Transcript Judaism
Judaism The first monotheistic religion. The first to believe in one G_d. Sinai Peninsula Where are Jews Located Today? Founding Fathers Abraham ~ 2000 BCE Considered the first Hebrew. First person to believe in one G_d. Moses ~1300 BCE Ten Commandments were revealed to him on Mt Sinai. Moses was the man who led his people out of Egypt. This movement is known as the Exodus. Dead Sea Scrolls The oldest surviving texts of the Hebrew Bible were found in a set of caves in 1947. The 2000 year-old Dead Sea Scrolls were printed on papyrus and had been stored in clay jars. The caves of Qumran, where the scrolls were found. Who is the Jewish G_d? Jews believe in a single, omniscient (all knowing), omnipotent (all powerful), omnipresent (in all places at all times), who created the universe and continues to be involved in its governance. This G_d is just and merciful and has no form or representation. Creation Story Jews believe it took G_d six days to create the world and everything in it. On the seventh day G_d rested. The Creation of the Heavens Michelangelo Sacred Text ~ Torah The first five books of the Hebrew Bible which presents the Mosaic law and moral codes. Torah comes from the Hebrew word for “instruction.” Always written in Hebrew 613 Commandments Rules for moral conduct: Ten Commandments Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments given to Moses are these: 1. You shall have no other G_ds before me. 2. You shall not make idols. 3. You shall not take the Lord’s name in vain. 4. You shall honor the Sabbath. 5. You shall honor your parents. 6. You shall not murder. 7. You shall not commit adultery 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not commit perjury. 10. You shall not covet. How do you become a Jew? Traditional Jewish Law: a Jew is anyone born of a Jewish mother or converted in accordance with Jewish Law. Judaism maintains that a Jew, whether by birth or conversion, is a Jew forever. All Jews consider themselves to be descendants of the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Holy Days Passover-commemorates the story of the Exodus, in which the ancient Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt. Rosh Hashanah-Creation of the World Yom Kippur-Day of Atonement-most important holy day. Painting by Maurycy Gottlieb, 1878, depicting Ashkenazi Jews praying in the synagogue on Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement. Rituals Sabbath~ The weekly holy day-sundown Friday to sundown Saturday-reserved for worship and attention to family and community. Rituals Bar Mitzvah & Bat Mitzvah Respectively mean “son” and “daughter” of the Commandment. Religious rites of passage for thirteen-yearold boys and twelve-year-old girls. After the ceremony, they are fully responsible in the eyes of G_d and are seen as adult members of the congregation. Kosher Kashruth (kashroot) Very specific dietary laws regarding food restrictions as well as proper animal slaughter. Where Do Jews Pray? Synagogue Central place for worship and the place where customs, religious practice and faith are maintained Synagogue in Florence, Italy Dress Yarmulke Covering the head is regarded more as a custom rather than a commandment. It is a common pious practice to cover the head at all times, it is not religiously mandatory. Other beliefs of the Jewish People Jews believe the Messiah will be a person (not a god), from the family of King David, who will lead the world to unity and peace. Jews do not believe that Jesus was the Messiah. Jews do recognize that in his time, Jesus was an influential Jewish teacher who lived and died as a Jew, with no thought of creating a separate religion. Symbols Star of David End Major Branches of Judaism Orthodox: Original and only form of Judaism until the 1800’s. Named Orthodox in reaction to the advent of Reform Judaism. Most observant. Major Branches of Judaism Reform Founded by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise in 1873 in rebellion against the binding traditions of orthodoxy. Most flexible about observance of Jewish laws. Largest Jewish movement in North America. Major Branches of Judaism Conservative Organized by Dr. Solomon Schechter in 1913 as a reaction to Reform Judaism's liberalism. Philosophically stands between Orthodox and Reform.