-fold project to
solve these issues following a
public call
 Client:
Ministry of Infrastructure
 Expert committee:
Ministry of Culture, Institute for
the Protection of Cultural
Heritage of Slovenia, Ministry of
Public Administration
 Consortium:
Institute of Urban Planning of
the Republic of Slovenia,
Building and Civil Engineering
Institute ZRMK
Tasks / output:
 Guidelines for energy efficient renovation of cultural
heritage buildings
 Practical demonstration of the use of the guidelines
 Elaboration of the „heritage factor“ to enable positive
discrimination of cultural heritage buildings in financing
schemes
 Project end: January 2016
(Models & examples: Austria, UK, Ireland, Sweden, Brussels, ICOMOS France …)
The wider context:
http://renovate-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/131009_Paul-Hodson_Art-4-EED-Renovate-Europe-Day.pdf
The Guidelines: basics
 Key point: EE renovation shall be a part of an integral
(not „major“ or „deep“ in EE terms) renovation of a
cultural heritage building.
 „Basic“ features shall be dealt with first:
safety, stability, seismic protection, protection against
moisture etc.
  Required activities:
-
desk and field analyses and measurements;
monitoring;
energy audit;
identification of the status quo;
evaluation of possible solutions.
Procedure adapted from prEN16883, CEN 2015
The Guidelines: content
A. Description of research and analytical methods
B. Parameters of indoor environment and thermal comfort
C. Identification of EE renovation needs – „how to“
D. Overview of measures
1. Thermal envelope
2. HVAC
3. RES
4. Organisational measures
The Guidelines: content
An example of ranking of measures in the technical
guidelines with respect to their influence/impact upon
protected features of a building:
External wall
Ceiling and
floor
Roof
Thermal insulation of the walls from the outside
Very high
Thermal insulation of the walls from the inside
Neutral
Thermal insultion of the ceiling towards the unheated
attic
None
Thermal insulation of the floor above unheated space
Low
Thermal insulation of the floor on ground
Neutral
Thermal insulation of the roof
Neutral
The Guidelines: content
Practical demonstration
Practical demonstration
„The Heritage Factor“ (positive discrimination)
Starting points:
 Criteria of co-financing schemes are mostly quantitative
(individual or combinations):
- energy or energy-related indicators;
- scope of renovation;
- investment to savings ratio etc.
 Cultural heritage buildings are not competitive because of
numerous restrictions not allowing „logical“ EE measures.
 Investments in such buildings are usually higher.
 It is virtually impossible to compare individual cultural
heritage buildings and assess (expected) savings.
„The Heritage Factor“ (positive discrimination)
 Another weak point:
lack of a comprehensive database on cultural heritage
buildings.
 For these reasons (checked on practical cases) it was not
possible to elaborate an „algorithm“, a „formula“ or indeed a
„corrective factor“ which would be used in evaluation of
tenders.
  A proposal for a tailored entry- and awarding
methodology (incl. mandatory documentation)
 A two-step protocol
„The Heritage Factor“ (positive discrimination)
Need to solve two main questions:
1. How to bring cultural heritage buildings into the play –
„crossing the entry point“?
2. How to enable financing of (a smaller number or share
of) EE measures allowed by institutes for protection of
cultural heritage?
NOTE:
A precondition to participate in a call for tenders (EE topic)
is an adequate functionality of a building (minimum building
technical requirements).
„The Heritage Factor“ (positive discrimination)
1. „Compare the building with itself“
If cultural heritage restrictions define a certain measure as
„not allowed“ it is still taken into account in calculations using
the minimum („entry“) value as stated in the call.
If a comprehensive indicator is targeted and the call does not
define individual/partial indicators leading to it, then it shall
define which input parameters are to be used in case of
measures restricted by cultural heritage protection rules.
The compliance is thus proven by using the minimum criteria
for „discriminated“ measures in calculations.
„The Heritage Factor“ (positive discrimination)
2. „Finance what is allowed“
The measures (improving EE) which are allowed receive their
specific share of financing.
If a measure can‘t be fully implemented it is financed
proportionally regarding the minimum call criteria.
Minimum shares and upper limits of cofinancing shall be
defined for each call individually.
It is recommended to include financing of preliminary
inspections and analyses.
Some final thoughts:
Energy efficiency renovation is not only about achieving energy
and related cost savings and reducing impacts on the
environment.
Among other, it helps extend the lifetime of building
constructions and materials.
It also improves indoor quality, especially thermal comfort,
and influences positive perception of the living and working
spaces, thus raising user satisfaction.
All this is true for heritage buildings, too.
The crucial point is finding the right balance between protecting
the historical features and allowing interventions that don‘t
compromise cultural values while improving some other
(„measurable“) ones.
To help keeping things up …
Thank you for your attention!