Transcript FS-assignment 8-presentation

Fire Safety
By Alicia Civile and Alexandra Fernandez
FINAL CASE STUDY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIRE SAFETY / TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
COVER PAGE
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3
DESIGN AND SAFETY OBJECTIVES
4
PROVISIONS AND COMPONENTS
5 -10
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
11
RELATED SYSTEMS
12
SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS
13 -14 HYPOTHESIS
15
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
16
REFERENCES
2
FIRE SAFETY / OBJECTIVES
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
When a building is designed to
resist the start and spread of a fire,
designers protect the building itself,
it’s contents, and more importantly
the lives of people who occupy the
building.
To react safely to a fire
emergency, a building occupant
needs early warning, the means to
extinguish a small fire, and at least
two ways out of the building.
The design of a building may
help, or may lead to a dead end,
trapping its occupants.
SAFETY OBJECTIVES
In order or importance:
•protection of life
• protection of property
• continuity of operation
Figure 1: fire safety objectives chart ( Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc. (RJA), 2010)
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FIRE SAFETY / PROVISIONS & COMPONENTS
FIRE SAFETY PROVISIONS
Should be identifiable and useful to all users in the
Chapman building :
• alarms
• barriers
• dampers
• fire-rated doors
• evacuation plan
• extinguishing
systems
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
FIRE SAFETY COMPONENTS
• code provisions for evacuation, and escape routes
• protectingOBJECTIVES
the structure when a fire occurs
DESIGN
• fire barriers/compartments
• areas of refuge
• horizontal exits
• vertical openings
• doors and windows
• fire dampers and draft stops
• occupant load
• means of egress
• exit access, signs, passageways
• smoke barriers, dilution , exhaust systems
• standard tests of building construction
and materials
Figure 2-9: fire safety system component.(Jessup Manufacturing Company
2009)
“THE FIRE TRIANGLE”
Three things must be present at the
same time in order to produce fire:
1) enough oxygen to sustain
combustion
2) enough heat to raise the material
to its ignition temperature
3) some sort of fuel or combustible
material
Result: the chemical reaction that
is fire
Figure 10: fire triangle chart
(East Coast Training
Solutions, 2010)
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FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Cerebrus pro fire safety system
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Figure 11 : fire system overview chart, (Siemens, 2010)
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FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
6
FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Figure 20
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FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
8
FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
9
FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
10
FIRE SAFETY / RELATED SYSTEMS
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
•Fire inhibiting structure
•Ceiling height
•Fire rated walls
•Stairwells: area of refuge
•Doors: width, fire rated
•Egress
Figure 34
WATER SYSTEM
• Sprinkler system, water supply
“THE FIRE TRIANGLE”
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Figure 35
Figure 36
•Emergency Lights
•Audio: alarms
Figure 37
Figure 38
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FIRE SAFETY / SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS
EXISTING SOLUTIONS
•Fire inhibiting structure
•Ceiling height
•Fire rated walls
•Stairwells: area of refuge
•Doors: width, fire rated
•Egress
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
FUTURE SOLUTIONS
Figure 39: Fire rated wall section (Mcgraw hill, 2007)
Figure 40
• Materials that do not off-gas when ignited
•Dry-walls
DESIGN
OBJECTIVES
•Paints with low VOC’s
•Furniture
•Textiles
•Flooring materials
•Using alternatives to HALON 1301
•IG-541
•HFC-227
Figure 41
Figure 42
Figure 43
("Consumer reports magazine:," 2009)
Earthwise Fire Safety Solutions
Figure 44
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FIRE SAFETY / HYPOTHESIS
USER: ADMINISTRATIVE
H: Administrative staff members are not aware of how to escape the Chapman building in case of a fire.
Disproved: Most administrative members are confident in their escape route
H: Administrative members on the 2nd floor of the Commons Hall are satisfied with the amount of exit stairs in
case of a fire.
DESIGN
OBJECTIVES
Disproved:
They were
confident in the amount of exit stairs, just not with the amount time it takes to reach
them.
H: Administrative members, on both floors, are worried that in the case of an emergency they only have access
to escape on one side of the building.
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Proved: Most members agreed there should be access on both sides of the building.
USER: MAINTENANCE
H: Maintenance staff members are concerned that they would be the last to know if there were a fire.
They wonder if there are adequate alarm systems and if they will be notified as quickly as everyone else.
Disproved: Maintenance staff is confident that the fire safety systems will work in case of a fire.
13
FIRE SAFETY / HYPOTHESIS
USER: STUDENTS
H: Students feel that the auditoriums should have more exit routes.
Disproved: All students seemed content with the number of exits from the auditorium.
H: Students are troubled about the vestibule that they need to cross in order to escape outside.
Inconclusive: For this question the results varied; the students that agreed with the question, had a
DESIGN
concern
about the OBJECTIVES
size of the doors, amount of doors which need to be passed, size of the space, and the
number of students exiting.
H: Students feel there should be an additional exterior stairwell somewhere near the middle of the arcade.
Disproved. Most students were satisfied with the number of stairwells, but not the stairwell properties.
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Some said stairwells should be wider and that the slanted stairwell would be a problem in an emergency.
Others answered that another one would decrease time taken to go downstairs, which would ultimately
help in case of an emergency.
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FIRE SAFETY / STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
STRENGTHS
•Availability of building
Availability of building drawings
•Users present on a daily basis for interviews
•Maintenance building tours
•Interviews with staff and maintenance
•Interviews with students
LIMITATIONS
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
•Students seemed disinterested in interviews,
and did not fully consider interview questions
•Interview questions could have been revised
•Lack of system specific tours
CONCLUSIONS
Figure 45
The study illustrated the process required to make a conclusive case study. All the mandatory
steps, preparations and setbacks were noted. The building and it fire safety systems were studied along
with their affect on the user. The buildings composition of systems and their relevance to each other were
also noted.
Fire safety systems were analyzed and their components examined according to their effect on the
user. The fire safety components are functioning appropriately, and if not only need minor modifications. It
is evident that the designers of the Chapman building had fire safety in mind, and did a satisfactory job.
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FIRE SAFETY / REFERENCES
Figure 1: Fire middle east. Retrieved from http://www.firemiddleeastmagazine.com/pages/issue_4_feature1.aspxRolf
Jensen & Associates, Inc. (RJA), Initials. (2010). Retrieved
Figure 2-9: Jessup Manufacturing Company, (2009). Jessup globrite. Retrieved from
http://www.globritesystem.com/safety.php
Figure 10:East Coast Training Solutions, . (2010). Fire safety awareness course. Retrieved from http://www.ects.ie/courses/fire_safety_awarness.html
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Figure 11: Siemens, . (2010). Cerberus pro fire safety system – enjoy protecting . Retrieved from
http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/bt/global/en/firesafety/fire-detection/cerberus-pro-fire-safetysystem/syste,-overview/Pages/system-overview.aspx
Figure 12-38, 40: Alexandra Fernandez, Alicia Civile. 2010. Chapman Building
Figure 39: Mcgraw hill, . (2007). mcgraw hill construction continuing education. Retrieved from
http://continuingeducation.construction.com/article_print.php?L=18&C=219
Figure 41-43 : Consumer reports magazine: march 2009. (2009). Retrieved from
http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine-archive/march-2009/home-garden/interior-paints/greencertification-labels/interior-paints-green-labels.htm
Figure 44: Earthwise fire safety. (2010). Retrieved from http://earthwisefiresafety.com/
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