Transcript Ancient Israel

Unit 6:
Civilizations in the Land of Canaan:
Hebrews (Israelites)
and Phoenicians
Where is the land of Canaan?
The land of Canaan was composed of
three kingdoms: Philistia, Phoenicia, and
the Kingdom of Israel
Ancient Israel is the
birthplace of the 3
great monotheistic
religions of the world:
Judaism
Christianity
and Islam
monotheism is the
belief in a single god
Some Terms
-The word Hebrew means “from
across” or “the other side” and
was a name given to Abraham
(father of Judaism) probably
because he came from Ur in
Mesopotamia
-Israel and the Israelites:
Abraham’s grandson Jacob
was renamed Israel by
Yahweh which means “he who
has wrestled with God”. His
descendants were called
Israelites.
a descendant is someone who is a
relative in a direct line of descent
Yahweh is the
Hebrew name of God
Abraham, the father of
all the Hebrews, came
from Ur in Mesopotamia.
As we know,
Mesopotamian society
dominated by polytheism
God (Yahweh) appeared
before Patriarch
Abraham and told him
“to go and raise a great
nation”
This began the
monotheistic tradition of
the Hebrew peoples
Abraham travelled west
from Ur and settled in
the Land of Canaan
Tracing Roots of
Israel’s History
The Presumed Route that Abraham took based
on trading patterns from ancient times –
through the fertile crescent!
Jacob (grandson of Abraham)
Abraham’s grandson
Jacob took name
“Israel” which means
“God ruled” and
organized Israelites
(people who followed
the religion of
Abraham and Jacob)
into 12 tribes
Some tribes settled in
Egypt (due to
drought and famine)
and were subjected
to the Pharaoh’s rule
and slavery (Moses)
Kings of Israel
►
1020 BCE: first king of
Israelites was Saul, then
David, then Solomon
►
Under King David the
Israelites captured city of
Jerusalem
►
King Solomon built the
Temple of Jerusalem
►
Solomon’s Temple was
destroyed during
Babylonian invasion,
rebuilt in 6th century BCE,
and destroyed again in
70 CE by the Romans
►
Only remaining part of
Solomon’s Temple is the
Western Wall
Lost Tribes of Israel
►
►
►
►
►
After the death of
Solomon, Kingdom of
Israel split into two
(north= Israel; south=
Judah)
Israel was conquered by
Assyrians in 722 BCE and
the scattered people were
known as the ‘Lost Tribes
of Israel’
Judah was eventually
destroyed by Babylon in
586 BCE
Emergence of synagogues
and rabbis during Exile
Released by Persians in
538 BCE and returned to
Jerusalem to rebuild
temple
Diaspora
Diaspora is a Greek word meaning “sowing of seed” or “dispersal”
which refers to Jewish population living outside of Israel
64 BCE, Jerusalem fell to Romans and the Kingdom of Judah became
one of the provinces of the Roman Empire (Judea). The people living
there were called Judeans, and it is from this word that we get the
word Jew
In 66 CE the people of Judea revolted against Rome. This uprising
was crushed
Despite the dispersion of Jewish people throughout Europe after 70
CE, their culture and religious beliefs have been by far the most
influential of all the ancient cultures of the Near East
Formation of Israel
Land that was
originally settled by
Abraham in Caanan
The country of Israel
was created in 1948
by the United Nations
following the horrors
of WWII. The land
prior to this had been
part of Palestine
which was Arab
controlled.
1/3 of the world’s
Jews live in Israel (5.6
million) and 80% of
country is Jewish.
Moses & Exodus:
“Let My People Go!”
Moses received revelations from
God:, rod / staff, 10 plagues,
parting of the Red Sea, burning
bush
End of 13th century
BCE- Moses led the
Israelites out of
bondage in Egypt
during Ramses II
reign called the
EXODUS
Moses led the 12 Tribes
of Israel to Mount Sinai
where Yahweh gave him
the 10 Commandments,
uniting the Hebrews
under one God
Exodus = ex-odos
Greek for the road out
An illustrated
story of Moses
Torah
► 1st
►
►
5 books of the Bible
 Genisis
 Exodus
 Leviticus
 Numbers
 Deuteronomy
Written as a scroll
Each temple has a Torah
which teaches about
Jewish history and laws
Star of David
►
Used as a
symbol of
Judaism but was
originally the
symbol of the
shield used by
King David when
he went into
battle.
Sabbath
Weekly services to
worship.
Starts at sundown on
Friday and goes to
sundown on Saturday
People go to the temple
to worship.
Keeping Kosher
Keeping kosher has to do with the foods that a
Jewish person chooses to eat.
Meats are chosen because they chew their cud or
have split hooves and (lamb and beef are in, pork is
out) and how the animals are killed (shooting is out)
and butchered.
Fish must have scales (shellfish is out).
Meat and Dairy must be kept separate including
plates, silverware, pots & pans.
Only the most devout Jews keep a kosher kitchen.