Transcript Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings

“Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings”
UNDP-GEF Project
Armenia
Demo component details
Vahram Jalalyan
ESIB – INOGATE Energy Audit Training
24-27 May, 2011
National circumstances
 Area - 29.800 km2
 Population – 3.2 mln
 65% of Armenia's population lives in
urban areas.
 There are over 400,000 apartments with
a total area of 27 million m2 in multiapartment buildings
 40% of the national energy saving
potential is in the buildings, an
equivalent of 402,000 toe or 944,000 t of
GHG emission reductions annually
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GHG emissions dynamics
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Residential construction dynamics in
Armenia 2000-2008
600
500
thousand m2
400
300
200
100
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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“Improving EE in Buildings” Project
Project Objective: Reduce energy consumption in
buildings and associated GHG emissions in Armenia

Support to introduction and enforcement of new EE
building codes and standards

Promotion of testing and certification system of EE
materials and equipment

Outreach, training and education on Integrated
Building Design Approach (IBDA)

Demonstration of the energy saving and economic
benefits of IBDA application on the example of new
multi-apartment pilot building (design and
construction)
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Pilot project site
Pilot project site –State Housing Programme in Akhuryan, Armenia
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Pilot project site and demo building
•Building type – 4a,
• Total area – 2242 m2
•Quantity of appartments – 36
•Storeys – 4
•Entrances – 3
•Sections – 3
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Baseline data
 Akhuryan village is one of the coldest areas in Armenia.
 Heating season lasts 188 days here with average outdoor
air temperature of -2.40 C and -25 0C in the coldest five
days.
 According to the RA construction norms II-7.02-95
“Thermal physics of building envelope”, thermal resistance
coefficient for envelops of residential buildings constructed
in similar settlements should exceed
 3.08 m2·°C/W - for external walls,
 4.3 m2·°C/W – for the roof,
 4.01 m2·°C/W – for the first floor,
 0.46 m2·°C/W – for windows and external doors.
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The Baseline Option
 External walls
The building has three-layered external walls assembled of 200mm- and
100mm-thick reinforced concrete blocks. Between the layers, 100 to 150mm
vacant space is envisaged to be filled with volcanic slag of 800 kg/m3
volume weight.
 Windows and external doors (balcony and entrance)
Locally produced windows of two-layer glass are installed with 6cm-wide
metal-plastic frames.
 The first storey floor
No insulation is envisaged for the floors of the first storey and for columns
and beams included into the external walls.
 The 4th storey cover
For insulation of the last storey cover, 300mm-thick slag layer is envisaged;
however, for the buildings constructed in Gyumry, 20mm-thick foam-plastic
and 50 to 100mm-thick slag layers were put.
 Balconies
No insulation is envisaged for concrete blocks of balconies.
 Vestibule (tambour)
Noteworthy, vestibules were envisaged in the initial design, but are no more
included in it.
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The Baseline Option
Estimations of thermal resistance performed with the data
used in the design yield values of 0.72, 0.85, 0.79, 0.38
m2·°C/W for the building’s external walls, cover, floors and
windows respectively that are significantly lower than
required by the current norms.
Energy performance – 212 kWh/m2 year
Indoor temperature - 20°C
Building heat load - 220 kW (Individual boilers >90% Eff.)
Natural gas consumption - 51,700 m3 (heating)
Natural gas cost - 6,824,000 AMD (132 AMD/m3).
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The Baseline Option
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The Baseline Option
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The Baseline Option
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Limitations to the design changes
N Pre-requisites of activity selection
for improvement of energy
efficiency in the demonstration
building
1 Replicability potential
Observations
The activities to implement must
ensure easy replicability
2 Affordability
Technology/materials to implement
must be available and affordable in
the Armenian market
3 Bearing structure changing
The amendments envisaged must
limitations (seismic issues)
not adversely affect the building’s
seismic performance
4 After baseline amendments to the Area in disposal of the
building’s design, apartment areas demonstration building’s residents
must not decrease
must be equivalent to the other
buildings’
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Analysis of thermal insulation materials
N
Option description
Applicability
Advantages
Shortcomings
1
Volcanic slag
Walls, the last
storey cover
Low price, local
production
2
Blown perlite
Growing damp, thick layers required
to reach the desired coefficient, if
used as wall filling gives shrinkage
over time
Can grow damp, if used as wall filling
gives shrinkage over time
Does not ensure solid external level,
presents certain sanitary problems,
burns (is not fire safe)
3
Walls, the last
storey cover
Polysterene (sheet) Walls, the last
storey cover
4
Polyurethane
(blown directly on
site)
Walls, the last
storey cover,
the first storey
cover
5
Extruded
polyurethane
(sheet)
Polysterene panels
with metal
network
Perlite-concrete
blocks
Walls, the last
storey cover
6
7
Walls
Walls
Local production
Local production based
on imported raw
materials, relatively
affordable price
Ensures solid external
layer, has sufficiently
high thermal resistance
coefficient, almost does
not burn
Has sufficiently high
thermal resistance
coefficient, does not burn
Ready panels are installed
easily, local production
Relatively new and little tested
technology
Too high value
Limited thickness (up to 10cm), high
value
Local production,
Limited thickness (up to 7cm), high
produced also for building value
coating
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The Project Option
 External walls
 Attach external surface (usual, smooth) of 20cm-thick wall build of pumiceconcrete reinforced blocks to external surfaces of columns and beams;
 Exclude 10cm-thick pumice-concrete wall and slag layer into the walls’
structure;
 Starting from the lowest point of insulation layer of the first storey’s cover
and up to the highest point of insulation layer of the last storey’s cover,
envisage 8.5cm-thick on-site-blown polyurethane layer per the building’s
total external perimeter.
 That should be covered with concrete-adhesive material that, in its turn, be
covered with 2.5 to 3 cm-thick concrete-sand color plastering with steel
network
 The network should be fixed to the external walls, columns and beams at
40cmX40cm steps with Փ8 A500c reinforcing rods;
 A part of 8.5cm-thick polyurethane layer may be coated with tuff blocks, on
the architect’s decision.
 Windows and external doors (balcony and entrance)
Envisage in the new design three-layered windows and doors with metalplastic frame with thermal resistance of 0.51 m2·°C/W. Insulation of windows
and doors should be performed per their total perimeter with rock wool or other
fire resistant insulation material.
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The Project Option
 The first storey floor
 Under the cover’s block, envisage solid 6cm-thick layer of on-site-blown
polyurethane and 2 to 3cm-thick concrete-sand plastering (gunned
material) with steel network and fix it to the cover’s blocks with dowels;
 To prevent possible damping of the insulation layer, envisage a waterinsulating layer for sanitary units’ and kitchens’ floors.
 The 4th storey cover
On the cover’s blocks, envisage 10cm-thick layer of on-site-blown
polyurethane and 5cm-thick concrete-sand layer.
 Balconies
 Envisage 12cm-thick block for balconies instead of initially stated 20cm;
 Envisage solid 2cm-thick insulating layer of on-site-blown polyurethane
for balcony’s blocks. Envisage color concrete-sand plastering with metal
networks for lower and front surfaces of the balcony’s blocks.
 Vestibule (tambour)
Envisage vestibules (tambours) for all entrances of the building, design per
the architect’s decision. Using the excess space emerged due to the
building’s re-design, it is possible to allocate vestibules (tambours) in inside
the building.
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The Project Option Results
 Energy performance – 64 kWh/m2 year
 Indoor temperature - 20°C
 Building heat load - 69 kW (Individual boilers >90% Eff.)
 Natural gas consumption – 16,400 m3 (heating)
 Natural gas cost – 2,170,000 AMD (132 AMD/m3).
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The Baseline and Project Options
Cost Balance
Implementation cost, k AMD
Տարրը
Baseline
Project
Delta, k AMD
Walls
55,438
46,852
-8,586
Floor
-
11,123
11,123
Cover/roof
2,045
7,160
5,115
Windows
11,094
19,177
8,083
Doors
2,842
4,628
1,787
-
1,332
1,332
71,418
90,272
18,853
Vestibule
Total
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Thermal resistances of the elements
Options
Components
Walls
Windows
Floor
Cover
Doors
Total
Baseline
Proposed
Baseline
Proposed
Baseline
Proposed
Baseline
Proposed
Baseline
Proposed
Baseline
Proposed
R value
(մ2·K)/W
Required by
Norms
3.08
0.46
4.01
4.30
0.46
-
Energy
Performance
Built/Designed
Thermal Load
kWh/m2
kW
0.72
102.38
105.9
3.19
22.47
24.0
0.38
36.32
37.6
0.51
25.69
28.0
0.79
35.65
36.9
4.14
6.43
6.3
0.85
31.15
32.2
4.93
5.13
5.6
0.38
6.63
6.9
0.51
4.69
5.1
-
212.13
219.5
-
64.41
69.0
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The Building’s Energy Performance
Walls
17%
48%
Windows
Floor
17%
3%
15%
Cover
Doors
8%
Baseline building
Walls
7%
35%
10%
Windows
Floor
Cover
40%
Doors
Project (demo) building
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Drawings of the elements of Baseline
and Proposed Options
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Drawings of the elements of Baseline
and Proposed Options
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Thank you
Yerevan, Republic Square, Government Building #3
Phone: +37410 58-39-20 (ext. 22)
Fax:
+37410 58-39-33
E-mail: [email protected]
URL:
www.nature-ic.am