Transcript green building - RiuNet

Studio-analysis of one of the buildings of
the University Center for Energy Efficient
Buildings (UCEEB) and justification of the
conditions of energy efficiency
(Buštěhrad)
Final Master Project Presentation
Author: Cared Daniela Brocos Rivas
Tutor UPV: D. Javier Benlloch Marco
Tutor CVUT: Prof. Ing. Karel Kabele
Index
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Introduction
Green Building
Role of Green Building
Similar concepts
Goals of green building
Advantages and disadvantages of green building
Project: UCEEB Building
Autodesk Vasari and Green Building Studio (Results)
Conclusion
Bibliography
GREEN BUILDING
“It is practice of increasing efficiency with which buildings use resources
(energy, water and materials) while reducing building impacts on human
health and the environment.”
“Green building technology should reach all.”
Green building refers to a structure and using process that is
environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a
building’s life cycle:
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Siting to design
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Maintenance
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Construction
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Renovation
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Operation
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Demolition
ROLE OF GREEN BUILDING
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to
complement current practices in creating greener structures, the
common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the
overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural
environment by:
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Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources.
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Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity.
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Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation.
SIMILAR CONCEPTS
Other related topics include sustainable design and green architecture.
Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present
generations without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their needs.
Although some green building programs don't address the issue of the
retrofitting existing homes, others do. Green construction principles can
easily be applied to retrofit work as well as new construction.
Reducing environmental impact
Green building practices aim to reduce the environmental impact of building.

The first rule is that the greenest building is the building that doesn't get
built. Since construction almost always degrades a building site, not building
at all is preferable to green building, in terms of reducing environmental
impact.
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The second rule is that every building should be as small as possible.
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The third rule is not to contribute to sprawl, even if the most energyefficient, environmentally sound methods are used in design and
construction.
GOALS OF GREEN BUILDING
Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and
skills to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the
environment and human health.
It often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using
sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic equipment,
and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and
reduction of rainwater run-off.
Many other techniques are used, such as using low-impact building
materials or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of
conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground
water.
Continue…
While the practices or technologies employed in green building are
constantly evolving and may differ from region to region, fundamental
principles persist from which the method is derived:
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Siting and Structure Design Efficiency.
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Energy Efficiency.
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Water Efficiency.
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Materials Efficiency.
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Indoor Environmental Quality Enhancement.
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Operations and Maintenance Optimization.
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Waste and Toxics Reduction.
The essence of green building is an optimization of one or more of these
principles. Also, with the proper synergistic design, individual green building
technologies may work together to produce a greater cumulative effect.
Continue…
On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable design is the
philosophy of designing a building that is in harmony with the natural
features and resources surrounding the site.
There are several key steps in designing sustainable buildings:
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Specify “green” building materials from local sources.
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Reduce loads.
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Optimize systems.
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Generate on-site renewable energy.
1. Siting and structure design efficiency
In designing environmentally optimal buildings, the objective is to minimize the
total environmental impact associated with all life-cycle stages of the building
project.
However, building as a process is not as streamlined as an industrial process, and
varies from one building to the other, never repeating itself identically.
In addition, buildings are much more complex products, composed of a multitude
of materials and components each constituting various design variables to be
decided at the design stage.
A variation of every design variable may affect the environment during all the
building's relevant life-cycle stages
2. Energy efficiency
Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption
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The embodied energy required to extract, process, transport and install
building materials
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Operating energy to provide services such as heating and power for
equipment.
To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage
through the building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and
unconditioned space).
They also specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls,
ceilings, and floors.
Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often implemented in lowenergy homes. Designers orient windows and walls and place awnings,
porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while
maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window placement
(daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric
lighting during the day.
Solar water heating further reduces energy costs.
3. Water Efficiency
Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in
sustainable building.
The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may
be accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet
flushing.
Waste-water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as
ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow shower heads.
Storage of rainwater for toilets can reduce spending considerable amounts of
water.
4. Materials efficiency
Building materials typically considered to be “green” include:
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Lumber from forests that have been certified to a third-party forest standard.
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Rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw.
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Dimension stone and recycled stone.
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Recycled metal.
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Other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable
like:
Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed
earth block, adobe, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax
linen, sisal, seagrass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut, wood fibre
plates, calcium sand stone, concrete, etc.
5. Indoor environmental quality
enhancement (IEQ)
The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category in LEED standards, one of the
five environmental categories, was created to provide comfort, well-being, and
productivity of occupants.
Buildings rely on a properly designed ventilation system (passively/naturally or
mechanically powered) to provide adequate ventilation of cleaner air from
outdoors or recirculated, filtered air as well as isolated operations from other
occupancies.
During the design and construction process choosing construction materials and
interior finish products with zero or low VOC emissions will improve IAQ.
6. Operations and maintenance
optimization
No matter how sustainable a building may have been in its design and
construction, it can only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained
properly.
The addition of new green technologies also falls on the O&M staff. Although the
goal of waste reduction may be applied during the design, construction and
demolition phases of a building's life-cycle, it is in the O&M phase that green
practices such as recycling and air quality enhancement take place.
7. Waste reduction
Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials
used during construction.
During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of
material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount
of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such
as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills.
When buildings reach the end of their useful life, they are typically demolished
and hauled to landfills. Deconstruction is a method of harvesting what is
commonly considered "waste" and reclaiming it into useful building material.
"Greywater", wastewater from sources such as dishwashing or washing machines,
can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes,
e.g., to flush toilets.
Rainwater collectors are used for similar purposes.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
GREEN BUILDING
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ADVANTAGES:
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COST:
Very often green building is considered to be expensive as usually all kind of
modern building methods.
Designing and building green structures cost approximately the same as
regular buildings. Even if they are higher in cost a little bit, because of some
special requirements, during their usage they save so much energy that the
money spent on its creation will return at least 10 times.
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ENERGY EFFIENCY:
Green building has a great advantage of reducing both embodied and
operating energy consumption.
Designers try to find solutions to reduce it. They use extra-insulation, highperformance windows, and passive solar design.
Also other ways of renewable energy are used too. Wind power and hydro
power can also notably reduce the influence on environment.
Continue…
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WATER EFFICIENCY:
Water consumption is another objective in sustainable building. Water can
be wasted by drip irrigation, leaking (toilet leaking can waste up to approx.
341 liters per day), pool showers. Recycling rainwater and using it for toilet
flushing can save waste-water. Water saving shower heads, ultra-low flush
toilets and other conserving fixtures can minimize waste-water.
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MATERIAL EFFICIENCY:
Green buildings are built from green, rapidly renewable, non-toxic, reusable
and recyclable materials as lumber, bamboo, straw, recycled metal/stone,
sheep wool, compressed earth block, concrete, cork etc.
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TEMPERATURE REGULATION:
Urban heat islands are elevated temperatures mostly in urban areas, formed
mostly on surfaces where permeable and moist became impermeable and
dry due to some buildings, roads etc.
It can be compensated by more green areas around the buildings such as
green roofs and rain gardens.
Continue…
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY:
When constructing green buildings great emphases are put on the ventilation
system. It can be powered in different ways – passively, naturally or
mechanically.
It doesn’t matter in which it is powered, the most important thing that a
building should have a properly designed ventilation system in order to have
a filtered and cleaner air.
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INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY:
Except poor air quality other circumstances like poor lightening,
temperature variances, furniture, carpeting, pesticides, paints and high
concentration of pollutants are causing different diseases – headaches,
dermatological problems, allergies etc. The environmentally friendly
circumstances of green building create healthier atmosphere.
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MAINTENANCE:
Green buildings need less maintenance. For example most green buildings
don’t require exterior painting so often. Also as far as natural sources were
used during its construction, they are not destroyed so quickly.
Continue…
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IMPROVED EMPLOYEE ATTENDANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY:
Natural lightening, good ventilation, healthy circumstances all influence the
health of green structures’ occupants.
People are becoming less sick, they are more productive and their impact on
work is more high and effective.
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HIGHER PROPERTY VALUE:
Green buildings have low energy cost. Their use of gas, water, energy is
highly reduced. A building can keep a high sale value if it contains
sustainable components.
A green building can be easily tuned into a net zero building. A net zero
building or zero energy home is an active house. Instead of spending money
on it, you can earn money with it. These buildings have almost zero
consumption. Moreover they can create more energy than they need, they
can supply energy (electricity) back into the electrical grid
Continue…
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DISADVANTAGES:
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AIR-COOLING FEATURES:
Particular cooling components that control precisely the indoor temperature
in green buildings don’t exist. The only thing that influences it is natural
ventilation, which cannot be regulated.
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LOCATION:
To amend sun exposure, green building may need a correct structural
orientation. It influences how natural light enters the building, how to shade
some part of it.
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AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS:
In urban areas materials can be found easily than in rural areas. Green
buildings require special materials. A lot of eco-friendly materials are not
available, so sometimes these materials are hard to find and transportation
fees may be high
Continue…
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TIME:
To build a green building in some cases takes more time than an ordinary
one. Sometimes it takes too much time to find the needed material. The
client can delay the construction.
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GREEN ROOFS:
Green roofs consist of several layers plus a vegetation layer, culture
medium, drainage, isolation, waterproofing membrane, and roof support.
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COST:
Many believe that the cost of green building is cost-prohibitive. You need to
invest a lot of money. However later with energy saving possibilities the
invested money may come back.
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LOW INDOOR QUALITY:
Green buildings are eco-friendly and healthy, but too much emphases are
put on sealing them. This isolation may cause indoor pollution. It can be
harmful to the health of the occupants. Damage to health can also cause
fluorescent lights. Their radiation in isolated places can lead to health
problems.
PROJECT: UCEEB
Building
The building that was studied is a building, still unbuilt, of the University
Center for Energy Efficient Buildings. Same shape, but orientation,
distribution, materials and technologies are changed to turn the building
into a green building.
UCEEB BUILDING
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FORM: They are about two blocks 4-storeys and buildings for connecting
hallway/entrance on the ground floor.
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FUNCTION: Its a building that will be used for residence and offices/study
areas. On the ground floor have a canteen and a gym.
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SITE: Třinecká 679, 273 43 Buštehrad, Czech Republic. Its located 27 km from
Prague.
Continue…
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DEVIATION / ORIENTATION: With respect to the north, the building is target
23º. Taking the main facade (building entrance) to the southeast, and the rear
facade in the north west.
23º
Plans and 3D
PB
Floor type
Continue…
Elevation
Continue…
3D
Facade
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For the choice of facade, I have relied on two buildings. The first is a building
in Prague, Narodni Technická knivovna (National Library of Technology) for the
use of triple-glazed windows; and second Genyo Building in Granada (Spain)
having a building integrated photovoltaics BIPV system double-skin.
Construction details
Wall to coat, 11.5 cm. thick, perforated
bricks 24x11.5x9 cm., sitting with
cement mortar made of M-40 work
meetings (1:6), together with 1 cm.
Autodesk Vasari and Green Building
Studio (Results)
Dormitory
Office
Dormitory
Office
There is greater fuel
consumption and carbon
emissions in the dorms
because they are running
24hrs.
The same goes for energy,
there is increased consumption
in the dorms. But in the office
part consume more electricity
because of the increased
number of electronic devices
connected and running at the
same time.
Dormitory
Office
There is more fuel consumption
in HVAC in offices because there
are more people passing, running
appliances and machines. There
is little use in hot water for both
consumption exists except in the
dining room and restrooms of the
gym.
And the electricity is the
same case.
Dormitory
Office
The building shows deficiency theme insulation and the tightness of holes in walls (windows). As proposed by use of triple-glazed
windows and front wall double leaf with thicker insulation to which you are accustomed to use in Spain.
Dormitory
Office
These graphs show a monthly estimate of energy for heating and cooling.
Dormitory
Office
These graphs show a monthly estimate of fuel consumption and electricity.
Dormitory
Office
In these graphs you can
see the peaks of
demand in each month.
Here you can see the
wind rose by speed.
Dormitory
Office
Here you can see the
wind rose by frequency.
Dormitory
Office
In these graphs shows the characteristics of the weather in the area.
Dormitory
Office
Photovoltaic Potential
Solar Studio
Summer
Continue…
Winter
Continue…
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To control outdoor light inside the building had raised the option of using
smart shutters are incorporated within the same window is opened or closed
as a light sensor that is placed inside the building.
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Another cheaper option would be to use deciduous trees (to keep out the sun
in summer when it is lower) and higher plants using overhang that sunshade
makes function.
CONCLUSION
As previously seen, it is of vital importance to take into account several parameters
when deciding which type of insulating material better fits to our projects. Depending
on the climate area, the type and orientation of the building, the application on
which the insulation is to be used and some properties such a fire resistance, water
behavior or mechanical stability, we will decide to use one type of insulation or
another. The thermal performance of the insulation materials is one of the important
properties to take into consideration since we can reduce the energy consumption of
the building by selecting materials that can achieve a high R-value per inch due to
their low thermal conductivity.
By studying, investigating and applying new insulation materials, we can reduce the
total fossil fuel consumed by buildings (40% in the European Union) and thus, the
amount of greenhouse gases, closing the gap every time more, to achieve net-zero
energy buildings.
The model, the model has shortcomings in thermal insulation, you should use one
even better with the demands of the building there is no thermal insulation is organic
and environmentally friendly.
For the rest, it has enough space around it, so no problem in topic of solar radiation,
and energy harvesting.
Although the budget initially increases considerably (materials, systems,
constructively and skilled labor) medium to long term cost savings and in turn will
help to reduce CO2 values are noticed.
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
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