Transcript Earthquakes - cloudfront.net

October 13, 2014
Agenda
1. Roll
2. Supplies to Turn in?
3. PowerPoint titled: Earthquakes and
Society Part 2
4. Video “Mega Quake: The hour that
shook Japan” Part 2
Subject Area: Earthquakes and Society
EQ: How do Earthquakes change human
and wildlife habitats?
Questions:
1. What is earthquake hazard?
2. What are the methods of earthquake
forecasting?
3. How can you safeguard buildings
against earthquakes?
4. How can you be safe in the event of
an Earthquake?
Earthquakes and Society
Earthquakes are very
dangerous. Seismologists
have had some success in
predicting earthquakes,
but being aware is simply
not enough. It is important
for people in areas where
earthquakes occur to be
prepared.
Earthquake Hazard
Earthquake hazard measures how prone an
area is to experiencing an earthquake in
the future. This can be shown in an
Earthquake Hazard Map.
Partner Share:
What does an earthquake hazard map show?
An Earthquake Hazard map shows …
Earthquake Forecasting
Worldwide Earthquake Frequency
(based on observations since 1900)
Earthquake Forecasting is
predicting when and
where earthquakes
occur and how strong
they will be. This is a
very difficult task. The
most they can predict is
the frequency that they
have occurred compared
to the magnitude.
Descriptor
Magnitude
Average
Occurring
Annually
Great
8.0 and up
1
Major
7.0 – 7.9
18
Strong
6.0 – 6.9
120
Moderate
5.0 – 5.9
800
Light
4.0 – 4.9
About 6,200
Minor
3.0 – 3.9
About
49,000
Very Minor
2.0 – 2.9
About
365,000
This graph is found on page 176 of your textbook!
The Gap Hypothesis
The gap hypothesis states
that sections of active
faults that have relatively
few earthquakes are likely
to be the site of strong
earthquakes in the future.
The Gap
Hypothesis
The area along
a fault where
few
earthquakes
have occurred
are called
seismic gaps.
Partner Share:
Which earthquake forecast predicts a more precise location?
The earthquake forecast that predicts a more precise location is …
This is the End of Part 1
Video questions for your
Science Notebook
Mega Quake: The hour that
shook Japan Part 1
What did you know?
Skip 3 lines
What did you learn?
Skip 3 lines
What do you want to know?
Skip 3 lines
Earthquakes and Buildings
Earthquakes can shake the ground out from
under buildings. People have learned a lot
from buildings that have failed during an
earthquake. They have created technology
to help protect buildings during an
earthquake.
Some Earthquake Devices
These are some devices for preparing
buildings for earthquakes:
1. Mass Damper
2. Cross-braces
3. Flexible pipes
4. Base isolators
5. Active Tendon system
Mass Damper
The mass damper is a weight placed in the
roof of the building. Computers sense
motion and shift the weight to counteract
the movement of the earthquake.
Cross Braces
Steel cross-braces are placed between
floors. These braces counteract pressure
that pushes and pulls at the sides of a
building during an earthquake.
Flexible Pipes
Flexible pipes are designed with flexible
joints so the pipes are better able to twist
and bend without breaking during an
earthquake.
Base Isolators
Base isolators act as shock absorbers
during an earthquake. They absorb the
seismic waves before they travel through
the building.
Active Tendon System
Active tendon system works like the mass
damper. A computer senses the
movement and shifts the weight under the
building to compensate.
Are you prepared for an
earthquake?
If you live in an earthquake prone area you
need to prepare. There are many things
you can do to protect yourself and your
property from earthquakes.
Before the Shaking Starts
The first thing you should do is safeguard
your house against earthquakes. What are
some things you can do?
•Fasten bookcases and cabinets to nearby walls.
• Install latches on cabinet doors and drawers.
•Secure electronic equipment, artwork and other breakable
items to the tops of bookcases and cabinets.
•Anchor large appliances to nearby walls.
•Secure pictures and bulletin boards to walls.
•Attach safety cables to light fixtures, suspended ceilings
and other hanging items.
•Apply safety film to windows and doors.
•Secure water heater to nearby wall.
Earthquake Emergency Kit
What items should you place in an earthquake emergency kit?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Bottled water
Nonperishable foods
Flashlight
Batteries
Bucket
Milk
Rubber Gloves
Safety Goggles
First-aid Kit
Money
Electric Can Opener
Radio
Clean rags
Tissues (Wipes)
Toilet Paper
Deck of playing cards
Blanket
When the Shaking Starts
What should you do when the shaking
starts?
If you're indoors, stay there. Get under -- and hold onto --a desk or table, or
stand against an interior wall. Stay clear of exterior walls, glass, heavy furniture,
fireplaces and appliances. The kitchen is a particularly dangerous spot. If you’re
in an office building, stay away from windows and outside walls and do not use
the elevator.
If you're outside, get into the open. Stay clear of buildings, power lines or
anything else that could fall on you.
If you're driving, move the car out of traffic and stop. Avoid parking under or on
bridges or overpasses. Try to get clear of trees, light posts, signs and power lines.
When you resume driving, watch out for road hazards.
If you're in a mountainous area, beware of the potential for landslides. Likewise,
if you're near the ocean, be aware that tsunamis are associated with large
earthquakes. Get to high ground.
If you’re in a crowded public place, avoid panicking and do not rush for the exit.
Stay low and cover your head and neck with your hands and arms.
After the Shaking Stops
Being in an earthquake is a startling
experience. Afterward, you should not be
surprised to find your self and others
puzzled about what happened. Remain
calm and remove yourself from immediate
danger.
After the Shaking Stops
What should you do after the shaking stops?
Check for fire or fire hazards. If you smell gas, shut off the main gas
valve. If there's evidence of damage to electrical wiring, shut off the
power at the control box.
If the phone is working, only use it in case of emergency. Likewise,
avoid driving if possible to keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles.
Be aware that items may fall out of cupboards or closets when the door
is opened, and also that chimneys can be weakened and fall with a
touch. Check for cracks and damage to the roof and foundation of your
home.
Listen to the radio for important information and instructions.
Remember that aftershocks, sometimes large enough to cause damage
in their own right, generally follow large quakes.
If you leave home, leave a message telling friends and family your
location.
Would this be a safe place?
Would this be a safe place?
Would this be a safe place?
Would this be a safe place?
Would this be a safe place?
Would this be a safe place?
Would this be a safe place?
This is the End of Part 2
Video questions for your
Science Notebook
Mega Quake: The hour that
shook Japan Part 2
What did you know?
Skip 3 lines
What did you learn?
Skip 3 lines
What do you want to know?
Skip 3 lines