Transcript 2016 Introduction to the Monotheistic Religions PowerPoint Lecture

2016-2017 Introduction to the
Monotheistic Religions of the
Middle East
The Three Religions
1. Judaism, Jew
2. Christianity,
Christian
Star of David
The Cross
3. Islam, Muslim
Crescent Moon
and Star
Religion
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Diety
God
Yahweh, Elohim
God
God
Allah
Holy Book
“People of the book”
Torah
(Old Test.)
Bible
(Old and New Test.)
Qur’an
(Koran)
Religious Law
Halakhah
Canon Law
Sharia
Place of Worship
Synagogue
Church
Chapel
Cathedral
Mosque
Clergy
Rabbis
Priest, Minister, Pastor
Imam
Some Similarities
1. Monotheistic
2. Abrahamic –
Recognize Abraham as
Patriarch (father)
3. Consider city of
Jerusalem to be Holy
4. All connected to parts
of the Bible.
Origins of the Three
Monotheistic Religions
Abraham
• Believed to be the world’s first monotheist
• Appears in the holy scriptures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
• Lived sometime between 2100 and 1500 BC
• Born in the country we now know as Iraq and journeyed to Canaan, which we
know now as Israel
• He made this journey because God told him to “Go forth from your land and
your birthplace and your father’s house to the land I will show you. I will make
you a great nation and I will bless you and make your name great.”
Abraham
• Once settled in Canaan after a lengthy journey over many years, Abraham still did
not have any children with his wife Sarah.
• At the age of 90, Sarah persuaded Abraham to have a child with her servant
Hagar.
• The child of Abraham and Hagar was called Ishmael.
• Then Sarah became pregnant by Abraham, and that child was named Isaac.
• With Isaac’s birth, Abraham banished Hagar and Ishmael.
• Hagar and Ishmael wandered in the desert until they found a sacred well at the
site of present-day Mecca.
Descendants of Abraham
• For Jews, Abraham is the first of the Patriarchs, a direct ancestor of the “Children
of Israel” in the Hebrew Bible and of the Jewish People to the present day.
• Christians trace the family tree of Jesus back to Abraham through both Mary and
Joseph who are the descendants of Isaac.
• While Muslims trace the ancestry of the Prophet Muhammad through Abraham’s
(Ibrahim in Arabic) eldest son, Ishmael (Isma’il in Arabic).
• This is why all three religions accept the Old Testament as part of their religious
texts.
4000–550 BC
Abraham’s Genealogy
All 3 Religions are linked by Abraham—He is the patriarch of all 3
•Islam-Quran
HAGAR
•Judaism-Torah
ABRAHAM
SARAH
Ishmael
Isaac
12 Arabian
Tribes
Jacob/Israel Esau
•Muhammad
(the last
prophet)
•Quran and the
Five Pillars of
Islam
Mecca
(Muslims)
12 Tribes of
Israel
•2 Tribes - (Jews) of Judah •Other 10 tribes(Israelites)
•Jesus Christ (son of God)
(Hebrews)
•The Hebrew Bible - Old
Testament in the Christian
Bible
Brief History on Origins
• Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism around 2000 B.C.
• Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths (religions with one God).
• Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 30 in
Jerusalem
• After his death his followers came to believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah.
• Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad between A.D. 610 and A.D. 632
Monotheistic Beliefs
Monotheistic Beliefs----One God
• Judaism: One God called Yahweh and Elohim
• Christianity: Trinity (God the father, God the Son, and God the Holy
Spirit)
• Islam: One God called Allah
12
Divine Revelation---God’s Words
How do we know about God?
• Judaism: through prophets in Old Testament; recorded in the
Hebrew Bible
• Christianity: through prophets in Old Testament and Jesus as
recorded in the Old and New Testament
• Islam: through God’s final prophet Muhammad; recorded in
the Qur’an
13
Views on Jesus
Identity of Jesus
• Judaism: False prophet---Still waiting for the Messiah
from the Old Testament
• Christianity: Son of God, the Messiah, Savior
• Islam: prophet of God; Not the Messiah or Son of God
15
Death of Jesus
• Judaism: death by Crucifixion
• Christianity: death by Crucifixion
• Islam: Did not die, but ascended into heaven (a disciple took his
place)
16
Resurrection of Jesus
• Judaism: Denied
• Christianity: Affirmed
• Islam: Denied; since he did not die
17
Means to Salvation and
Afterlife
Means of Salvation
• Judaism: Belief in one God; good deeds; follow the Ten
Commandments
• Christianity: correct belief, good deeds; by faith accept Christ as
Savior (Protestants); follow the Ten Commandments
• Islam: Belief in one God; good deeds; follow the Ten
Commandments; and follow Five Pillars of Faith
19
Afterlife
• Judaism: eternal heaven
• Christianity: eternal heaven/ eternal hell
• Islam: eternal paradise (heaven)/ eternal hell
20