Transcript File - World History Current Week

This week we will
focus on the influence of
Hammurabi, a ruler of
ancient Babylonia who
has had a significant
impact on western
civilization and our legal
system with the
development and
recording of
Hammurabi’s Code
We will also discuss
the first great sea power,
the Phoenicians who
developed one of the
first working alphabets,
rose to be a great sea
power that spread the
Mesopotamian influence
to other cultures through
the practice of trade.
Last but not least we
will tlak about the
influence of the
Israelite’s and their
monotheistic views on
religion. This will have
a direct impact on the
future development of
Judaism, Christianity
and Islam
• Explain the significance and impact of
Hammurabi’s code
• Identify the impact that the development of
writing had on civilization and how this one
cultural advancement has been essential for
mankind’s continued advancement (recording
of knowledge)
• Describe how the Phoenicians superior sailing
skills helped spread civilization throughout the
Mediterranean Area
• Identify and explain the impact of the
Phoenician alphabet on our language
• Identify significant leaders of the tribes
of Israel
• Explain the connection between the
Israelites monotheistic views and three
of the worlds major religions: Judaism,
Christianity and Islam.
Hammurabi
1790 BC
Babylonian King
Conquers most of
Mespopotamia
Law Code of
Hammurabi
Code of Hammurabi
• Standardized Law =
Consistent
• Codified Law = Written
•Everyone knew the LAW
If not equal everyone
had equal protection
under the law…
even women
Code of Hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi was a list of 282 laws
brought together and written on an 8 foot tall
stone pillar in 1280 AD for all the people of
Babylonia to see.
What is most famous about
Hammurabi?
You probably assume it was one simple law.
“An eye for an eye.”
And although that was a law, and it is
famous, Hammurabi’s code was a set of
laws for everyone to follow, with set
punishment if not followed. Brilliant Idea?
Right?
#229
If a builder builds a
house for a man and
does not make its
construction sound,
and the house which
he has built collapses
and causes the death
of the owner of the
house, the builder
shall be put to death.
#110
If a "sister of god" (nun)
who is not living in a
convent opens a wine shop
or enters a wine shop for a
drink, they shall burn that
woman.
• 53 If any one be too lazy to keep his
dam in proper condition, and does not
so keep it; if then the dam break and all
the fields be flooded, then shall he in
whose dam the break occurred be sold
for money, and the money shall replace
the corn which he has caused to be
ruined.
• 21 If any one break a hole into a house
(break in to steal), he shall be put to
death before that hole and be buried.
• 195 If a son strike his father, his hands shall be
cut off.
• 196 If a man put out the eye of another man, his
eye shall be put out. [ An eye for an eye ]
• 197 If he break another man's bone, his bone
shall be broken.
• 198 If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break
the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold
mina.
• 199 If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or
break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay onehalf of its value.
• 200 If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his
teeth shall be knocked out. [ A tooth for a tooth ]
Reflections: Rules and Laws
• What rules and laws
influence your daily
life and the life of your
family.
• What would happen if
these rules and laws
disappeared?
• Why are rules and
laws necessary for a
community to be
successful?
Phoenicians take sail
Phoenicians carry
civilization around the
Mediterranean Sea.
•
Had few resources and
were surrounded by
enemies.
• Phoenicians became expert
sailors.
• Designed and built ships that
could sail long distances.
• Sailed throughout the
Mediterranean and into the
Atlantic Ocean.
Phoenicians take sail
•
•
•
•
1550-300 B.C.E: Phoenicians grew wealthy from trade and set up colonies
throughout Mediterranean Sea.
Phoenician traders created an alphabet to record their activities: used by many
civilizations.
Phoenicians carried the goods, ideas, and technology of the Fertile Crescent to
Europe, North Africa, and West Africa.
Phoenician navigation skills and boat designs were adopted by other ancient
peoples.
Phoenician Achievements
Libya is washed on all sides by the sea except
where it joins Asia, as was first demonstrated, so
far as our knowledge goes, by the Egyptian king
Necho, who, after calling off the construction of the
canal between the Nile and the Arabian gulf, sent
out a fleet manned by a Phoenician crew with
orders to sail west about and return to Egypt and
the Mediterranean by the way of the Straits of
Gibraltar. The Phoenicians sailed from the Arabian
gulf into the southern ocean, and every autumn put
in at some convenient spot on the Libyan coast,
sowed a patch of ground, and waited for next year's
harvest. Then, having got in their grain, they put to
sea again, and after two full years rounded the
Pillars of Heracles in the course of the third, and
returned to Egypt.
Herodotus, The Histories 4.42
PHOENICIAN ALPHABET
Ancient Israel
Historical Overview
• Ancient Israel is the birthplace
of the 3 great monotheistic
religions of the world: Judaism,
Christianity and Islam
• Ancient Israel dates back
approximately 4000 years to the
books of the Old Testament
• Great patriarchs of Judaism:
Abraham, Jacob, Moses,
Joshua
• Hebrews, Israelites, Jews,
Semites: have all undergone
persecution throughout history;
from Babylonian Captivity,
Exodus, Diaspora, Spanish
Inquisition, Holocaust
What is in a name?
• Hebrew means “From across”name given to Abraham and his
followers
• Israelites: Abraham’s grandson
Jacob renamed Israel which
means “he who has wrestled
with God”. His descendants
were called “Israelites”
• Jews: named after Jacob’s son
Judah, ancient father of tribe of
King David’s dynasty
Tracing Roots of Israel’s History
• Nomadic tribes wandered
into Palestine from east in
approximately 1900 BCE
• Mesopotamian society
dominated by polytheism
• God (Yahweh) appeared
before Patriarch Abraham
and told Abraham “to go
and raise a great nation”
• This began the
monotheistic tradition of the
Hebrew faith with the
establishment of the
“Covenant”, “Chosen
People” and “Promised
Land”
• Abraham settled in Canaan
• Story: Sacrifice of Abraham
Jacob (grandson of Abraham)
• Abraham’s
grandson Jacob
took the name
“Israel” which
means “God ruled”
and organized
Israelites into 12
tribes
• Some tribes
settled in Egypt
(due to drought
and famine) and
where subjected to
Pharaoh rule and
slavery
Moses
• An illustrated story of
Moses
Moses & Exodus:
“Let My People Go!”
• Moses received revelations from
God: burning bush, rod / staff, 10
plagues, parting of the Red Sea
• End of 13th century BCE- Moses led
the Israelites out of bondage in
Egypt during Rames II reign called
the EXODUS
• Moses led the 12 Tribes of Israel to
Mount Sinai where Yahweh gave
him the 10 Commandments, uniting
the Hebrews under one God
• Moses and Hebrews searched for
the “Promised Land” or the land of
milk and honey, however they
wandered in the desert for 40 years
Kings of Israel
•
•
•
•
•
•
1230 BCE, Israelites
guided by Joshua,
invaded Canaan
(Promised Land)
1020 BCE: first king of
Israelites was Saul, then
David, then Solomon
Under King David the
Israelites captured the
city of Jerusalem
King Solomon built the
Temple of Jerusalem, to
house the Arc of the
Covenant (sacred box to
hold Torah)
Solomon’s Temple was
destroyed during
Babylonian invasion,
rebuilt in 6th century BCE,
and destroyed again in
70 CE by the Romans
Only remaining part of
Solomon’s Temple is the
Western Wall
Lost Tribes of Israel
• After the death of
Solomon, Kingdom of
Israel split into two (north=
Israel; south= Judah)
• Israel was conquered by
Assyrians in 722 BCE and
the scattered people were
known as the ‘Lost Tribes
of Israel’
• Judah was eventually
destroyed by Babylon in
586 BCE and inhabitants
were held in captivity
(called the Exile or
Babylonian Captivity)
• Emergence of
synagogues and rabbis
during Exile
• Released by Persians in
538 BCE and returned to
Jerusalem to rebuild
temple
Diaspora
• Diaspora is a Greek word meaning “sowing of
seed” or “dispersal” which refers to Jewish
population living outside of Israel
• Despite the dispersion of Jewish people
throughout Europe after 70 CE, their culture
and religious beliefs have been by far the most
influential of all the ancient cultures of the Near
East
Impact of Ancient Israel
• Covenant = formal agreement
between Hebrews and God
(Yahweh); Hebrews worshipped
God and only God, and in return,
they would be God’s Chosen
People and given Canaan as the
Promised Land
• Spiritual ideas profoundly
influenced Western culture,
morality, ethics and conduct
• Three of the world’s most dominant
religions: Judaism, Christianity
and Islam all derive their roots from
the spiritual beliefs of the Ancient
Israelites
WHAT MAKES A CIVILIZATION?
Environment that allows
for farming and
domestication
Cultural identity
Created or
borrowed
advanced
technology
Food Surpluses
Good
location
for trade
Large Population
Strong rulers
System of
government
and law
Specialization and
skilled workers
Organized society and social structure
Large,
organized,
well-trained
army
Who can create the GREATEST
civilization!
• Walk around the classroom and find your group.
• In groups of four your challenge is to create a
civilization that is GREATER than those created
by the other groups.
• To create the greatest civilization, you must think
carefully about the characteristics of a great
civilization and add them to your graphic
organizer.
• Add your names to the poster and give your
civilization a name.
AIM: Why did Hammurabi’s Code provide justice for Ancient
Babylon?
Do Now: Agree or disagree – “an eye for an eye, a life for a
life.” Explain.
Break into groups (prearranged) and
develop both an outline for a civilization
(as discussed above) and a code (must be
at least 5 laws/rules created in the spirit
of Hammurabi's code. The punishment
must fit the crime).
PROJECT GROUPS Period 1
Group Number
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Student 4
Group 1
Ardis, Madison
Fountain, Jimmie
Prasek, Trenton
Watson, Karell
Group 2
Conway, Kayla
Hunt, Lea
Kovacs, Samuel
Roberts, Samuel
Group 3
Halstead, Tori
Baltzell, Jake
Dunegan, Riley
Moran, Sophia
Group 4
Taylor, Logan
Traweek, Cooper
Talley, Logan
Ronnlof, Phillip
Group 5
Finley, Talbot
Mayon, Kyra
McArthur, Dezten
Piazza, Samuel
Group 6
Kondrat'yev, Julia
Fulton, Shayla
Miles, Isaiah
Wiseman, Haylee
PROJECT GROUPS Period 2
Group Number
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Student 4
Group 1
Baxter, Taylor
Lett, Shawniquia
Bush, Alanna
McArthur, Lauren
Group 2
Brown, Brahm
Cooper, Faith
Mosley, Nicholas
Willhelm, Sarah
Group 3
Haniford-Pace,
Sophie
Johnson, Christopher
Fiveash, Jesse
Plenkers, Ronnie
Group 4
Rogers, Lauren
Scott, Aiden
Roberson, Lavondria
Witchtendahl, Brian
Morales-Torres,
Madison