Transcript 下载电子课件unit 1

主编：马彩玲
参编： 张梅英 郭玉兔
Unit 1
Structural Elements
结构构件
Teaching Steps
Leading in
Dialogue
Text
Exercises
Guided writing
Lead-in Pictures
to the Dialogue
Steel Structure Roof
Bolts and Connection Molds
The Erection of Steel Structure
Truss
Dialogue
A: The structure is a very important part of the
works. Now let’s go and have a close look at
the fabrication of the steel structure step by
step, OK?
B: That’s good. Let’s have a look at the erection
of the steel structure. The principle sequence
of erection works is from low level to high
level, from column to beam, from the main
beam to secondary beams and from center to
outer sides.
A: All columns and beams are connected by
high strength bolts. It’s not allowed to have a
single bolt to be fixed by over force. How can
you manage it?
B: During the fabrication of the steel structure
we adopt high accuracy for connection molds
in which the sizes and position of the holes are
controlled below 25% the tolerance of the
specification, which allows a limitation of
erection error.
A: Are all the molds made in the same factory?
B: Yes, they are.
A: I have another question. Can you make the
shop drawings if we provide you the basic
design drawings?
B: Yes, we can. We have a design office
equipped for CAD (computer aided design).
We have specialists to make drawings like this.
They are qualified engineers.
A: That’s fine. If you don’t mind. I’d like to see
the certificates of your engineers and skilled
workers.
Key Words and Phrases:

accuracy [U] precision or exactness, esp. resulting
from careful effort
eg. It is impossible to say with any accuracy how many are
affected.

bolt [C] metal pin with a head at one end, and a
thread (as on a screw), used with a nut for fastening
things together

tolerate [v] allow (sth that one dislikes or disagrees
with) without interfering
 tolerable [adj] that can be tolerated ;endurable
eg.The heat was tolerable at night but suffocating
during the day.
tolerance [U] willingness or ability to tolerate sb/sth
[C, U] (engineering工) amount by which the size,
weight, etc of a part can vary without causing problems
 step
by step proceeding steadily from one stage to
the next; gradually: [n.+ prep.+ n. = ad.]
 eg. A foreign language must be learned step by step.
Questions to the Dialogue
 1.
What is the fabrication of the steel
structure ?
 2.
What are all columns and beams
connected by ?
Please explain this sentence: It’s not
allowed to have a single bolt to be fixed
by over force.
 3.
Make a dialogue on “the fabrication of
the steel structure”, using the words
and expressions you have just learned.
Lead-in Pictures
to the Text
Steel Structure
钢
结
构
Skeleton Construction
Timber Structure
木
结
构
Wall Bearing Construction
承
重
墙
结
构
Suspended Structure

承重墙是直接把房屋的荷载传输到地基的墙体。基
本上承重的墙体多为剪力墙也有其他结构的承重墙。
比如砖混结构和砖结构等等,都是靠墙来承重的。承
重墙是把力作用在地基上,再由地基作用到基础上。

建筑物可按墙的作用来分类。如果除了挡风遮雨等
作用之外，墙壁还承受一部分静荷载、动荷载和其
它荷载,通过墙将上部荷载传导到地基这种建筑物就
叫做承重墙结构；但是如果包括墙的重量在内的所
有荷载由柱和大小横梁组成的构件所承担,通过梁柱
结构将上部荷载传导到地基,这种结构便叫做框架结
构。
砖木结构 承重的主要构件是用砖、木材建造的。
如一幢房屋是木制房架、砖墙、木柱建造的。
 钢结构 是指承重的主要构件是用钢材料建造的，
包括悬索结构。

动荷载 是指随时间周期变化的荷载，包括震动荷
载，冲击荷载：如公路汽车荷载，机器设备振动荷
载，波浪力，地震力，风荷载。
静荷载是指不随时间变化的荷载。如设备自重，构
件本身自重，水压力，土压。
Text
A structure is the part of a building that carries
its weight. For civil engineers, structures are the
most part of civil engineering. The structure of all
buildings is made up of various combinations and
forms of walls, columns, beams, trusses, arches, etc.
Buildings can be classified on the basis of the
function of the walls. If the walls carry their share
of the dead, live and other loads, in addition to
keeping out the weather, etc., the building is called
the wall bearing construction. But if the loads,
including the weight of the walls, are carried by
structural frame consisting of columns, beams and
girders, the building is called skeleton construction.
According to types of construction, buildings are
classified into timber construction, steel construction,
reinforced concrete construction and so on.
Steel construction consisting of steel beams,
columns, and trusses is extensively used for high
buildings. For building up to about sixty storeys
high, steel and reinforced concrete construction are
competitive, but for higher buildings, steel
construction is without a rival. Great speed is
possible with steel construction. Sometimes the
structural frame and floor slabs can be constructed
at the rate of a story a day after foundations are in
place.
Reinforced concrete construction may be used for
nearly all kinds of building. Office buildings, school
buildings and industrial buildings are often built of
reinforced concrete. In buildings with a steel
framework the floors and roofs are usually of
reinforced concrete. For tall buildings, the columns
may be made of steel or reinforced concrete. For
buildings five or six storeys high, exterior bearing
walls may be used, but above that height, skeleton
construction is usually adopted.
Suspended structure are among the most
interesting at the moment. The first large ones were
completed in London in 1966. In all these structures,
the columns are made fewer and larger so as to
reduce the buckling effects on them and to increase
their effective length. In the two that were
recently built in London, there is only one
column in the center of each building . And
this is a hollow concrete tower some 12 meters
square. It carries the lifts, stairs, ducts, pipes
and cables. The tower may be called the core
of the building. As a result, for such a
building there is no noticeable obstruction to
sight or horizontal movement in any direction
outwards from the core.
Key Words and Phrases:
 truss
[n] framework supporting a roof, bridge,
etc (支撑屋顶、桥梁等的）构架，桁架
 arch [n] curved structure supporting the weight
of sth above it, eg a bridge or the upper storey of
a building 拱（用以支撑如桥梁或上层建筑重量的
弧形结构）
 girder
[n] long strong iron or steel beam used
for building bridges and the framework of large
buildings(桥梁和大建筑物的)主梁,大梁
 keep
out
1) keep sb/sth out (of sth)
2) keep (sb) out of sth
1) prevent sb/sth from entering (a place)
She wore a hat to keep the sun out of her eyes
2) not expose oneself /sb to sth ;(cause sb to )avoid sth
Do keep out of the rain if you haven’t a coat.
Keep the children out of harm’s way if you take
them to the match.
、
 according
to [prep] in a manner that is consistent
with (sth)
eg.Everything went according to the plan.
The work was done according to her instructions.
 consist
of be composed or made up of sth
eg. The committee consists of ten members.
Exercises
Complete the sentences with the given words or
expressions. Change the form where necessary.








1. The hut is built of mud, branches and leaves.
2 In hot dry countries houses are built to keep out of
the heat.
3. The skyscraper is in the center of New York City.
4. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
5. According to the plan, a modern building will be put up here next
year.
6. In addition to bricks, people also used stones to build houses.
7. I am a graduate of Civil Engineering Department in Shanxi
Architectural Technical College.
8. Now I can name many technical terms: beam, column, truss,
arch and so on .
Translate the following words
or phrases into English
 静荷载
 承重墙结构
 木结构
dead loads
the wall bearing construction
 钢筋混凝土
timber construction
reinforced concrete
 压曲效应
the buckling effects
Translate the following words
or phrases into English
 动荷载
 框架结构
 钢结构
 悬索结构
 电梯
live loads
skeleton construction
steel construction
suspended structure
lift
GUIDED WRITING
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广告的特点是使用最简洁的语言传递最大量的信息。
广告词的句子结构不一定是完整的，常用单个的词、短语、
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Job Advertisements (招聘广告）
招聘广告首先用简明的语言对招聘单位的情况做一大
致的介绍，其内容包括本单位的性质、规模、业务范围、
经营状况等，以便求职者对此有一基本的了解。 然后，
广告要表述招聘的职位、对求职人的具体要求及聘方所提
供的条件，最后应公布联系方式。
[Sample]
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