Transcript Discovering Nottingham - Geographical Association

Discovering Nottingham
Rebranding, Regeneration and Renewal
P.S.Fox.
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The Geographical Association P. S. Fox.
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Introduction
• These photographs were taken as part of the
Rebranding Nottingham Fieldwork visit on
Thursday 8th April 2010 to illustrate the
changes that have been constant in the
development of Nottingham in its growth as a
city.
• Some photographs and materials have been
added to provide an additional information
and background.
The Geographical Association P. S. Fox.
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Location and site
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South Prospect of Nottingham about 1750 looking towards Castle and St Mary’s Hill
across the Meadows and the River Leen.
This prospect illustrates the site of the city, north of the River Trent on two small hills;
Castle Hill and St. Mary’s Hill.
Source: Nottingham City Library
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John Speed’s map of part of
Nottingham 1610
This map shows Nottingham as
‘the garden city’. The central
square is marked as G . Notice the
orchards and the parks.
The River Leen is shown in the
southern part of the map.
Source: Nottingham County Library
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Nottingham from the south 1750
Nottingham 1750 looking
from the South towards St
Mary’s Church.
The age when
Nottingham was seen as a
‘garden city’
Source: Nottingham City
Library
The Geographical Association P. S. Fox.
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Map Pre 1790
Gardens and open spaces
Castle now Duke of
Newcastle's Mansion
Lace Market – Plumtre
House Gardens
No Canals or Railways –
pre 1839
The enclosure of
Nottingham was later than
many other cities [1845]
which had two main
consequences –
overcrowding and the
development of industry in
surrounding settlements.
Source: Nottingham City
Library
The Geographical Association P. S. Fox.
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Salmon’s Map 1861
This map shows some of the
industrialisation and
overcrowding that took place in
Victorian Nottingham. The
largest church shown – to the
right [East] is St Mary’s – in the
Lace Market. The Market
Square is in the top left [North
West] of the map.
Source: Nottingham County
Library
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Nottingham Gateway
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Nottingham Railway Station
Opened in 1904 as a
replacement for two previous
stations by the Midland Railway.
The railway was opened to
Nottingham on 30th May 1839,
the line to Lincoln 4th August
1846.
The area between the Railway
Station and the city centre called
‘The Gateway’ is due to be
redeveloped – the Broad Marsh
Shopping centre is to be
expanded.
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The Tram Viaduct looking towards the
Lace Market
The Nottingham Tram system
used some of the route of the
old railway route to the old
Victoria Station – an example of
reuse. The tram is to be
extended to the west and south.
‘Transport 2000’ resulted in the
limitation of traffic in the centre
of the city.
Nottingham is soon to introduce
car parking charges for workers
within the city too.
The Chapel in the background is
High Pavement Chapel built on
the site of a previous chapel
started in 1691.
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Nottingham Canal – looking east
Location : Bridge over Nottingham
Canal adjacent Capital One HQ
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The Nottingham Canal,
opened in 1792 to
allow coal owners to
trans-ship coal to
Nottingham form the
Derbyshire and
Nottinghamshire
Coalfields was lined
with factories and
wharves. Now on the
right is Capital One part
of which occupies the
old Boots print works
which was opened in
1952 on a bombed out
site. On the left is new
offices and businesses
not yet opened. [2010]
Capital One Headquarters Building
Reflecting the
development on
the North side of
the canal.
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High and Middle Pavement
New buildings and refurbishment
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Nottingham Contemporary
This art gallery, on High
Pavement was opened
in 2009 to provide an
additional attraction to
this area and to the city
for tourists.
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Nottingham Contemporary Art Gallery
The Gallery features and outside
piazza and a café. This area had
been derelict for many years
before this was constructed on
this site.
An example of the reuse of a
derelict site.
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Drury Hill – 1960 one of the many
slum areas of Nottingham in
Victorian times – Drury Hill was
demolished to make way for the
Broad Marsh Shopping Centre –
1965.
Source: Nottingham City Library
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Weekday Cross
This was the trading centre of
the old Saxon settlement on the
main route into Nottingham
from the Trent Bridge and the
south. Now this is the entrance
to the Lace Market area for
tourists.
The area was restored by the
Nottingham Civic Society in
1993.
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Middle Pavement
These high class Georgian Houses,
owned in their time by the rich
gentry have been repurposed into
up-market high class ‘niche’ shops
and services.
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Middle Pavement
Paul Smith’s Shop – Willoughby
House 1738 -1743
This high quality Georgian House
was built for Rothwell
Willoughby one of
Nottingham’s first bankers.
In 2004 it was refurbished for
Paul Smith – a local fashion
designer and now acts as a shop.
An example preservation and
reuse.
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Pitcher and Piano
This Chapel has had many uses over
the past decade – from Chapel to lace
museum. It is now a bar.
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Shire Hall, High Pavement
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This building ,
constructed in 17701772 and refurbished
many times acted as
the Crown court, Jail
and place of
execution. In recent
years it has become
the ‘Galleries of
Justice’ one of the
only judicial museums
in the country – with
court rooms and cells
on view.
It is thought that an
original Saxon Hall
occupied this site in
1375.
St Mary’s Church, Lace Market
This is one of the oldest churches in
Nottingham at the centre of the Saxon
community and reputedly now one of
the largest Parish churches in the
country. Probably started as a Saxon
minster in the 12 or 13th century but
restored and enlarged in 1846-50.
Built with money from the town guilds.
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St Mary’s Church
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St Mary’s Church
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Original doorway in the
church wall on High Pavement
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National Ice Stadium
Built on the site of a
1930s ice stadium on
the kudos of the
performance of Torvill
and Dean. Half funded
by the National Lottery
Fund. Opened in 2000
at a cost of £40 million
it seats 7000.
It has no car parking
facilities because the
City Council were keen
that it should be
accessed by Public
Transport!
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The Lace Market
Redevelopment of a Victorian Area –
improving what there is
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The Lace Market – Broadway
Built in the mid nineteenth century to
be the centre for lace marketing [not
manufacture]
The area became very run down in the
1960s and was made into a
Conservation area and later
transformed into apartments, clubs,
bars and small businesses.
This was funded by the Historic
Buildings Council and a development
company.
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Broadway – Lace Market
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Stoney Street
As part of the refurbishment of this
area a multi-story car park was
constructed which is illustrated here
but designed to be ‘in keeping’ with
the other buildings in the area.
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The Adams Building – Lace Market
Built 1854-1855 and redeveloped
between 1996- 1998 with funding from
the Heritage Lottery Fund and The
European Development Fund and
English Partnerships – cost £16.5 million.
The building designed by the
Nottingham architect T.C. Hine is now
part of New College Nottingham.
An example of refurbishment and reuse.
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The Adams Building
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Hockley
Hockley is a small niche
shopping and
entertainment area mainly
developed in recent years
on the popularity of
Nottingham as a student
city.
This shop was one of the
first used by the Boots
Company – when it was
built it was one of the
most advanced in terms of
design in the country.
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The Victoria Shopping Centre
City shopping attraction and
rehousing
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Victoria Centre
The Victoria Centre was
one of the first large
indoor shopping centres
built in Britain – 1965 –
1972.
It was build on the site of
the Victoria Railway
Station complex – the
clock tower remains.
A high rise block of
council flats towers over
the centre – to provide
accommodation for some
of the people displaced
by the redevelopment of
the slum areas of
Nottingham
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The Entertainment and
Education Quarter
Theatre, Concert Hall, Cinema
Complex, Nottingham Trent
University
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Nottingham Theatre Quarter
Multiplex Cinema Village 2001 built
on the site of the Nottingham
Evening Post – printing plant.
Now a 16 screen cinema complex
with clubs and bars.
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Cinema and entertainment complex
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Theatre Royal and Concert Hall
Complex
The Theatre Royal was built when the city was
enclosed after 1845 north of Backside. The
theatre was opened in 1865 and was bought and
restored by the city council in 1969. This was one
of Britain's first theatre restoration projects and
has been followed by many others.
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Theatre Royal Nottingham
1860 – 1865.
The redevelopment of the
Theatre Royal in the 1970s
formed the basis for the
development of a
entertainment complex in this
area of the city.
The Theatre Royal is an
example of building which
was remodelled and extended
to meet modern
requirements without
compromising the original
interiors.
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Theatre Royal
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Tram route – Market Street
This street, Market
Street, was cut
through some of the
worst slum housing
areas in Nottingham
in 1865 when the
theatre was built at
its Northern end.
Market Street links
the Market Square to
parliament Street. It
is now traffic free –
with exception of
trams and buses.
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Old Victorian Area
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Hurt’s Yard – Burgess Plots
This is one of the few alleyways
still left which shows the pattern
of building in Victorian
Nottingham – this alley runs
from Parliament Street [called
Back Side] to the Market Square.
This area, once one of the most
overcrowded in Nottingham has
undergone considerable redevelopment with the exception
of this example.
Many of the shops here are
closed and boarded up but ripe
for development in a Dickensian
theme.
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Hurt’s Yard
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Long Row and Market Square
Improve and reuse
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Long Row
Long Row was one of
Nottingham's most important
streets. Originally colonnaded this
is where almost every conceivable
type of service could be found
twenty four hours a day. Most of
the shops extend into caves below.
Competition from the two large
shopping centres – Broad Marsh
and the Victoria Centre has
resulted in this area becoming to
some extent eclipsed although the
Market Square still proves to the
be the main focus of the city.
The Geographical Association P. S. Fox.
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King and Queen Street
King and Queen Street extend from the
Market Square to Parliament Street in
1891-1892. The statue of Brian Clough is
a recent addition to this area celebrating
his links with the city.
The building in the background is the
Prudential Assurance building – 18931898, restored 1991
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Queen’s Chambers – Long Row
This important building was designed
by the local architect – Watson
Fothergill who designed and built many
Nottingham buildings – especially in
‘The Park’.
This Tudorbethan Gothic building was
opened in 1897. It has had a variety of
uses.
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Market Square
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Old Market Square –
Reconstruction 2005 -2006
Gustafson Porter
The Old Market Square lies
at the core of the city. It
remained a Market until
1920s when the Council
House was rebuilt. The
Goose fair was held in the
Square for many centuries
until the fair was moved to
The Forest.
The Square was surrounded
by walls with many steps
and the vision was to
redevelop it into a single
level area which could be
used for a variety of
different events. Here it is
occupied by a large Ferris
wheel.
Market Square
The Council House was
rebuilt as part of the
Nottingham City plan to
upgrade the city in the
1920s. It was designed by
T. Cecil Howitt and
opened 22nd May 1929. It
is modelled on Milan’s
Galleria Vittorio
Emmanuele with a dome
not unlike St Paul’s but
only 200ft high.
The clock bell is called
‘Little John’
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Uses of the Market Square
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Old Market Square Reused
Summer 2009
Nottingham by the sea!
Photographs P. S. Fox
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Bell Inn – Market Square
This is thought to be the oldest Inn in
Nottingham. Part of it lies on the site of a
Carmelite Friary. It was re-fronted in
1820.
It has a vast cave complex under it.
The Geographical Association P. S. Fox.
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St James’s Street
St James’s Street links the
Market Square and Maid
Marion Way. It is a terrace
of early 19th shops and
houses.
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1960s Development
Improve access but at what cost?
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Maid Marion Way – looking North
Maid Marion Way slashed its
way across the western part of
the city centre in 1960 cutting
off the Castle from the Market
Square. It has been said that it
would have been a great
embarrassment to Maid
Marion!
The City Council have worked
hard to allow pedestrians a
better route across it with
crossings.
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Maid Marion Way – Looking South
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The Castle
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Nottingham Castle Gate House
Nottingham Castle stands on a Sherwood
Sandstone Hill to the West of the city centre. It
was constructed by William Peveril [son of
William I] 1067-8. It was used as a Royal Castle
by Henry II, Henry III, Edward III, Edward IV,
Richard I and King John.
By 1525 it was a ruin which was bought and
redeveloped by the Duke of Newcastle, William
Cavendish as a copy of a house in Antwerp.
It was damaged by reform rioters in 1831 and
remodelled by T.C. Hine 1875-8 as one of the
first municipal galleries in the country which it
remains.
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Nottingham Castle Gate House
The only part of the original
castle that remains is the base
of the Gate House and the
curtain walls.
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Severns – Castle Gate
This house built in 1340 was
a restaurant on Middle
Pavement until 1969 when
the Broad Marsh shopping
centre was constructed. It
was dismantled and moved
to this new location.
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Brew house Yard
The Olde Trip to Jerusalem – Castle Gate
This is thought by some to be the oldest
inn in Nottingham but it is thought that
this inn did not open until 1618 not the
1189 displayed. It was not called the Trip
to Jerusalem originally.
However, it probably is on the site of the
Castle brewery.
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1919 redevelopment
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Newcastle House – Castle Boulevard
Newcastle House – 1932 1933.
This factory and offices was
one of the first to be built
using concrete mushroom
columns with an outer skin.
The building was
constructed as part of the
redevelopment of Castle
Boulevard in the 1920s.
To protect the building from
demolition a conservation
area was drawn around it!
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Castle Boulevard – looking west
Castle Boulevard was part of Nottingham
City Councils Post War reconstruction
scheme [1919] which also manifested in
twenty new housing estates and an outer
ring road!
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Gunn and Moore Ltd.
Located in a small factory off Castle
Boulevard this internationally
known firm relocated to an out of
town industrial complex. Its site is
now occupied by high quality
apartments.
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The Canal Corridor and Castle
Marina
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The Nottingham Canal
Corridor Redevelopment.
The canal side route was
refurbished in the late 1990s.
As a ‘green route’ from
Nottingham to Beeston via
Lenton which could be used
by cyclists and pedestrians.
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Nottingham Canal – looking west
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Nottingham from Castle Meadow
looking east
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Castle Meadow Retail Park
This Retail Park is part of the
much larger mixed
development that has taken
place on the site of the
Nottingham railway sidings in
the last twenty years.
The site not only provides a
retail experience but also has
offices, hotels, restaurants, a
marina and many different
types of residential
properties including a gated
community.
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Castle Marina – Castle Meadow – constructed on the
Nottingham Canal
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NG2
The redevelopment of a factory site
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NG2 redevelopment site
NG 2 The
redevelopment and
branding of the Royal
Ordnance Factory site –
a extension to the CBD.
This site was meadow
land until 1915 when a
large munitions factory
was constructed here to
produce shell cases for
the First World War
bombardment. Many
unemployed lace
workers, especially
women were employed.
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NG2
NG2 has been developed on the
site of the Royal Ordnance Factory
as an extension to a corridor
which runs from the city centre.
This is a mixed development of
businesses and retain outlets
[Homebase]
The area has been designed for
easy access and is on the route of
the tram line extension from the
railway Station.
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Castle Meadow
The Castle viewed
from the south –
unknown date
Source: Nottingham
City Library
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Map to show the ROF site in NG2
The Park
Castle
Ordnance factory
Nottingham
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30 September 1915
Royal Ordnance Factory
Castle Meadow – Right
Above- The production of guns during
the Second World War
Source: Nottingham City Library The Geographical Association P. S. Fox.
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Examples of the uses
now found on the ROF
site including Experian –
the credit rating agency.
Almost as many people
are employed on this site
now as were employed
by the Royal Ordnance
Factory.
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Castle Marina – Castle View
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Castle Wharf
From industry to apartments, civic
buildings and entertainment
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View ‘Nottingham’ by Joseph Mallord William Turner which
shows the Castle Wharf area
http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?workid=72596&
searchid=25313&tabview=image
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1923 Castle Warf – Looking North towards the Castle – showing part of
the railway good yard and the Gunn and Moore Factory
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Nottingham Canal - redevelopment
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Inland Revenue Headquarters
1992- 1995 Hopkins
Architects
The move to decentralise
many of the Governments
functions resulted in this
development which was the
result of an architectural
competition. Six blocks and an
amenity building were
constructed employing 2000
people. Tree lined streets
provide for car parking.
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Inland Revenue Headquarters 19921995
Government relocated several
departments from London – this is an
example. 2000 employees were
relocated to this site. The original
plans for the site were strongly
opposed and resulted in a competition
– this is the result.
Designed by Hopkins Architects the
building complements the castle in its
design with round turrets and several
different blocks.
The building was designed to be
environmentally friendly too.
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Inland Revenue Headquarters
Utility building
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British Waterways warehouse
Built 1919 as part of the City
Redevelopment plan.
Now converted into offices, restaurants
and apartments – by Franklin Ellis 1998 2000
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Magistrates Courts Complex
The Magistrates Courts were moved from a
Victorian building to the North of the city centre
to this canal side location – 1992- 1995
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Fellows Morton and Clayton
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‘Little Venice’
‘It’s Just like Venice’ – Paul
Morel – Sons and Lovers
Like many cities Nottingham
rediscovered its waterfront in
the 1970s and was tidied up
making it much more attractive
to developers.
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Fellows Morton and Clayton
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How do we measure redevelopment?
• Sustainability –
• Environment – of building, of its use, of getting to
it,
• Social – Impact on people as a place of
employment, entertainment
• Economic – Costs and benefits, employment
• Political / Cultural – Respect for the cultural, are
people happy about it – what do they think?
• Physical impact – on the area
• Site – How does it relate to its site
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Produced by
P. S. Fox.
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