Transcript Judaism, Christianity and Islam

Judaism, Christianity
and Islam
SS6G11
b. Describe the major religions in
Europe; include Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam
SS7G8
► C.
The student will be able to compare
and contrast the various main religions
that began in The Middle East
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam)
Judaism
Judaism is the oldest
religion of the western
world and influenced
Christianity and Islam.
There are
approximately fifteen
million Jews
throughout the world.
Almost ½ of the
world’s Jewish
population lives in The
United States
The Jewish “Star of
David” is a hexagram.
Legend states that David,
the 1st King of Israel, had
this symbol drawn on his
shield as a protection
during battle.
► The
Hebrews were the ancestors of the
Jewish people and trace their ancestry to
Abraham, who left his home in the
Mesopotamian city of Ur about 2200BC.
►
They were monotheistic- they believed in
only one God. The Hebrews believed they
were God’s chosen people.
The Hebrews established a nation they called Israel on the eastern
shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
The first King of Israel was
David.
Yep, the same
guy as the story
of David and
Goliath in The
Bible.
About 1300BC, many Hebrews
moved to Egypt to escape a
famine. They were eventually
enslaved by the Egyptians.
According to Hebrew tradition,
God sent ten deadly plagues to
Egypt when the Egyptians would
not release the Hebrew slaves.
When the Hebrews did escape,
tradition states that Moses, the
leader of the Hebrews, parted the
Red Sea for the Hebrews to pass.
After their escape across the Red
Sea 1250BC, God revealed The
Ten Commandments to Moses.
KNOW THIS !!!!!!
► The
Ten
Commandments
formed the basis
of Jewish Law
and became the
model for both
Jewish (and later
Christian) legal
and moral
thought.
The 10 Commandments
The Hebrews returned to Israel, but they were conquered
by several other cultures. In time, most of the Hebrews
were forced to leave Israel, beginning a period known as
the Diaspora (the scattering of The Jewish People).
This is critical, because it was during these “gaps” in
Hebrew/Jewish control of the area, that many other
people of differing faiths and cultures moved in. (ex: Arab
Muslims)
The creation of the Jewish nation of Israel in 1948
provided the first time, in several hundred years, that
people of the Jewish Faith ran their own government .
Hebrews
Words and Terms to Know
Monotheism
Ten Commandments
Diaspora
Holocaust
Synagogue
Rabbi- “my master” in Hebrew. The leader (preacher) of a Jewish
synagogue
Kosher
Talmud- document, written in the 3rd century, that defines the beliefs,
practices and Faith of Judaism
Zionism-
Christianity
Quick Facts:
-Based on the teachings of Jesus
of Nazareth
-Jesus had a core group of 12
followers called Disciples
-Christian teachings hold that
Jesus was the son of God
-The writings of the Disciples,
about Jesus and his teachings, are
called the Gospels.
Christianity began in the land of
Palestine (present day Israel).
According to Hebrew (early Jewish
people) tradition, a Messiah would
come to deliver them from their
oppressors
After Jesus' death and resurrection, the
center of the church was Jerusalem.
Most Christians at this time were Jews
by birth.
The early success of the Christians led to persecutions by
Jewish religious leaders (Pharisees) and other Jewish
officials, often driving them out of Palestine.
This began the movement of Christianity from Judaism into
the Greek world.
The missionary Paul traveled in Asia Minor (modern-day
Turkey), Greece, and even reached Rome.
Other missionaries went west to Rome and Spain, east into
Mesopotamia and ultimately even as far as India.
The first Christians were brutally persecuted by The Roman
Authorities, who did not understand their monotheism and “turn
the other cheek, love thy neighbor” teachings. For the Romans,
conquering their neighbors had help them build an empire.
Christians, sent into the
Coliseum to face the lions
Around 300 AD, The Roman
Emperor Constantine saw a
vision of the symbol of Christ
before a great victory just outside
Rome. He took this as a sign that
God wanted him to end the
persecution of The Christians. He
became a Christian and made it
the official Roman religion.
Constantine’s conversion to Christianity
spread the religion across 3 continents,
Asia, Africa and Europe.
The Roman Catholic Church (the
only Christian Church) grew so large
that it split into two main sections.
There were two centers of
Christianity. In Western Europe,
Rome decided how Christians
should act and worship. In the
Eastern Byzantine Empire,
Constantinople (in modern day
Turkey) made those decisions.
Over time, those differences
between the Christian religious
practices of Rome and
Constantinople increased. Romans
said their religious services in Latin;
the Byzantines used Greek.
In 1054 AD they split up
The Roman Catholic Church came to dominate Western
Europe and many of the countries that would later
conquer the new world. (ex: Spain, France, Portugal)
Western Europe:
heavily influenced
by Roman
Catholicism
Eastern Europe: heavily
influenced by Byzantine
Orthodox (later called Eastern
Orthodox)
The Protestant Reformation
A Catholic monk protests against The Catholic Church and starts a Christian revolution.
In 1517, Catholic monk Martin Luther, details (in his 95 Theses) abuses within
the Catholic Church and his disagreements with church doctrine.
Luther’s biggest
argument centered on
the Catholic Church’s
sale of indulgences and
the belief that by faith
alone ( not necessarily
through the Catholic
Church), man could
achieve the Kingdom of
Heaven
Even today, the countries in Europe are
predominantly either Roman Catholic Christians
or Protestant Christians
Eastern
Orthodox
Protestant
Roman
Catholic
Note: It would
appear that the
Eastern Orthodox
Church would have
more people
because of the
large amount of
land it covers.
However, it has
less than the
Western European
Christian faiths,
who have greater
populations.
Islam
Mohammed is the founder of
this religion.
A person who follows this
religion is called a Muslim (one
who submits).
This religion is mainly located
in the Middle East.
Minaret
The holy book is the Koran
(Qur’an).
The place of worship is a
mosque.
Photograph by Ursula Dreibholz
Islam – 5 Pillars of Faith
Profession of Faith
Prayer
Charity
Fasting
Pilgrimage
st
Islam-1
Pillar of Faith
Profession of Faith:
“There is no God but Allah, and
Mohammed is his prophet.”
The Islam religion is monotheistic
believing in one God – Allah.
nd
Islam-2
Pillar of Faith
“S’Up??”
5 times a day
Turn towards
Mecca and pray
to Allah.
MECCA!!
rd
Islam-3
Pillar of Faith
Charity - The Muslims believe in
giving alms to the needy.
Islam-
th
4
Pillar of Faith
Fasting – The Muslims do not eat
during Ramadan from sunrise to
sunset.
Islam-
th
5
Pillar of Faith
Pilgrimage (Hajj) – Each
Muslim must try to go to the
holy city of Mecca at least
once in their lifetime.
Kaaba – building in the
center of the open mosque
in Mecca which houses the
black meteorite.
Islamic History
In the year 610 AD, Mohammed began to receive the word of
God (Allah) from the angel Gabriel (Jabril, in Arabic).
By 622, authorities in Mecca feel that the
new religion (and Mohammed) are a
threat to their businesses and city and
force Mohammed to flee to Medina
Mohammed’s flight from Mecca was
called the Hijra. It worked out well for
him. He became the mayor of Medina
and it’s spiritual head. Medina converted
to Islam.
Mohammed raises an army, while in Medina. In 630, he conquers
Mecca and establishes the Kaaba as a holy Islamic site.
In 632 Mohammed dies, without leaving a definite successor.
The 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs (successors)
1st- Abu Bakir- friend of Mohammed, dies 632 AD (CE)
2nd- Umar- spreads Islam into Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Egypt
and North Africa , dies in 644 AD (CE)
3rd- Uthman- elected Caliph due to good connections and
politics. Weak leader who is killer by Muslims in 656 AD
(CE)
4th- Ali- Mohammed’s cousin and son-in-law. Ignored hunt
for Uthman’s killers and was killed by is supporters in 661
AD (CE)