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BIOMATERIALS J. Dutkiewicz Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences Źródło: Kay C Dee, David A. Puleo, Rena Bizios: An introduction to tissue-biomaterial Biomaterial– a substance other than medicament manufactured from interactions, John Wiley components and Sons, New which Jersey, 2002 natural or synthetic is intended to substitute organ or tissue or part of it to take over its function. Biomaterials industry year 1987 4,7 mld $ Natural materials 5,7 % Polymers 47,1 % Year 2002 11,7 mld $ Composites 18 % Metals 44,5 % Materials Natural 6,3 % Metals 29,9 % Polymers 42,8 % Composites 0,0 % Ceramics 2,8 % Ceramics 2,9 % Polarization resistence (Ω/cm2) 9 Safe only for certain period 8 Stopy Ti CoCrNiMo Stal AISI 316L 7 Toxic 6 Neutral 5 4 3 Biotolerance Corrosion resistence w zależności in relation of tissue reaction for various materials Kość i zastąpienie kości Metallic Biomaterials in reconstruction surgery steels Cr-Ni-Mo alloys Co-Cr-Mo, Co-Ni-Cr-Mo, Co-Cr-Ni-Mo-Fe Ti i jego stopy: Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-(4-9)Nb, Ti-6Al-(3-6)Nb-(1-6)Ta, Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe, Ti-15Mo-3Nb, Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al, Ti-Zr-4Nb-2Ta-0,2Pd, Ti-15Sn-4Nb-2Ta-0,2Pd, Ti-13Nb-13Zr, Ni-Ti shape memory alloys alloys Nb i Ta Noble metals Au, Ag, Pd Mechanical poroperties of titanium Examles of application of titanium in surgery Płytka rekonstrukcyjna blokowana Płytka ramienna blokowana Płytki szyjne Examples of application of Ti6Al4V in surgery Implanty zastępujące krążki międzykręgowe „Cage” Śruby transpedikularne do stabilizacji kręgosłupa Implanty zastępujące kręgi X-ray image of back bone with avisible shift of vertebras , causing oppress on nerves and pain of the pacient.. Operation is based on stiffening of vertebras with titanium support constructiion regulating distance of vertebras eliminating oppression of nerves. Dental Implants & Coated / uncoated Superstructures Nitinol • NIckel-TItaniumat composition 50 :50 with a possible application of superelasticity in dental orthodontic medicine Predetermined Shape of matrix Orthodontic Applications “Stents” Bioneutral ceramic materials In stomatological practice Monolitic ceramics base on Al2O3 -Al2O3: • bioneutral material • minimal chemical changes in contact with tissue and organism fluids • brittless and low toughness (improvement possible by additions of 1 m; ZrO2 [4]) Typical bioceramic elements: alumina dental implants of cerasiv GmbH "Dyract® AP offers the restorative potential to fulfil most applications of traditional glass ionomer restorative and composite resins .. " Compomers cavities etch adhesive compomer placed setting http://www.dentsply.co.uk/articles/018.htm Bio-active ceramic materials : bioglasses sodium-calcium (Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5) [8] sintered hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) [9,10] -calcium phosphite(Ca3(PO4)2) [11] two phase ceramic hydroksyapatite-calcium phosphate crystalline oxyfluoroapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(O,F2) vollastonite (CaO.SiO2) in a glass matrixMgO-CaO-SiO2 [13] Due to a poor mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite, most popular are layers on ceramic or metallic substratres Apatite Ca5X(PO4)3 X = F, Cl, OH hexagonal, rod like crystals, Colour: colorless, sometimes yellow, blue, red shiny Rysa: biała Hardness : 5,0 – in Mohs scale density: 3,16 - 3,22 g cm-3 Root Canal Sealers Materials from cements to resins have been used biocompatible antiseptic non-soluble adhesive slow setting radiopaque dimensionally stable removable if required achieves a good seal Cytotoxic & tissue irritating potency: • Zinc oxide – eugenol in longest use • Epoxy resin based • Sealers containing a small % of paraformaldehyde to kill bacteria & fix remaining pulp tissue. Biocompatible alternatives: 4) Calcium hydroxide based to promote tissue repair at the apex. 5) Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)