Transcript Theaters of the world

Theaters of the
world
Makhachkala DGU, 2013
Theatre is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live
performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event
before a live audience in a specific place. The performers may
communicate this experience to the audience through combinations
of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of design
and stagecraft are used to enhance the physicality, presence and
immediacy of the experience.
There are many theaters in the world. Some of them will be
discussed in the presentation. Enjoy …
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The Odessa National Academic Theatre
of Opera and Ballet is the oldest theatre
in Odessa, Ukraine. The Theatre and the
Potemkin Stairs are the most famous
edifices in Odessa.
The first opera house was opened in
1810 and destroyed by fire in 1873. The
modern building was constructed by
Fellner & Helmer in neo-baroque
(Vienna Baroque) style and opened in
1887. The architecture of the luxurious
audience hall follows the late French
rococo style. The unique acoustics of
the horseshoe-designed hall allows to
deliver even a whisper-low tone of
voice from the stage to any part of the
hall. The most recent renovation of the
theater was completed in 2007.
VIENNA STATE OPERA
The Vienna State Opera is an opera house - and opera
company - with a history dating back to the mid-19th century.
It is located in the centre of Vienna, Austria. It was originally
called the Vienna Court Opera (Wiener Hofoper). In 1920, with
the replacement of the Habsburg Monarchy by the First
Republic of Austria, it was renamed the Vienna State Opera.
The members of the Vienna Philharmonic are recruited from its
orchestra.
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The Mariinsky Theatre is a historic theatre of opera and ballet
in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Opened in 1860, it became the
preeminent music theatre of late 19th century Russia, where
many of the stage masterpieces of Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky,
and Rimsky-Korsakov received their premieres. Through most
of the Soviet era, it was known as the Kirov Theatre. Today, the
Mariinsky Theatre is home to the Mariinsky Ballet, Mariinsky
Opera and Mariinsky Orchestra. Since Yuri Temirkanov's
retirement in 1988, the conductor Valery Gergiev has served as
the theatre's general director.
The Verona Arena
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The Verona Arena is a Roman amphitheatre in Piazza
Bra in Verona, Italy, which is internationally famous
for the large-scale opera performances given there. It
is one of the best preserved ancient structures of its
kind.
The building itself was built in AD 30 on a site which
was then beyond the city walls. The ludi (shows and
games) staged there were so famous that spectators
came from many other places, often far away, to
witness them. The amphitheatre could host more
than 30,000 spectators in ancient times.
The round façade of the building was originally
composed of white and pink limestone from
Valpolicella, but after a major earthquake in 1117,
which almost completely destroyed the structure's
outer ring, except for the so-called «ala», the stone
was quarried for re-use in other buildings.
Nevertheless it impressed medieval visitors to the
city, one of whom considered it to have been a
labyrinth, without ingress or egress. Ciriaco d'Ancona
was filled with admiration for the way it had been
built and Giovanni Antonio Panteo's civic panegyric
De laudibus veronae, 1483, remarked that it struck
the viewer as a construction that was more than
human.
The National Theatre in Prague
The Semperoper
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The Semperoper is the opera house of the Sächsische Staatsoper
Dresden (Saxon State Opera) and the concert hall of the Sächsische
Staatskapelle Dresden (Saxon State Orchestra). It is also home to the
Semperoper ballet. The building is located near the Elbe River in the
historic centre of Dresden, Germany.
The opera house was originally built by the architect Gottfried Semper in
1841. After a devastating fire in 1869, the opera house was rebuilt, partly
again by Semper, and completed in 1878. The opera house has a long
history of premieres, including major works by Richard Wagner and
Richard Strauss.
LA SCALA
La Scala (abbreviation in Italian language for
the official name Teatro alla Scala) is a worldrenowned opera house in Milan, Italy. The
theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778
and was originally known as the New RoyalDucal Theatre alla Scala (Nuovo Regio
Ducale Teatro alla Scala). The premiere
performance was Antonio Salieri's Europa
riconosciuta.
Most of Italy's greatest operatic artists, and
many of the finest singers from around the
world, have appeared at La Scala during the
past 200 years. Today, the theatre is still
recognised as one of the leading opera and
ballet theatres in the world and is home to the
La Scala Theatre Chorus, La Scala Theatre
Ballet and La Scala Theatre Orchestra. The
theatre also has an associate school, known
as the La Scala Theatre Academy (Italian:
Accademia Teatro alla Scala), which offers
professional training in music, dance, stage
craft and stage management.
• The Bolshoi Theatre is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, designed by architect Joseph
Bové, which holds performances ofballet and opera. The theatre's original name was the
Imperial Bolshoi Theatre of Moscow, while the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre (demolished
in 1886), was called the Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre.
• At that time, all Russian theatres were imperial property. Moscow and St. Petersburg each
had only two theatres, one intended for opera and ballet (these were known as the
Bolshoi Theatres), and one for plays (tragedies and comedies). Because opera and ballet
were considered nobler than drama, the opera houses were named «Grand Theatres»
(«Bolshoi» is Russian for «large» or «grand») and the drama theatres were called the
«Smaller Theatre» («Maly» is Russian for «small», «lesser», or «little»).
• The Bolshoi Ballet and Bolshoi Opera are amongst the oldest and most renowned ballet
and opera companies in the world. It is by far the world's biggest ballet company, having
more than 200 dancers. The theatre is the parent company of The Bolshoi Ballet Academy,
a world-famous leading school of ballet. It has a branch at the Bolshoi Theatre School in
Joinville, Brazil.
THE BOLSHOI THEATRE (PICTURE)
The Palais Garnier
The Palais Garnier is a 1,979-seat opera house, which was
built from 1861 to 1875 for the Paris Opera. It was originally
called the Salle des Capucines because of its location on the
Boulevard des Capucines in the 9th arrondissement of
Paris, but soon became known as the Palais Garnier in
recognition of its opulence and its architect, Charles
Garnier. The theatre is also often referred to as the Opéra
Garnier, and historically was known as the Opéra de Paris
or simply the Opéra, as it was the primary home of the Paris
Opera and its associatedParis Opera Ballet until 1989, when
the Opéra Bastille opened at the Place de la Bastille. The
Paris Opera now mainly uses the Palais Garnier for ballet.
The Palais Garnier is «probably the most famous opera
house in the world, a symbol of Paris like Notre Dame
Cathedral, the Louvre, or the Sacré Coeur Basilica.» This is
at least partly due to its use as the setting for Gaston
Leroux's 1910 novel The Phantom of the Opera and,
especially, the novel's subsequent adaptations in film and
on stage. Another contributing factor is that among the
buildings constructed in Paris during the Second Empire,
besides being the most expensive, it has been described as
the only one that is «unquestionably a masterpiece of the
first rank.» This opinion is far from unanimous however:
the 20th-century French architect Le Corbusier once
described it as «a lying art» and contended that the
«Garnier movement is a décor of the grave».
THE SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE
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The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Situated on
Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour, close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the facility is adjacent to the Sydney central
business district and the Royal Botanic Gardens, between Sydney and Farm Coves.
Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, the facility formally opened on 20 October 1973 after a gestation beginning
with Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition. The NSW Government, led by Premier
Joseph Cahill authorised work to begin in 1958, with Utzon directing construction. The government's decision to build
Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well
as the architect's ultimate resignation.
Though its name suggests a single venue, the project comprises multiple performance venues which together are
among the busiest performing arts centres in the world — hosting over 1,500 performances each year attended by
some 1.2 million people. The venues produce and present a wide range of in-house productions and accommodate
numerous performing arts companies, including four key resident companies: Opera Australia, The Australian Ballet,
the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. As one of the most popular visitor attractions in
Australia, more than seven million people visit the site each year, with 300,000 people participating annually in a
guided tour of the facility.
The Royal Opera House
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The Royal Opera House is an opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden, central London. The
large building is often referred to as simply «Covent Garden», after a previous use of the site of the opera house's
original construction in 1732. It is the home of The Royal Opera, The Royal Ballet, and the Orchestra of the Royal
Opera House. Originally called the Theatre Royal, it served primarily as a playhouse for the first hundred years of its
history. In 1734, the first ballet was presented. A year later, Handel's first season of operas began. Many of his operas
and oratorios were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there.
The current building is the third theatre on the site following disastrous fires in 1808 and 1857. The façade, foyer, and
auditorium date from 1858, but almost every other element of the present complex dates from an extensive
reconstruction in the 1990s. The Royal Opera House seats 2,256 people and consists of four tiers of boxes and
balconies and the amphitheatre gallery. The proscenium is 12.20 m wide and 14.80 m high. The main auditorium is a
Grade 1 listed building as noted by Theatres Trust.
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