Transcript Canadian Presentation - Passive Fire Protection Partners

Firestopping Technical
Training Seminar
© Copyright 2016, Passive Fire Protection Partners
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Contact…………...Passive
Fire Protection Partners.
1412 Derwent Way, Annacis Island
Delta B.C., Canada V3M-6H9
Toll Free
1.800.810.1788
Fax
1.604.515.1783
Internet
htpp://www.firestop.com
Email
[email protected]
2
Head Office and Manufacturing Plant
3
Delta, British Columbia
Active vs. Passive Fire
Protection

Active Fire Protection defines actively extinguishing a fire
 firefighters
 sprinkler systems

Passive Fire Protection is the containment of fire via the use of
construction materials
 fire separations
 fire doors
 firestopping
Many people believe that Passive Fire Protection began in the mid
80’s as a result of the Las Vegas MGM Grand Hotel fire which
killed 85 people.
The fire started on the 1st floor, 68 died on the 23rd floor of
asphyxia from smoke and gas which travelled through curtainwall
joints, penetrations and ducts.
Background of Firestopping
5

World War II - Passive Fire Protection & firestopping
was first used in warships

1950’s - Insurance Industry (FM) concerned with
property loss in large industrial plants. Fire
separations were developed to isolate million dollar
machines from one another. Loss during a FIRE
would be limited to one machine instead of all
machines. Firestopping was developed to maintain
the integrity of these fire separations when
penetrated for services.

1980’s - Mandated into the building codes to limit
the movement of FIRE AND SMOKE within a
building. Concern was not only for property damage
but also for loss of life.
Building And Industry Codes
6
NBC
National Building Code of Canada
BCBC
British Columbia Building Code
City of
Vancouver Building By-Law
NFPA
National Safety Code
WHAT IS THE INTENT
OF THE
BUILDING CODE?



7
health and safety
document
to maximize life safety
and minimize property
damage.
accomplished by
constructing buildings
that contain fire and
smoke within fire
compartments.
Deaths In Building Fires
Year
1990
Total
4181
Toxic Smoke
2986 (73%)
Burned
1138 (26%)
Source: NFPA Journal 1994
8
Smoke Seal



9
Limits to Smoke Movement - Every building shall be designed to
limit the danger to occupants and fire fighters from exposure to
smoke in a building fire.
When considering a smoke seal in or around the perimeter of
fire separations the sealant should be able to withstand the
time/temperature curve of the fire separation and overall fire
compartment (1000ºC+).
Common sense would dictate that smoke seals should be a
mandatory requirement of the building code for all high
occupancy buildings not just high buildings.
Smoke Management
Smoke travels up to 50 feet per minute in a developing fire
300 feet per minute in a fully engaged fire.
All fire separations must stop the spread of
SMOKE AND FIRE
Life Safety
10
What causes death in a fire?





11
Direct exposure to flame (physical burns) is not the major
killer.
Toxic smoke and/or hot gases inhalation (asphyxia)
causes over 75% of fire related deaths.
Rigid materials and insulating materials DO NOT STOP
SMOKE
Smoke sealants DO NOT STOP FIRE
State of the art firestop products protect against
both FIRE and SMOKE, not one or the other.
Definition of:
Fire Compartment
Fire Compartment or Fire Zone:


12
an enclosed space in a building that is separated from all other
parts of the building by enclosing construction providing a fire
separation having a required fire-resistance rating.
Fire Compartments are designed into all buildings except
residential single family dwellings
Definition of:
Fire Separation
Fire Separation:
13

a construction assembly that acts as a barrier against the
spread of fire.

a fire separation may or may not have a fire-resistance rating.
Definition of:
Fire Resistance Rating
Fire Resistance Rating:

14
the time in hours or fraction thereof that a material or assembly
of materials will withstand the passage of flame and the
transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specified
conditions of test and performance criteria (ref. NBC Part 1)
Constructing These
Definitions

Fire Compartments are a series of
“fireproof” boxes created during the
construction process

Having 6 or more sides:




15
4 walls
1 floor
1 ceiling
Each box will contain a fully engulfed
fire (+1000ºC) for a known period of
time
Constructing These
Definitions


Each wall or floor/ceiling assembly are known as Fire Separations
These assemblies are constructed using materials such as concrete,
concrete block and drywall with metal or wood studs
2 hrs

16
Fire Separations have been tested to establish their known Fire
Resistance Rating or burn-through time
How Many Fire Compartments?
Exit Stairs
10
P
u
b
l
I
c
1
2
3
4
12
C
o
r
r
I
d
o
r
5
Fire 6
Separations
9
11
Exit Stairs
17
7
8
8 SUITE
APARTMENT
FLOOR
What Temperatures Are Fire
Compartments Tested to
Withstand?
5 min.
30 min.
1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
4 hours
538º C
1000º F
843º C
1550º F
927º C
1700º F
1010º C
1850º F
1052º C
1925º F
1093º C
2000º F
All CAN/ULC S-101 fire separations and CAN/ULC S-115
firestop systems are tested to this time/temperature curve.
18
Regulated Construction
Products
19

All passive fire protection products are classified as regulated
construction products. This is a mandatory requirement.

Products must be tested to the requirements of the recognized
standard by an Accredited Third Party Testing Agency in
order to comply with the Building Codes.

Third part testing gives Further Assurance that products will
perform to their tested and listed uses.

Always refer to Fire Resistance Directories.
What is Firestopping?



20
The installation of a Firestop System is to maintain or
regain the fire resistance rating of a fire separation that
has openings (service penetrations, open cavities or
joints) that could allow fire or smoke to pass to any other
part of the building or to the interior of an adjoining hollow
fire separation.
All Firestop Systems must be tested and listed by
accredited third party testing agency for their
appropriate use.
Firestop Systems can be single or multiple component.
Noncombustible
Construction

21
Many buildings are constructed as Noncombustible under the
National Building Code
Most government buildings as follows:
 Hospitals and Health Care
 Universities and schools
 Federal and provincial prisons
 Hydro projects and nuclear power plants
Most new Federal Government specifications call for
firestop and smoke seals to be installed around all
penetrating items as well as smoke seals anywhere
dissimilar fire separations meet. (i.e... GWB to concrete
floor/ceiling assemblies.)
Test Methods & Standards
CAN/ULC S-101
Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building
Construction Materials
CAN/ULC S-115
Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems
CAN/ULC S-102
Standard Method of Testing for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials and Assemblies
CAN/ULC S-114
Standard Method of test for determination of Non-combustibility in
Building Materials
22
Testing Agencies
Accredited by the
Standards Council of Canada (SCC)

Warnock Hersey (IntetekTesting Service)
– WH mark

Underwriters Laboratories of Canada

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (US)
are widely recognized for fire endurance testing
throughout Canada.
23
UL’s Newest Mark
Canada / United States
FILL VOID OR CAVITY MATERIALS
CLASSIFIED BY
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.®
FOR USE IN THROUGH PENETRATION
AND JOINT SYSTEMS
SEE UL FIRE RESISTANCE DIRECTORY
24
25
FOLLOW UP
INSPECTION SERVICES




26
ULC, UL and Warnock Hersey
All manufacturers listed in their Fire Resistive
Directories
Inspections are done randomly, 4 times a year
Materials and Procedures must be identical to the
previous inspection or you must re test
Manufacturers who give a Report Number, not a
Listed Systems Design Number, are not included in
the Follow - Up Inspection Program (a “Buyer
Beware” attitude should be taken)
The “MARK” & Product
Labeling Misconceptions

The testing agency MARK in most cases does not substantiate
the wording “Firestop Sealant” on a product label. Products
with this label do not necessarily STOP FIRE by themselves.
Most are smoke sealants to be used as part of a multicomponent system. Their labels do not inform of this.

The MARK on the product package NEVER implies it will stop
fire. The only thing that is certified by the testing agency is the
systems design in the testing agencies current fire resistance
directory.
NOTE: Firestop test standards do not cover longevity,
compatibility or toxicity testing.
27
Where to Firestop and Smoke
Seal?
Service Penetrations
 Where a fire separation has been penetrated for services, a
firestop system is installed in the annular space around the
penetrating item OR in an open void if a penetrating item is not
present.
Construction/Expansion Joints
 Where fire separations meet, a firestop system is installed in the
joint or void (i.e.. concrete slabs to curtain wall assemblies or GWB
fire separations to dissimilar surfaces).
28
Solid Core Fire Separation
Concrete or concrete block.
When penetrating the interior of
concrete block, its faces must
be capped when there is a
hollow fire separation above in
order to prevent the movement
of fire and smoke between the
separations.
Each 2” of reinforced concrete
considered to give 60 Minutes
of fire protection.
29
2”
60 min
4”
120 min
6”
180 min
Hollow Core Fire Separations
1 hour




Single or multiple layers of
drywall
open cavities for fire or
smoke to move within
Rule of thumb: Each layer of
5/8” Type “X” drywall has a
tested burn through time of
30 minutes
Header and Sill Plates
Penetrations must be
firestopped to prevent fire
and smoke from
prematurely entering the
interior of the fire separation
above
½ hour
1 hour
1½
hour
2 hour
2 hour
Fire Tape


31
Fire tape is not an
acceptable firestop,
smoke stop or draft
stop
Proper treatment of
joints that meet
dissimilar surfaces,
GWB to concrete
assemblies, requires
an elastomeric firestop
systems in order to
allow for the slab above
flexing under load. All
rigid materials fail this
requirement.
Right
Fire Tape
Fire tape lasts
approximately
8 min before failure
8 min
Earthquakes





32
Seismic restraint (earthquake vibration control) is one of the fastest
growing fields in North America
Firestopping is following at the same pace.
The major concern of earthquakes is broken and sheared off gas
and electrical lines which can create fires.
It is critical to allow for the movement of all items penetrating fire
separations.
NFPA 13 states that all sprinkler pipes passing through fire
separations require a minimum 1” to 2” annular space around the
sprinkler pipe and must be sealed with a flexible firestop material.
The Importance of
Listed Systems Designs


Think of a listed systems design as the “License” or “Certificate
of Worthiness” allowing a firestop manufacturer to sell product
for the exact application as outlined in the systems design.
If a product does not have a third party listed systems design
TO COVER A SPECIFIC APPLICATION


33
the product cannot be used for that application, no matter
how many listings it has for other uses.
The listing also provides a trail of liability to the listing agency
and the manufacturer.
If you have installed or passed an application without a listing
you have just accepted all liability associated with an improper
installation.
The “F” (Fire) Rating

34
A firestop system shall be considered as meeting the
requirements for an “F” rating if it remains in the opening during
the fire test for the rating period without permitting the passage
of flame through openings, or the occurrence of flaming on any
element of the unexposed side of the fire stops.
The “FH” (Hose Stream)
Rating
35

The firestop system must pass the requirements of the F Rating,
AND shall be considered as meeting the requirements of the “H”
rating if it remains in the opening during the hose stream test.

The fire stop shall not develop any opening that would permit a
projection of water from the stream beyond the unexposed side.
The “FT” (Fire and
Temperature) Rating


36
The firestop system must pass the requirements of the “F”
rating, AND
The transmission of heat through the fire stop during the rating
period shall not have been such as to raise the temperature of
any thermocouple on the unexposed surface of the fire stop or
on any penetrating item more than 325º F (181º C) above its
initial temperature. Also the fire stop shall have withstood the fire
test during the rating period without permitting the passage of
flame through openings, or the occurrence of flaming on any
element of the unexposed side of the fire stops.
How Important is the “T”
Rating
37

The “T” rating is the evaluated time it takes for the heat to be
conducted through the penetrating item and the fire separation
and ignites combustible items on the non fire exposed side.

When penetrating into a hollow fire separation that has
combustible framing members (wood) the “T” rating is extremely
important.

Many firestop manufacturers test the penetrating item centered
between the studs. Very few manufacturers can provide truly
representative listing details for the penetrating item attached to
the studs and/or penetrating the header or sill plates in wood
framed construction.
“T” rating Cont..
Copper VS Plastic "T" Rating

1800.00
1600.00
Temperature (F)
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
Time (minutes)
38
Furnace Temperature
“T” Fail Line
Copper Pipe
Plastic Pipe
60
54
48
42
36
30
24
18
6
0
0.00
12
200.00

This table is information
taken from an actual 1 hour
GWB firestop test. It is
important to note that the
copper pipe follows the
time/temperature curve of
the furnace and failed the “T”
rating at 38 min. This time
varies from 12 to 40 minutes
depending on the assembly
type and thickness and
penetrating material types of
the firestop system.
The plastic pipe stayed at
around 107 F throughout the
test easily passing the “T”
rating criteria.
Are the ratings separable
No
39

If just an “F” rating is asked for, that is all that is required.

If an “FT” is asked for you must pass all the criteria for the full
rating period.

Many systems have 2 hour “F” ratings and 10-20 minute “T”
ratings. This means the overall systems “FT” rating is 10-20
minutes not 2 hours.
ANNULAR SPACE
(ANNULUS)
Maximum Annular Space
Maximum distance between
substrate and pipe
Minimum Annular Space
HOLE
Minimum distance between
substrate and pipe
(pipe cannot touch substrate unless specified)
PENETRATING
ITEM / PIPE
40
Centered in the Hole

If the Listed System Design defines the penetrating item as
centered in the hole, do I have the proper systems design that
Underwriters Laboratories or Warnock Hersey will recognize
when the penetrating item is offset in the hole.
NO
You can verify this by calling the listing agency
41
Annular Space
(the Firestop Manufacturer’s nightmare)






42
The greater the annular space the
greater the erosion rate of the firestop
system.
Erosion cycles in small annular
spaces are extremely restricted.
In concrete types, the concrete
dissipates a lot or the furnace heat.
The smaller the annular space the
easier to pass the test requirements.
Annular space is one of the most
important listed systems design
criteria.
When it says MAXIMUM annular
space that is precisely what it means.
Service Penetration
System Types
There are two main types of Service penetrations:
Closed Penetrating Items

The interior of the systemis not open or vented to atmosphere
 process and supply piping systems or solid items like
electrical wire, solid steel beams or seismic braces, etc.
Open Penetrating Items

43
Open or vented to atmosphere
 DWV (Drain/Waste/Vent)
 EMT is considered open
Penetrating Item Types
Combustible
– Plastics or materials that will melt prior to 1800º - 2000º F. Aluminum
for these purposes is considered to be combustible. Closed
Systems are capped or closed on both sides during firestop testing
with a small vent hole on the “unexposed” side.
Open
Systems are only capped on fire “exposed” side.
Non-combustible
– Metallic or materials that will withstand 1800º F and above.
Closed and Open Systems are capped or closed on the fire
“exposed” side (furnace side) during firestop testing.

The test furnace for Firestop testing has no way to differentiate between
combustible or non-combustible systems. For a combustible or noncombustible system to pass, it must not permit the passage of flame through
openings, or the occurrence of flaming on any element of the “unexposed” side
of the firestop system.
Firestop Materials
(Components)


45
A firestop system is composed of one or more materials.
The listed system design identifies the exact materials to
be installed

Single Component - a firestop system using only ONE
Listed Material (filler material maybe optional)

Multiple Component - a system using more than one
material. These systems must be installed using the
filler material at the correct density and depth. The
filler material is usually stopping the fire.
Firestop Materials (cont)
Multiple Component
Systems
SEALANT

the smoke and hot gases seal.

adheres the filler material in place during building settling and
seismic movement and assists during the hose stream rating.
FILLER (ceramic fibre, mineral/rock wool, gypsum wall board) the
 filler stops or slows down the fire and high temperature from
getting to the sealant.
46
Single Component
Firestop Systems
Protects against both fire and smoke
1. RIGID


47
Early technology
 Concrete, Cementicious
grouts,Gypsum filler
compounds
Limitations and Problems
 Intolerant of movement
of pipes and building
settling
 Cracking,shrinking and
falling out
 Still being used
2. ELASTOMERIC (Flexible)


Earliest Versions
 small annular spaces
Latest technology allows for:
 maximum movement
 larger annular spaces
 easy application
Industry Firestop Sealants
Typical Vehicle Service
Temperatures
Latex
Urethane
325ºF
163ºC
425ºF
218ºC
550ºF
Silicon
288ºC
e
CAN/ULC S114 Non-Combustible Classification
1350ºF
732ºC 15 Min
CAN/ULC S115 Firestops and CAN/ULC S101 Fire Separations
48
1832ºF
1000ºC
1, 2 or 3 Hours
Insulation/Filler Material
(Typical Vehicle Service Temperatures)
Fiberglass
850ºF
455ºC
Mineral Wool
1600ºF
871ºC
3000ºF
1649ºC
Ceramic Fiber / Aluminum silicate
CAN/ULC S115 Firestops and CAN/ULC S101 Fire Separations
49
1832ºF
1000ºC
1,2 or 3 Hours

Fiberglass rarely listed except when used for pipe insulation

Mineral wool must be compressed to meet the 1832ºF / 1000ºC

System designs listing ceramic fiber cannot be substituted with any
other insulation material. Carcinogenic.
Service Penetration
Horizontal & Vertical Fire Separations
Multiple
Component
Fire exposed side
Both sides are
considered the fire
exposed side
Penetrating Item
Substrate Assembly Type
Component 1, Firestop Sealant
Component 2, Mineral wool or Ceramic fiber
50
Service Penetration
Horizontal & Vertical Fire Separations
Single Component
51
Service Penetration
Hollow Fire Separation
metal sleeve to
support filler material
Multiple Component
52
Single Component
Interior Service Penetrations
Hollow Core Fire Separation
Header and Sill
penetrations
Header, Sill and
membrane
penetrations
Cannot use a
multiple
component
system
Penetrating Item
Substrate Assembly Type
Component 1, Firestop Sealant
53
Construction/Expansion Joints
Horizontal Fire Separation
Multiple Component
Single Component
Penetrating Item (not allowed unless shown)
Substrate Assembly Type
Component 1, Firestop Sealant
Component 2, Multiple Component, Required
54
Firestop Materials are
Sacrificial

Each firestop system has a known fire erosion rating or
burn through time.
2 hrs
55
Things to Remember About
Firestop Sealants





56
Most sealants labeled “FIRESTOP” are actually “SMOKE”
sealants (multi-component firestop system)
Firestop sealants are NOT GENERIC.
You cannot substitute one sealant for another!
Chemical Compatibility with different substrates & penetrants
Adhesion Capability damp, dirty or oily jobsite surfaces
Elastomeric to withstand building settling and penetrating item
movement.
INTUMESCENTS







57
What is an INTUMESCENT
Material That Expands When Exposed To High Heat
450 Deg. F ( some are 2 Stages )
Caulks, Wrap Strips, Devices (Collars), Boards
Uses : Plastic Pipe, Insulated Pipe
Telescoping
Caution: May Have Long Term Aging Problems
Small Annular Space ( 1/4 inch )
NFPA 13 Requires Movement
LISTED SYSTEMS DESIGN




58
Manufacturer submits an assembly containing their
firestopping products to a accredited testing agency to be
tested to the current firestop standard
A report is written and given to the manufacturer /
customer whether the test was sccessful or not. This
report is confidential information between client and
testing agency
If the test was successful a listing is promulgated by the
testing agency and is published in the Fire Resistive
Directory. This outlines the information relavent to the test
standard and is used for the submittal package
Although these Listings are commonly referred to as
“APPROVALS” they are not. They are like report cards
System No. C-AJ-1239
F Rating - 2 Hr
T Ratings - 1 & 2 Hr (See Items 2 & 3C)
1.
Floor or Wall Assembly -Min 5 in. thick normal weight (150 pcf) concrete. Wall may also be constructed of any UL
Classified Concrete Blocks*. Max diam of opening is 14 in.
See Concrete Blocks (CAZT) category in the Fire Resistance Directory for names of manufacturers.
2.
Through Penetrants - One metallic pipe, conduit or tubing to be installed either concentrically or eccentrically
within the firestop system. The annular space between pipe, conduit or tubing and edge of through opening shall be
min 1/2 in. to max 1-3/4 in. Pipe, conduit or tubing to be rigidly supported on both sides of floor or wall assembly.
The following types and sizes of metallic pipes, conduits or tubing may be used:
Steel Pipe - Nom 4 in. diam (or smaller) Schedule 10 (or heavier) steel pipe.
A.
Conduit - Nom 4 in. diam (or smaller) rigid steel conduit or steel electrical metallic tubing.
B.
C.
Iron Pipe - Nom 4 in. diam (or smaller) cast or ductile iron pipe.
D.
Copper Tubing - Nom 4 in. diam (or smaller) Type L (or heavier) copper tube.
E.
Copper Pipe -Nom 4 in. diam (or smaller) Regular (or heavier) copper pipe.
When copper pipe or tubing is used, T Rating is 1 Hr.
3.
Firestop System -The firestop system shall consist of the following:
A.
Packing Material - Min 3-1/2 in. thickness of min 4 pcf mineral wool batt insulation firmly packed into
opening as a permanent form. Packing material to be recessed from top surface of floor or from both surfaces
of wall as required to accommodate the required thickness of fill material (Item 3B).
B.
Fill, Void or Cavity Material* - Sealant -Min 1/4 in. thickness of fill material applied within annulus, flush
with top surface of floor or both surfaces of wall.
Passive Fire Protection4100NS,
Partners4100SL,
4800DW
Firestop Device* - Nom 36 in. long firestop device tightly fitted around pipe conduit or tubing and secured
C.
with min 8 AWG steel wire spaced max 6 in. OC. Device to be tightly butted to underside of floor assembly.
For wall assemblies, nom 18 in. long device tightly butted to both sides of wall.
59
LOOK FOR:
 construction type
(substrate)
 horizontal or vertical fire
separations
 penetrating item size and
material type
 combustible (plastic) or
non-combustible
(metallic) pipe systems.
 open (DWV) or closed
(process and supply)
systems or both
 penetrating item to be
centered or offset
 maximum allowable
annular space
WH Design Numbers
FS/PHV 120-01
Listing No. 01
Firestop Systems Inc.
120 min. (2 hours)
Penetrations Horizontal (floors)
Vertical (walls)
60
UL System Numbers
Penetrations
61
C
-AJ
-2165
1st Letter
F = Floor
W = Wall
C = Combined
2nd Letter(s)
A = Concrete 5- thick
B = Concrete 5+ thick
C = Framed Floors
J = Concrete/Block Walls
8- thick
K = Concrete/Block Walls
8+ thick
L = Framed Walls
Number Series
0000 No penetrating item
1000 Metallic Pipe/Conduit
2000 Non-metallic Pipe/Conduit
3000 Electrical Cables
4000 Cable Trays
5000 Insulated Pipe
6000 Electrical Ducts
7000 Mechanical Ducts
8000 Multiples of the above items
UL System Numbers
Joints
HW -S -1006
1st Letter
FF = Floor to Floor
WW = Wall to Wall
FW = Floor to Wall
HW = Head of Wall
62
2nd Letter(s)
D = Dynamic
S = Static
Number Series
0000
2 Joint Width
1000
> 2” to 6”
2000
> 6” to 12”
3000
> 12” to 24”
4000
> 24”
Building Inspectors
On-Site Check List
1. Always request the Listed System Design (cut sheet) for
each application from the contractor. The System Design
must be from the current UL or WH fire resistance directory or
have a accompanying recent test letter from the Accredited
Third Party Testing Agency.
2. Check that each System Design meets each jobsite application
condition.
3. Is mineral wool or ceramic fibre required, what density?
4. What firestop product(s) is the contractor using? Is there a
“WH” or “UL” logo and identification on the product?
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The Insurance Company View
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Insurance Underwriters and Risk Management Groups have based
their insurance premiums for multi-tenant and commercial buildings
constructed since 1985 on the assumption that they have complied with
the Building Code.
Some Insurance Companies Risk Management groups are now
performing their own passive fire protection inspections.
Some Building Owners are refused insurance or are required to pay a
higher premium for their building even though it was constructed after
1985.
The IBM Tower, Montreal
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This 66 story high-rise was built after 1985.
Though mandated by the NBC in Canada, no
firestopping was installed on the curtain wall
system or in the service penetrations.
Internet Resources
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The best tools for fire related resources and data bases
available anywhere are on the Internet.
Many Architects, Building Officials and Fire related organizations
are already using the Internet to receive and post up to the
minute news for their respective professions or service from all
over the world.
To Log on
Passive Fire Protection Partners. world wide web site is located at:
http://www.firestop.com
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