Transcript green building

Mk. LANDUSE PLANNING
Soemarno- ppsub 2 maret 2013
1
Peredam Cahaya Silau
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melunakkan cahaya matahari tergantung
pada ukuran dan kerapatannya.
Jenis pohon dapat dipilih berdasarkan
ketinggian maupun kerimbunan
tajuknya.
What is a Green Building?
Sustainable or “green
building” design and
construction is the opportunity
to use our resources more
efficiently while creating
healthier and more energyefficient homes.
The green design involves finding
the delicate balance between
homebuilding and the sustainable
environment.
FOTO: smno.kampus.ub.jul2012
Although there is no magic
formula, success comes in the
form a leaving a lighter
footprint on the environment
through conservation of
resources, while at the same
time balancing energyefficient, cost-effective, lowmaintenance products for our
construction needs.
Zona-terbangun Ramah Lingkungan?
As the green philosophy continues to grow, specifiers will
increasingly face pressures to use or not to use certain
products. In a handful of states, proposed regulatory language
and tax incentives have already been introduced to
incorporate, or not to incorporate, certain products based on
“green” attributes. However, specifiers are cautioned to focus
less on products, and more on a sum of the products as a
whole.
The benefits of plastic, with its lightweight and airtight
properties, provide specifiers an alternative to some of the
hard-to-find raw materials. With a greater understanding of the
variety of plastic compounds and products, specifiers will
have new options for sustainable design efforts.
Green building
Green building is the practice
of increasing the efficiency
with which buildings and
their sites use and harvest
energy, water, and materials,
and reducing building
impacts on human health
and the environment,
through better siting, design,
construction, operation,
maintenance, and removal —
the complete building life
cycle.
www.treehugger.com/2007/08/26-week/
GREEN BUILDING
Green building is also sometimes
known as sustainable building or
environmental building, although
the terms are sometimes defined
or used differently. A similar
concept is natural building,
which is usually on a smaller
scale and tends to focus on the
use of natural materials that are
available locally.
Other commonly used terms
include sustainable design and
green architecture; however,
while good design is essential to
green building, the actual
operation, maintenance, and
ultimate disposal or
deconstruction of the building
also have very significant effects
on buildings' overall
environmental impact.
www.sustainablecitiesnet.com/.../
Diminishing natural
resources, pollution,
and the ever
increasing price of
gasoline are just a
few motivating
reasons to recycle
and protect our
fragile environment.
One way
responsible
corporations have
taken the green
initiative is through
environmentally
sustainable building
practices and
materials.
blog.cravingstogo.com/category/blog/go-green/
The practice of green
building can lead to
benefits including :
1. reduced operating
costs by increasing
productivity and
using less energy and
water,
2. improved public and
occupant health due
to improved indoor
air quality, and
3. reduced environment
impacts by, lessening
storm water runoff
and the heat island
effect.
www.envspgroup.com/Services/air_quality.htm
Green building is an essential
component of the related
concepts of sustainable design,
sustainable development and
general sustainability.
Practitioners of green building
often seek to achieve not only
ecological but aesthetic
harmony between a structure
and its surrounding natural and
built environment.
The appearance and style of
sustainable homes and
buildings can be nearly
indistinguishable from their less
sustainable counterparts.
Sustainable design strives to
balance development, social
equality, ecology, and
economics.
www.erdc.usace.army.mil/pls/erdcpub/www_fact_...
Green building is
increasingly being
governed and
driven by
standards, such as
the Leadership in
Energy and
Environmental
Design (LEED)
rating system
developed by the
U.S. Green
Building Council.
TEORI
FOTOSINTESIS
Tanaman tebu Saccharum
officinarum sangat efisien
menghasilkan sukrose
yang berlebihan
jumlahnya.
Proses ini menangkap
energi radiasi matahari
dan mengubahnya
menjadi senyawa organik,
glukose.
Proses ini disebut
FOTOSINTESIS.
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caltonfoundations.wordpress.com/green-building/
Green Building Design Elements
1. Foundations
2. Electrical
3. Plumbing
4. Flooring
5. Decking, Fencing & Railing
6. Roofing
7. Insulation
8. Wall
9. Coverings
10. Windows
11. Siding
12. Acoustics
13. Doors
14. Finishing
The environmental impact of
buildings
Buildings have a profound effect
on the environment, which is why
green building practices are so
important to reduce and perhaps
one day eliminate those impacts.
In the United States alone,
buildings account for:
39 % of total energy use
12 % of total water consumption
68 % of total electricity
consumption
38 % of total carbon dioxide
emissions
PRAKTEK BANGUNAN HIJAU
Green building brings together a vast array of practices and
techniques to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts
of buildings on the environment.
On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable
design is the philosophy of designing a building that in
harmony with the natural features and resources
surrounding the site.
There are several key steps in designing sustainable
buildings: specify 'green' building materials from local
sources, reduce loads, optimize systems, and generate onsite renewable energy.
Building materials typically considered to be 'green'
include rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo
and straw, lumber from forests certified to be
sustainably managed, stone, recycled metal, and other
products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or
recyclable.
Building materials should be extracted and
manufactured locally to the building site to minimize
the energy embedded in their transportation.
greenbydesign.com/.../
Low-impact building materials are used wherever
feasible: for example, insulation may be made
from low VOC (volatile organic compound)emitting materials such as recycled denim, rather
than the insulation materials that may contain
carcinogenic or toxic materials such as
formaldehyde.
To discourage insect damage, these alternate
insulation materials may be treated with boric
acid. Organic or milk-based paints may be used.
APA KONSTRUKSI HIJAU?
Sustainable or “green building” design and construction
is the opportunity to use our resources more efficiently,
while creating healthier and more energy-efficient
homes.
The success comes in the form of leaving a lighter
footprint on the environment through conservation of
resources, while at the same time balancing energyefficient, cost-effective, low-maintenance products for
our construction needs.
APA KONSTRUKSI
HIJAU?
Green building design
involves finding the
delicate balance
between homebuilding
and the sustainable
environment.
Learn more about
reducing global
warming.
FOTO: smno.kampus.ub. janu2013
Architectural salvage
and reclaimed materials
are used when
appropriate as well.
When older buildings
are demolished,
frequently any good
wood is reclaimed,
renewed, and sold as
flooring.
Many other parts are
reused as well, such as
doors, windows,
mantels, and hardware,
thus reducing the
consumption of new
goods.
When new materials are
employed, green designers
look for materials that are
rapidly replenished, such
as bamboo, which can be
harvested for commercial
use after only 6 years of
growth, or cork oak, in
which only the outer bark
is removed for use, thus
preserving the tree.
When possible, building
materials may be gleaned
from the site itself; for
example, if a new structure
is being constructed in a
wooded area, wood from
the trees which were cut to
make room for the building
would be re-used as part of
the building itself.
www.travelpod.com/.../1254886332/tpod.html
To minimize the energy loads
within and on the structure, it is
critical to orient the building to
take advantage of cooling breezes
and sunlight. Daylighting with
ample windows will eliminate the
need to turn on electric lights
during the day (and provide
great views outside too).
Passive Solar can warm a
building in the winter - but care
needs to be taken to provide
shade in the summer time to
prevent overheating. Prevailing
breezes and convection currents
can passively cool the building in
the summer.
riverstonehomesny.com/green_design.htm
Passive Solar Design:
plays a crucial role in using
the sun’s energy to help heat
the home in the winter while
shading it from the sun during
the summer months. This is
accomplished with two basic
strategies: lot design and
extended roof overhangs. Lot
design is utilized through
proper orientation of southern
facing windows to the sun. In
addition, existing or planned
vegitation can be utilized in
order to allow in or block sun
and wind. Overhangs are
extended in order to maximize
the sun's energy in the winter
and minimizing in the
summer.
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Geothermal Heating and
Cooling: the earth beneath us
offers us a relatively stable
temperature that we can use
as a heat sink or a heat
source as needed.
Geothermal heat pumps
capitalize on this fact and
greatly reduce the need for
fossil fuels to heat and cool
our houses. This greatly
reduces the home’s energy
use, resulting in dramatically
reduced utility bills and lower
production of green house
gases. As an alternative,
increasing the effectiveness
of the insulation and air
barriers can reduce energy
needs for heating and cooling
to a point where a modulating
high-efficiency natural gas
furnace could be used at a
significant savings.
Insulated Concrete
Forms (ICF):
by using insulated
concrete forms to build
the exterior walls of
the home, we can use
their inherent high Rvalue and very low air
infiltration property to
greatly reduce the
overall energy load
needed to heat and
cool our homes.
Heat Recovery
Ventilator:
due to the superior air barrier
qualities of the ICF and
cellulose insulation, our homes
need to be vented and allowed
to breathe.
Standard mechanical systems
vent conditioned air (i.e. heated
indoor air in the winter, cooled
indoor air in the summer) to the
outside and bring in
unconditioned air which must
then be heated or cooled.
Heat recovery ventilators allow
us to bring in fresh outside air
and pre-condition it with the air
that we are ventilating.
The Dream Green Barn will
feature:
Structural Insulated wall panels
for minimum heat loss and
efficiency
Reflection Insulation via pure
aluminum radiant barrier
Energy efficient lighting with
high output fluorescent lighting
Natural barn environment
ventilation featuring natural
chimney vent and cathedral
ceiling via a scissor truss design
Stall and wall planking featuring
a recycled plastic plank
Horse mattress consisting of
recycled rubber
Thermal mass stores heat
gained during the day and
releases it at night minimizing
the swings in temperature.
Thermal mass can both heat
the building in winter and cool
it during the summer.
Insulation is the final step to
optimizing the structure.
Well-insulated windows,
doors, and walls help reduce
energy loss, thereby reducing
energy usage.
These design features don't
cost much money to construct
and significantly reduce the
energy needed to make the
building comfortable.
www.postfarm.ca/PFS/green.php
Optimizing the heating and
cooling systems through
installing energy efficient
machinery, commissioning, and
heat recovery is the next step.
Compared to optimizing the
passive heating and cooling
features through design, the
gains made by engineering are
relatively expensive and can add
significantly to the projects cost.
However, thoughtful integrated
design can reduce costs -- for
example, once a building has
been designed to be more
energy-efficient, it may be
possible to downsize heating,
ventilation and air-conditioning
(HVAC) equipment, leading to
substantial savings.
acminisplitblog.com/
To further address energy loss hot
water heat recycling is used to
reduce energy usage for domestic
water heating.
Ground source heat pumps are
more energy efficient then other
forms of heating and cooling until
you factor in the energy lost
during generation and
transmission if the project is on
the grid.
Finally, onsite generation of
renewable energy through solar
power, wind power, hydro power,
or biomass can significantly
reduce the environmental impact
of the building.
www.treehugger.com/2008/07/27-week/
Power generation is the most
expensive feature to add to a
building.
Good green architecture also
reduces waste, of energy,
water and materials.
During the construction
phase, one goal should be
to reduce the amount of
material going to
landfills.
Well-designed buildings also
help reduce the amount
of waste generated by the
occupants as well, by
providing onsite
solutions such as
compost bins to reduce
matter going to landfills.
kodokloncatz.co.cc/anggitadwiyani/
Green building often
emphasizes taking
advantage of renewable
resources, e.g., using
sunlight through passive
solar, active solar, and
photovoltaic techniques and
using plants and trees
through green roofs, rain
gardens, and for reduction
of rainwater run-off.
Many other techniques,
such as using packed gravel
for parking lots instead of
concrete or asphalt to
enhance replenishment of
ground water, are used as
well.
Green building worldwide
Standards and ratings
Many countries have developed their own standards of energy
efficiency for buildings.
Code for Sustainable Homes, United Kingdom
EnerGuide for Houses, Canada (energy retrofits & up-grades)
EnerGuide for New Houses, Canada (new construction)
Green Building Council of Australia's Green Star
Haute Qualité Environnementale, France
House Energy Rating, Australia
Green Globes, USA, Canada and United Kingdom
Minergie, Switzerland
National Association of Home Builders Green Building Guidelines, USA
Passivhaus, Germany, Austria, United Kingdom
EEWH, Taiwan
Australia
There is a system in place in Australia
called First Rate designed to increase
energy efficiency of residential buildings.
The Green Building Council of Australia
(GBCA) has developed a green building
standard known as Green Star..
In Adelaide, South Australia, there are at
least two different projects that
incorporate the principles of Green
building. The Eco-City development is
located in Adelaide's city centre and the
Aldinga Arts Eco Village is located in
Aldinga. Guidelines for building
developments in each project are outlined
in the bylaws. The bylaws include grey
water reuse, reuse of stormwater, capture
of rainwater, use of solar panels for
electricity and hotwater, solar passive
building design and community gardens
and landscaping.
Canada
Canada has implemented "r2000" guidelines for new buildings built
after the year 2000. Incentives are offered to builders to meet the
r2000 standard in an effort to increase energy efficiency and
promote sustainability. In December 2002, Canada formed the
Canada Green Building Council and in July 2003 obtained an
exclusive licence from the US Green Building Council to adapt the
LEED rating system to Canadian circumstances.
Beamish-Munro Hall at Queen's University features sustainable
construction methods such as high fly-ash concrete, triple-glazed
windows, dimmable fluorescent lights and a grid-tied photovoltaic
array.
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Germany
German developments that employ
green building techniques include:
The Solarsiedlung (Solar Village) in
Freiburg, Germany, which features
energy-plus houses.
The Vauban development, also in
Freiburg.
Houses designed by Baufritz,
incorporating passive solar design,
heavily insulated walls, triple-glaze
doors and windows, non-toxic paints
and finishes, summer shading, heat
recovery ventilation, and greywater
treatment systems.
The new Reichstag building in
Berlin, which produces its own
energy.
www.rsc.org/.../February/AgendaForInnovation.asp
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INDIA: ENERGY
EFFICIENT BUILDINGS
IN INDIA
The Confederation of
Indian Industry plays an
active role in promoting
sustainability in the Indian
construction sector.
There are many energy
efficient buildings in India,
situated in a variety of
climatic zones.
www.bajajecotec.com/?page=igbc_cert
Malaysia
The Standards and
Industrial Research
Institute of Malaysia
(SIRIM) promotes
green building
techniques.
Malaysian architect
Ken Yeang is a
prominent voice in the
area of ecological
design.
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United States
The United States Green Building
Council (USGBC) has developed The
Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) Green
Building Rating System™, which is the
nationally accepted benchmark for the
design, construction, and operation of
high performance green buildings.
LEED gives building owners and
operators the tools they need to have an
immediate and measurable impact on
their buildings’ performance.
LEED promotes a whole-building
approach to sustainability by
recognizing performance in five key
areas of human and environmental
health: sustainable site development,
water savings, energy efficiency,
materials selection, and indoor
environmental quality.
www.arlingtonva.us/.../page58309.aspx
They have developed specific versions of the LEED rating system to
assist specific building types in achieving certification. Some of the
commercially available systems are:
LEED-NC: New Construction and Major Renovations (the most
commonly applied-for LEED certification)[6]
LEED-CI: Commercial Interiors
LEED-CS: Core/Shell)
LEED-EB: Existing Buildings
LEED-Homes
Other versions that will soon be released for public consumption are:
LEED-ND: Neighborhood Developments
LEED for Schools
LEED for Healthcare
LEED for Labs
LEED for Retail
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A Framework for Energy
Improvements
In the context of climate
change, energy is the most
significant area of assessment
within Green Globes-CIEB. A
combined focus on energy
use, building features and
management helps to pinpoint
where performance is lacking
and what corrective action is
required. The system uses the
EPA’s Portfolio Manager to
determine a consumption
target in k/Btus for each
building type, and, where
appropriate, buildings must
meet a minimum performance
target of 75 percent based on
the comparable EPA Target
Finder building.
www.edcmag.com/Articles/Column/BNP_GUID_9-5-2...
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Green Globes-CIEB is being pilot-tested
in the U.S. this year.
The goal is to demonstrate that it
provides the combination of a
credible baseline and guidance that
allows users to plan with accuracy
the interventions required to
achieve measured reductions in
energy consumption for existing
buildings.
In the first six weeks after the
launch of the pilot, the GBI
registered 111 users, and 34
buildings began the assessment
process.
This supports our belief not only in the
urgent need for practical and costeffective tools such as Green
Globes-CIEB, but in the ability of
such tools to transform the market
from one in which green building
leads to valuable but imprecise
benefits, to one in which it defines
the path for achieving specific and
measured environmental goals.
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duckdown.blogspot.com/2008_06_01_archive.html
The Green Building Initiative is
a non-profit network of
building industry leaders
committed to bringing
green to mainstream
residential and
commercial construction.
The GBI believes in building
approaches that are
environmentally
progressive, but also
practical and affordable
for builders to implement.
www.klmgroup.com.au/ar_08/areas.htm
The GBI has developed an
easy to use, inexpensive
and web-based rating tool
called Green Globes,
which is being upgraded
in accordance with ANSI
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procedures.
The United States
Environmental Protection
Agency's EnergyStar
program rates commercial
buildings for energy
efficiency and provides
EnergyStar qualifications
for new homes that meet
their standards for energy
efficient building design.
ShoreBank, an American
community development
bank, has pioneered
lending to developers for
Green Building projects
and energy audits of
existing structures.
small-house-building.com/wisely-using-earths-...
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In 2005, Washington became the first state in the U.S. to enact green
building legislation.
According to the law, all major public agency facilities with a floor
area exceeding 5,000 square feet (465 m²), including state funded
school buildings, are required to meet or exceed LEED standards
in construction or renovation.
The projected benefits from this law are:
20% annual savings in energy costs
20% reduction in water costs
38% reduction in waste water production
22% reduction in construction waste
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www.calumetconstruction.com/about_us.html
In 2006, Charlottesville, VA
became one of the first small
towns in the US to enact green
building legislation.
This presents a significant shift in
construction and architecture as
LEED regulations have formerly
been focused on commercial
construction.
If US homeowner interest grows
in "green" residential
construction, the companies
involved in the production and
manufacturing of LEED building
materials will become likely
candidates for tomorrow's round
of private equity and IPO
investing.
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Active solar
BedZED - Zero-carbon
building in the UK
Brise soleil
Cobb Hill Cohousing
Deconstruction (building)
Domotics
Earthship
Ecocity
Ecological living
Ecopolis
Environmental planning
Energy-plus-house
Geo-exchange
Green architecture
Green highway
Green technology
snapshot-ap.tumblr.com/
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Buildings are major energy consumers,
accounting for 40 percent of all energy use
in the United States. Starting in the 1970s,
concerns about spiking oil prices led the
federal government to research methods to
improve the energy efficiency of buildings,
spur the development of renewable energy
sources and foster environmentally friendly
business practices. The focus on green
building wavered in the years that followed,
as oil prices slid. But in recent times,
concerns about climate change and rising
energy costs have lent fresh momentum to
sustainable building practices among a
growing number of designers, contractors,
real estate developers, environmental
groups and public policymakers. Buildings
are responsible for 38 percent of carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions in the U.S., more
than the transportation or industrial sectors,
according to the U.S. Green Building
Council.
International Initiative for a
Sustainable Built Environment
(iiSBE)
Low-energy house
Metal Roofing Alliance
Natural building
Natural Capital Center
Green redevelopment of a building
on the National Register
Paragon Space Development
Green building engineering
Passive house
Passive solar
Photovoltaics
Self-build
Sustainability
Sustainable design
Sustainable development
Sustainable habitat
Zero-energy building 46
Italian
architects AKA
architetti have
won a
competition for
a low-energy
wooden house.
www.dezeen.com/.../
Ramah lingkungan = hemat
Fakta akibat pemanasan global
mendorong lahirnya berbagai inovasi
produk industri terus berkembang dalam
dunia arsitektur dan bahan bangunan.
Konsep pembangunan arsitektur hijau
menekankan peningkatan efisiensi
dalam penggunaan air, energi, dan
material bangunan, mulai dari desain,
pembangunan, hingga pemeliharaan
bangunan itu ke depan.
Desain rancang bangunan memerhatikan
banyak bukaan untuk memaksimalkan
sirkulasi udara dan cahaya alami. Sedikit
mungkin menggunakan penerangan
lampu dan pengondisi udara pada siang
hari.
blog.architectureaddiction.com/.../07/03/p229
Desain bangunan hemat energi,
membatasi lahan terbangun, layout
sederhana, ruang mengalir, kualitas
bangunan bermutu, efisiensi bahan, dan
material ramah lingkungan. Atap-atap
bangunan dikembangkan menjadi taman
atap (roof garden, green roof) yang
memiliki nilai ekologis tinggi (suhu udara
turun, pencemaran berkurang, ruang
hijau bertambah).
The LEED program breaks Green into the following eight
categories:
1. Innovation and Design
Process
2. Location and Linkages
3. Water Efficiency
4. Sustainable Sites
5. Energy and Atmosphere
6. Materials and Resources
7. Indoor Environmental
Quality
8. Awareness and Education