Transcript Chapter 7: The Hebrews and Judaism

TODAY’S TITLE: #30 Early Hebrews
WAR: Define the following words- Judaism, Exodus,
and the Ten Commandments.
Judaism- religion of the Hebrews, world’s oldest
monotheistic, and is practiced by Jews today.
Exodus- the journey of the Israelites led by Moses
from Egypt to Canaan after they were freed from
slavery
The Ten Commandments- code of moral laws given
to Moses by God
The
Hebrews were ancestors of the
Israelites and the Jews.
 Israelite
population was small, but their
religion would one day affect the world.*


Modern religion is called Judaism**
Wrote much of their history and
religious beliefs in what became
known as the Hebrew Bible, which
is very similar to the Old Testament
in the Christian Bible.
 Most
Israelites were herders and traders
 Believed
they were descended from a man named
Abraham.*
 Some
Israelites left and went to Egypt possibly
because there was a famine in Canaan.
 Life
was not good in
Egypt*
 The pharaoh’s
daughter found the
baby & named him
Moses
 Moses grew up to
lead the Israelites
out of Egypt.


God sent 10 plagues to
trouble Egypt, so the
pharaoh would let the
Israelites go.*
**Passover – Jews
celebration to remember
how God “passed over”
their homes during the 10th
plague and delivered them
from Egypt.
 Pharaoh
changed his mind & sent his army after
Moses & the Israelites.
 According to the Bible, God parted the Red Sea for
his people to pass but drowned Pharaoh’s army
 This journey is called “The Exodus” **




During the Israelites journey
through the Sinai desert, Moses
went to the top of
Mt. Sinai
There, he received laws from
God. These laws were known as
the Torah. These laws became
the first part of the Hebrew
Bible.
The Torah described a
covenant* with God.
The most important part of the
Torah is the Ten
Commandments.**
HW: Finish your WIO for today.
TODAY’S TITLE: #31 Early Hebrews Part 2
WAR: Answer the questions for the map on
page 203.
 Israelites
retake Canaan after their return from
Egypt
 Mid- 1000s BC- Philistines invade Israelite land
 King David won support of his people to
become king and defeated the Philistines
 Established the capital of Jerusalem
 Son
of David
 Expanded the kingdom and made Egypt
and Phoenicia his allies
 Made Israel rich with trade
 Built the Great Temple of Jerusalem
 Known for being very wise
Read the text that I am providing for you in
the paper protectors. As you read,
highlight dates and the event that goes
with that date using your Expo marker.
Then we will compare our highlighting
with a partner.
Create an illustrated timeline using the
dates that you have highlighted from the
text for “Invaders Conquer and Rule”. Your
timeline should have at least 5 events.
 Had
few rights
 Had to obey husbands and fathers
 Husband was chosen by father
 Couldn’t inherit property unless there
were no brothers
 Important Jewish women: Esther,
Deborah, and Miriam
 Ruth- model of devotion and how women
should behave
HW: Complete Workbook pages 79-81
TODAY’S TITLE: #18 Jewish Beliefs
WAR: Look at the painting on page 209.
Answer the following question: How are the
Hebrews destroying the golden calf?
Read pages 208-210 (Stop at Texts…) and
take notes on the graphic organizer that is
shown below. Be detailed, but try not to
write word for word!
Belief in 1 God
Education
Justice and Righteousness
Religious and Moral Law
Belief in one god
Oldest monotheistic religion in the
world – belief in one God
Education
Learning the basic of Judaism was
super important
Believed God directed their path
through Abraham and Moses
Boys learned from older teachers,
but not girls
Worship shaped Jewish society
Education has remained very
important
Justice and Righteousness
Justice meant kindness and fairness
in dealing with others
Religious and Moral Law
Guides all of their decisions
Jews are expected to help everyone
Behave properly even when others
aren’t.
Focused on behavior – not rituals
Most important law was 10
Commandments
Mosaic law tell people how to pray
and celebrate holidays
Rest on the Sabbath day (Fri-Sat
night)
Design an informational poster in small
groups about your category. You need the
following:
 Title
 Explanation/List of beliefs in that
category
 Visuals/Pictures that reflect your
category
 How does this influence our world today?
 Torah: most
sacred text in Judaism that
explains their laws in 5 books. Kept in
synagogues, Jewish temples.
 Hebrew Bible: contains the Torah, 8
books about the Jewish prophets
(messengers of God), and then 11 books
of poetry, songs, stories, lessons, and
history.
 Commentaries- explanations of Jewish
writings (example- Talmud
 Found
in 1947 by a young boy in a cave
 The hot and dry desert climate helped
preserve the scrolls, which contained
writings by Jews from 2000 years ago
 Included prayers, commentaries, letters,
and passages from the Bible
 A great find for historians!
 Christianity-
Jesus’ teachings reflect Jewish
ideas (Jesus was Jewish!)
 Islam- believe they are also descendants of
Abraham
 Many people use the 10 Commandments as
a guide for living
 Not working on weekends comes from the
Jewish belief of not working on the Sabbath
(Thank you Judaism!)
 Giving to the poor is also an important
Jewish belief we try to live by
 Jews
hated Roman rule because they
thought they should answer to no one but
God
 Zealots (Jewish rebels) led a revolt
against the Romans in AD 66
 Lasted 4 years and caused much damage
 Jerusalem was in ruins
 Romans burned the 2nd Temple in AD 70
to stop the fighting
 1000
Zealots refused to give up after the
temple burning
 Locked themselves in a mountain fortress
called Masada
 Romans had to build a ramp to reach it
 Masada held out for 2 years, but
eventually the Romans got through in AD
73
 The Zealots committed suicide to avoid
becoming Roman slaves
 Many
Jews were killed
 Others put into slavery
 Jewish government is dissolved
 Many left Jerusalem because the temple
of destroyed
 Jewish communities formed in other
parts of the Roman Empire
 Around
AD 130, a 2nd revolt is started by
Jews still living in Jerusalem
 Defeated by the Romans…again
 Results- Jews are banned from Jerusalem
permanently or they would be killed
 More Jewish communities form in the
Mediterranean region
 Local
synagogues became more
important
 Rabbis (Jewish teachers) took on bigger
roles in guiding Jews
 Yohanen ben Zaccai founded a school for
rabbis
 Jews were often discriminated against
and were often forced to move to other
places such as Asia, Russia, and the US.
 Because
of all these different Jewish
communities around the world, cultural
differences began to appear within
Judaism
 Developed their own languages, rituals,
and cultures
 Made
up of Jews who moved to France,
Germany, and eastern Europe during the
Diaspora
 Had communities separate from non-Jews
 Developed Yiddish, a Jewish language
similar to German
 Made
up of Jews who moved to Spain and
Portugal in Western Europe
 Developed Ladino, a that is a mix of
Spanish, Hebrew, and Arabic
 Lived in mixed communities
 Produced a golden age of Jewish cultures
in the AD 1000s and 1100s in which
poetry, math, astronomy, medicine, and
philosophy grew