Transcript Case Study 2 - Airports Council International

Retrocommissioning
Presented to:
Airports Council International
May 4, 2008
Denver, Colorado
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Introduction to Retrocommissioning
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Retrocommissioning (RCx) is a systematic process that focuses on
the operation of systems and controls in existing buildings that
were not originally commissioned; intended to optimize how
equipment operates as an integrated system
Also applicable to systems not necessarily associated with
buildings; for example, source de-icing glycol collection
Generally concentrates on mechanical, controls, and lighting
systems (energy-using equipment)
Maximum opportunities for energy savings in complex buildings
Uses low-cost improvements rather than expensive capitalintensive retrofit measures
Highest return on capital investment opportunities for any airport
property
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The Retrocommissioning Process
Planning Phase
• Select project
• Set project objectives and obtain
support
• Select RCx lead
• Document current operating
requirements
• Perform initial site walk-through
• Develop RCx plan
• Assemble RCx team
• Hold project kick-off meeting
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The Retrocommissioning Process
Investigation Phase
• Review facility documentation
• Perform diagnostic monitoring
• Perform functional testing
• Perform simple repairs
• Develop master list of findings
• Prioritize and select operational
improvements
Implementation Phase
• Develop implementation plan
• Implement selected operational
improvements
• Verify and document results
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The Retrocommissioning Process
Hand-Off Phase
• Develop final report
• Compile systems manual
• Develop re-commissioning plan
• Provide O&M training
• Conduct close-out meeting
• Implement persistence
strategies
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Cost of Retrocommissioning
Commissioning Cost Allocation
(Existing Buildings, N=55)
Verification &
Persistence Tracking
2%
Reporting
2%
Implementation
27%
5.2 Million
($2003)
for whole
Sample
Investigation and
Planning
69%
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RCx Market Structure
Demand-Side Market
• Building Owners: owner-occupants and investor-owners, public
and private sector entities, owner’s representatives, property
management companies, facility or property managers, and other
financial decision-makers
• Most concerned with life safety issues, operating costs and/or
occupant comfort
Supply-Side Market
• Engineering firms, design professionals, general contractors,
HVAC/controls contractors, commissioning specialists, TAB
contractors, energy services firms, and O&M service contractors.
• May involve in-house staff of Building Owners
• Building Commissioning Association (BCA) established
professional standards
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Reasons for Retrocommissioning
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Life safety issues discovered following initial construction and
turn-over
Problems never identified during initial building start-up, such as
improper sequences of operation
Systematic problems in building operation, such as simultaneous
heating and cooling
Environmental problems
Excessive equipment run times due to changes in occupancy or
space use, such as unnecessary lighting
Malfunctioning equipment or sensors, such as broken dampers
Control optimization issues, such as sub-optimal chilled water
supply temps
Excessive equipment repair and replacement costs
High utility bills
Indoor air quality concerns
High employee absenteeism
Frequent tenant turnover
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Reasons for Retrocommissioning
Number of Deficiencies Identified by Building System
(Existing Buildings, N = 3,500)
Other
16%
HVAC (combined
heating and
cooling) Cooling plant
2%
6%
Heating plant
3%
Air handling &
distribution
20%
11 Deficiencies/Building
Terminal units
2%
Lighting
2%
Plug loads
0.1%
Envelope
0.1%
Unknown
47%
Facility-wide (e.g.
EMCS or utility
related)
2%
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Airport Commissioning and Retrocommissioning
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Operation and development of commercial airports are acutely
impacted by air and water quality standards
Environmental impact of run-off to adjacent properties
Both direct and indirect air emissions created by airport capital
improvement projects must be included in a State Implementation
Plan for air quality
Noise no longer dominant airport environmental issue.
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Barriers to Retrocommissioning
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Lack of awareness of benefits of RCx
Difficulty identifying qualified providers
Perception that RCx is expensive with long-term paybacks
Lack of confidence in the anticipated results
Misunderstanding of the types of building and system performance
problems that RCx can address
Split incentives between owners and tenants in lease spaces
Internal accounting practices in owner-occupied spaces that do not
return RCx savings to those who fund the services
Lack of time, short-planning horizons, and institutional inertia
No established budget, procurement vehicle, internal responsibility,
management system, or precedent for procuring RCx services
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Financial Benefits of RCx
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RCx can produce savings of 5-20% of total building energy costs,
with simple payback averaging less than 2 years
A study of 100 buildings in 2004 found median energy savings of
approximately $45,000 per building and ranged as high as $1.8
million
Natural Capitalism: “It may be that managers can’t afford not to
retrofit buildings to save energy, because doing so can make
workers more productive. If labor productivity goes up just one
percent, that will produce the same bottom-line benefit as
eliminating the entire energy bill.”
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Financial Benefits of RCx
Fig 7. Existing Buildings Commissioning:
Costs, Savings, and Payback Times
500,000
Building Energy Savings ($2003)
Whole-Building Energy Savings ($2003/year)
N=100
450,000
Payback time = 1 month
Median Payback = 0.7 years
400,000
350,000
Payback time = 6 months
300,000
250,000
200,000
Payback time = 1 year
150,000
100,000
50,000
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Outlier (35,184; 1,034,667)
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
Commissioning Costs ($2003)
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Non-Financial Benefits of RCx
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Identify and correct life safety issues
Extended equipment life
Improved indoor air quality
Reduced O&M costs
Upgrade system operation reliability
Improved comfort and worker
productivity
More knowledgeable building staff
Increased net operating income and
tenant retention
Expose staff to different approaches
for troubleshooting problems and
improved staff understanding of
equipment and control strategies
Early detection of equipment issues
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Case Study 1: Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
Retro-Commissioning And Facility Condition Assessment
Program:
Existing Terminals
• Facilities approximately 35 years old
• Terminals leased to airlines, which had responsibility for operations
and maintenance, now reverting to DFW
• Recognition of energy and occupant comfort issues
• Reliability of HVAC and electrical system operation are critical
• Designation as Serious Non-Containment Area imposes significant
limits on emissions for central plant operation.
Systems Not Associated With Buildings
• Systems that involve process are prime candidates for RCx
• Environmental issues can become “trigger” to initiate RCx.
Program Status
• Initial activities underway; benchmarking will provide basis to
evaluate success
• Seed funding will be supplemented by cost savings
• Key element of long term asset management strategy.
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Case Study 2: Hawaii Airports
Honolulu International Airport, Terminal Modernization, New Mauka
Concourse Improvement
• Estimated 30% energy savings ($300,000)
Renovation of Airport Lounge, Honolulu International Airport
• Estimated 15% energy savings ($562.50)
Kona International Airport, Terminal Modifications
• Estimated 30% energy savings ($440,000)
Molokai Airport Aircraft Rescue Fire Fighters Station Improvements
• Estimated 20% energy savings ($31,200)
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Case Study 2: Hawaii Airports (New Commissioning)
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Hawaii Department of Transportation Airports Division (DOTAirports) is considering a similar cold ocean-water air conditioning
system for the enclosed areas of Kona International Airport
DOT-Airports has made efficiency improvements in taxiway lights
and airfield lighted signs at the Honolulu, Hilo, and Kalaeloa
airports, and replaced the chiller plant at Kahului airport with more
efficient equipment
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Case Study 2: Peterson Air Force Base Retrocommissioning
Background:
• 30,000 square foot facility in Colorado Springs,
CO.
• Airlift Flight Control Facility with direct access to
base’s main runway
• Houses offices, meeting space, classrooms,
parachute repair area, storage, kitchen, airlift
loading bay, and electrical and mechanical
rooms
Issues Discovered:
• Hot water heating boiler often tripped into alarm
mode.
• Temperature of three classrooms on first floor
determined to be consistently lower than their
operational set point
• Air handler heating valve was 100% open for a
large portion of the day when the outside
temperature was 65 degrees
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Case Study 2: Peterson Air Force Base Retrocommissioning
Recommendations:
Heating Hot Water Heating System
• Set boiler enable to off when outside air temperature greater than 60°F.
This would keep the boiler from cycling and eliminate unnecessary usage
of the boiler.
• Test and rebalance hydronic heating hot water system. This would improve
the efficiency and performance of the heating hot water system.
Chilled Water System
• Chilled water temperature should run on a linear reset parameter based on
outside air temperature similar to heating hot water boiler. This would
eliminate overcooling of spaces and eliminate need for unnecessary VAV
terminal reheat.
Air Distribution System
• Test and rebalance air distribution system throughout building. This would
reduce energy consumption by improving performance of the air handler
and associated VAV boxes. Would also reduce excess noise at the
diffusers.
• Revise the operational schedule of the air handler AHU-1 within the
building automation system to accurately depict the occupancy within the
facility.
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Questions?
George Bourassa, PE, LEED AP, CCP
Jacobs Carter Burgess
[email protected]
312.466.5723
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Sources
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2007. White Paper: Retrocommissioning Your Building for Savings.
Retrocommissioning Services & Incentives Program. http://www.rcxprogram.com/docs/PG&E%20RCx%20White%20Paper.pdf
Dodds, Debby, Eric Baxter, and Steven Nadel. 2000. Retrocommissioning Programs:
Current Efforts and Next Steps. Proceedings of ACEEE Summer Study on Energy
Efficiency in Buildings 4:479-93. Washington, DC: American Council for an EnergyEfficient Economy. http://resources.cacx.org/library/holdings/020.pdf
Haasl, Tudi et al. Retrocommissioning’s Greatest Hits. Portland Energy Conservation,
Inc., http://www.peci.org/Library/PECI_RCxHits1_1002.pdf
Mills, Evan et al. 2004. The Cost Effectiveness of Commercial Buildings
Commissioning: A Meta-Analysis of Energy and Non-Energy Impacts in Existing
Buildings and New Construction in the United States. Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, PECI, and Energy Systems Laboratory, Texas A&M University.
http://eetd.lbl.gov/emills/PUBS/Cx-Costs-Benefits.html
State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism. 2008.
Lead by Example: State of Hawaii Agencies’ Energy Initiatives FY 2006-2007. Report
to the 2008 Hawaii State Legislature.
http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/energy/publications/LBE-all-07.pdf
Thorne, Jennifer and Steven Nadel. 2003. Retrocommissioning: Program Strategies
to Capture Energy Savings in Existing Buildings. American Council for an EnergyEfficient Economy. http://www.aceee.org/pubs/a035full.pdf
Hawken, Lovins and Lovins. 1999. Natural Capitalism
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Case Study 2: Peterson Air Force Base Retrocommissioning
Recommendations:
Domestic Hot Water Heating System
• Place domestic hot water heater on time clock that follows parameters of
building occupancy schedule. This would reduce energy consumption by
turning off domestic hot water heater during unoccupied times of the day.
Lighting Control
• Place all interior lighting on time clock(s) or the building automation system.
This would reduce energy consumption by turning off interior lighting during
unoccupied times of the day.
• Install wall switch sensors in smaller rooms such as the kitchen, storage
and offices. Install combination sensors in toilet room. Install ceiling
sensors in corridors and large rooms. This will greatly reduce energy
consumption and reduce maintenance from replacement of lamps.
System Monitoring
• Long-term data logs should be created for adequate trending for monitoring
each system. Once the trends are available, a user would be able quickly
diagnose the facility for any problems prior to failures. This also will show
any sudden changes in energy consumption.
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