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People’s Friendship University of Russia
Medical Faculty
Department of General Dentistry
THE AIMS AND THE TASKS OF
PROPHYLAXIS.
THE MAIN AND ADDITIONAL MEANS
OF THE HYGIENE OF ORAL CAVITY.
Moscow
PROPHYLAXIS (PREVENTION) OF DENTAL DISEASES–
- activities to prevent the emergence and development of
diseases of the oral cavity.
AIMS OF PROPHYLAXIS:
• To decrease the prevalence and intensity of dental diseases, increase
the number of persons without caries;
• To reduce the percentage of persons with signs of diseases of
periodontal tissues, to reduce bleeding gums, tartar and pathological
pockets of the gums.
THE TASKS OF PROPHYLAXIS:
- To reduce the value of indexes, that characterize
plaque;
- To increase the number of persons, taking right care
of their oral cavity.
INDIVIDUAL ORAL HYGIENE is a patient’s thorough and regular removing of dental plaque with
different means of hygiene.
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THE MAIN MEANS OF HYGIENE
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TOOTHBRUSH;
TOOTHPASTE.
ADDITIONAL MEANS OF HYGIENE
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•
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MOUTH RINSE;
CHEWING GUM;
DENTAL FLOSS;
TOOTHPICK;
IRRIGATOR;
INTERDENTAL BRUSH;
TONGUE BRUSH.
Toothbrushes consist of:
-
Head
handle.
Differ from each other by:
-
size;
properties of bristles;
the form of the head and bristles’ location;
rigidity;
design.
The size of the toothbrush:
The length of children's toothbrush - 18-25 mm, of adult - not more than
30mm.
Properties of fibers:
the use of synthetic materials, with rounded ends, the
presence of little fibers on the lateral surfaces of
bristles, that improve cleaning.
Head:
There are concave, convex, flat, layered forms of
bristles of a toothbrush (most effective).
PROPERTIES OF FIBERS:
Long bundles are situated on the edge of the head
(clean interdental spaces), shorter – in the center of it
(clean fissures); oblique fibers (penetrate into the
gingival sulcus, cleaning cervical region of a tooth
crown).
Toothbrushes with a V-shaped furry hairs are
intended for individuals with a wide interdental
intervals .
Fiber’s indicators – are food dyes, bleaching of half
of their length is the sign for changing brush (once in
a month).
HARDNESS OF BRISTLES:
depends on fiber composition, number of bristles,
their length and diameter.
- very hard;
- hard;
- middle;
- soft;
- very soft.
THE HANDLE DESIGN:
Toothbrush can be straight or curved at different
angles.
Brushes with changing of its original color while
brushing teeth, with a rattle are recommended to
children.
Electric toothbrushes are recommended for using with
the manual ones together.
TOOTHPASTES:
The main components of toothpastes:
- abrasive substances;
- polishing agents;
- gel-forming substances;
- binders;
- moisturizing agents;
- foaming agents (detergents);
- perfumes (aroma);
- sweeteners;
- biologically active substances.
Abrasives provide cleansing and polishing action,
communicating with the inorganic matrix of enamel: chalk,
dicalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, aluminium
hydroxide, zirconium silicate.
Polishing agents in combination with abrasives improve the
cleansing properties of toothpaste (aluminum, calcium, tin,
magnesium).
Binders provide a stable composition of the paste (natural
hydrocolloids: - natrium alginate, products of fruit and juices;
synthetic: derivatives of cellulose, cotton, wood, ethyl and
methyl ethers of cellulose.
Moisturizing agents – polyols (glycerin, polyethylene glycol)
-- to obtain a homogeneous plastic mass, easy squeezed from
the tubes.
Foaming agents - natrium laurylsulfate, natrium
laurilsorcozinate.
Perfums, aroma(mint, cinnamon) and sweeteners
(sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol) are responsible for color,
smell and taste of paste.
BAS, that allow to use the paste as a prevention of
caries and other dental diseases: pastes; pastes,
preventing the accumulation of dental plaque; pastes,
that stimulate salivary; reducing inflammatory,
reducing high sensitivity of teeth pastes.
FLOSSES
ARE INTENDED FOR REMOVING OF PLAQUE FROM HARD-TO-REACH
SURFACES OF TEETH ( CONTACT SURFACES) . ARE MADE FROM
SYNTHETIC FIBERS.
WAX COVERED
WITHOUT WAX
ROUND
FLAT
WITH MINT IMPREGNATION
WITH FLUORIDES
SUPERFLOSS – IS A THREAD WITH THICKENING AT THE AND /
COMBINATION OF WAX FRAGMENTS AND MORE WIDE NYLON
FIBER.
DENTAL TAPE– HAS WIDER FIBER AND ALWAYS COVERED WITH
WAX. IS RECOMMENDED FOR THOSE, WHO JUST STARTING TO
USE FLOSSING.
MOUTH RINSES
 CARIES –PROTECTION EFFECT (FLUORIDES:
CONTRIBUTE TO THE FORMATION ON THE TOOTH
SURFACE SPECIAL BARRIER FILM, THAT PROTECTS
THE HARD TISSUES FROM DIFFERENT AGENTS).
 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS (EXTRACTS OF
PLANTS, HERBS: ST. JOHN'S WORT, SAGE,
CHAMOMILE);
 HYPOSENSITIVE EFFECT (TIN FLUORIDE);
 DEODORIZING EFFECT.
CHEWING GUMS
•INCREASE SPEED OF SALIVATION;
• NEUTRALIZE ACIDS OF PLAQUE;
• INCREASE THE WASHING OF SALIVA HARDTO-REACH AREAS OF TEETH ;
• REMOVE FOOD DEBRIS.
INTERDENTAL BRUSHES
ARE USED FOR PURIFICATION OF INTERDENTAL
SPACES, SPACES UNDER THE DENTAL BRIDGES,
CROWNS AND FIXED ORTHODONTIC CONSTRUCTIONS.
DISTINGUISH SINGLE BUNDLE OF FIBRES BRUSHES (
IN THE FORM OF A CONE) AND MANY BUNDLES OF
FIBRES (SINGLE-ROWED) BRUSHES.
IRRIGATORS
TONGUE BRUSHES