Transcript tema 10

Lecture №9
Theme: National religion
PLAN:
1.Zaroastrizm.Zhizn and activities
Zarathushtra. Avesta - the holy book of
Zoroastrianism.
2.Vozniknovenie Judaism, its sources.
3.Induizm, his teachings and sources.
4.Konfutsianstvo, the teachings of Taoism.
5.Sintoizm
Formation of means becoming national
and state religions, membership of
which is determined by membership in a
given state.
National religions were formed and evolved
in the making and the development of class
society in a particular ethnic group. Beliefs
and cult religions system reflected and
reinforced the specific culture and life of a
particular ethnic community, so they tend to
not go up beyond a particular ethnic group.
Zoroastrianism
Jainism
Taoism
National religions
Hinduism
Sikhism
Shintoism
Judaism
Zoroastrianism, the religion which spread
in ancient times in the early Middle Ages in a
number of the Middle East
Religion was founded by
Zarathushtra (about 1200
g.do BC. Oe.).
Zoroaster, the Iranian
translated as,
Mounted yellow camel.
The main feature is the Zoroastrian dualism
- recognized early two divine light,
personified by the god of good Ahurumazda
and dark, evil, personified evil god Angra
Mainyu (Ahriman).
Modern Zoroastrians usually structured their faith as a 9 basics:
- The belief in Ahura Mazda - "Wise Lord" as the good Creator.
- Belief in the prophet Zoroaster, as the only Ahura Mazda, who
pointed the way to humanity to righteousness and purity.
- Belief in the existence of the spiritual world (mine) and two
spirit (Holy and Evil), the choice between them depends the
destiny of man in the spiritual world.
- Belief in Ashu (Arta) - Primordial Law of righteousness and
harmony established by Ahura Mazda, the maintenance of which
shall be sent to the efforts of a man who has chosen the good.
- Faith in human nature, which is based Daena (faith, conscience)
and hratu (mind), which allows each person to distinguish good
from evil.
- Faith in seven Ameshaspents the seven stages of development
and disclosure of the human person.
- Belief in Dadodahesh and Ashudad - that is, mutual aid,
assistance to the needy, and the mutual support of the people.
- Belief in the sanctity of the natural elements and wildlife as the
creations of Ahura Mazda (fire, water, wind, earth, plants and
animals) and the need to care for them.
- Faith in Frasho-Keret (Farshkard) - eschatological miraculous
transformation of life, the ultimate victory of Ahura Mazda and
the expulsion of evil that come true thanks to the joint efforts of
all the righteous people, led by Saoshyant - Saviour of the world.
"Vogu-Mano"
"Ashnah-Vagishta"
"Dr Hshatra"
"Tarvatat", "Amrtat"...
Spirits
Main
Evil spirit
Angra
Magno
Ahuramazda
God
Prophet
Zarathustrizm
sacred
writing
Avesta
Clear, Yashty,
Vindevdat,
Visperat,
Small Avesta
Objects
of worship
earth, fire,
water, air
Zarathustra
Mounted
yellow
camel
monotheistic religion, the cult of
Yahweh, the state religion of Israel
From the Hebrew word "ischia" designed to praise God
Judaism
"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our
God is one LORD" (Deuteronomy
6:4).
The ideas of Judaism, outlined in
the Ten Commandments,
according to tradition bestowed by
God on Mount Sinai (the thirteenth
century. Up, n. E.) Through the
prophet Moses.
Symbols

Star of David
Menorah

Star of David, one of the
symbols
Jews, on the flag
State of Israel
Menorah, one of the symbols on
the arms of the State of Israel

In religious studies to distinguish between three
historical periods in the development of Judaism:
- Temple (in the period of the Temple in
Jerusalem)
- Talmud (Room I - VI centuries. BC)
- Rabbinic Judaism (with VI. To present).
 The basic ideas of Judaism set out in the Ten
Commandments (Exodus 20:2-17)
 1. I, the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt,
from the house of
 2. You shall have no other gods before me. Do not make
yourself an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven
above and the fact that on the earth beneath or in the
waters under the earth. Do not bow down to them nor
serve them: for I the Lord your God - a jealous God,
punishing the children for the sins of the fathers to the
third and fourth generation of those who hate Me, but
showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and
keep my commandments.
 3. Do not misuse the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for
the Lord will not leave unpunished that taketh his name in
vain.
4. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days you shall
labor, and do all thy work: But the seventh day - Sabbath of the
Lord thy God, do not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy
daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor
thy stranger that is within thy gates. For in six days the Lord made
heaven and earth, the sea and all that in them is, and rested the
seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and
made ​it holy
5. Honour thy father and thy mother, that thy days in the land
which the Lord thy God will give thee.
6. Thou shalt not kill.
7. Do not commit adultery
8. Do not steal.
9. You shall not bear false witness against thy neighbor.
10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, do not desire your
neighbor's wife, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his village, or
anything that your neighbor
The commandments of which
must be avoided:
Bloodshed
idolatry
Desecration of
God's name
Debauchery and
adultery
Burglary
Injustice and
lawlessness
Cruel, inhumane acts, in particular, the ill-treatment
in animals
The holy book of Judaism - the Torah. The essence of
the Torah: "Do not do the neighbor what does not
want." Torah or Pentateuch, consists of the following
parts: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and
Deuteronomy, which is the most revered of the Bible
in Israel. In III century began to develop the teachings
of Judaism as a comment to the Bible - the Mishnah.
Collection was made legal interpretations of biblical
texts - Gemara. The Mishnah and Gemara comprise
the Talmud.
Holidays (Moed) and the most common in the Jewish community
orders and prohibitions (Mitzvot).
The most important of them:
- Shabbat (Saturday) - the stay and the prohibition of any activity;
- Rosh Hashanah - the Jewish New Year;
- Yom Kippur (day of Atonement), the daily post, symbolizing
repentance of their sins;
- Pesach (Passover) - a holiday, which marks the beginning of
spring and the exodus of Israel from Egypt;
- Shvuot and Sukkot - holidays devoted to harvesting, provides a set
of rituals, symbolizing the religious and national unity of the Jews
- Simchat Torah (the joy of the Torah) - is celebrated on
the occasion of the completion of the cycle of Torah
reading in the synagogue;
- Tisha B'Av-post tribulation and mourning for the
destruction of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem
- Chanukah - the holiday lighting candles to
commemorate the liberation of the Temple in Jerusalem
during the Maccabean revolt;
- Purim - a holiday save the people of Israel from total
destruction during the Babylonian captivity
Many Jews observe the rites of passage - circumcision
of boys on the eighth day after birth, bar mitzvah
ceremony and batmitsva, marking the entry into age
respectively for boys and girls, as well as numerous
rituals sanctifying marriage, death, and mourning for the
deceased.
Yet other numerous and onerous restrictions, rituals,
fasting, food taboos and permits (kashrut) and other
provisions of the Torah and the Talmud are observed
only a few orthodox-minded Jewish believers
Moses
God
Judaism
Prophet
Holy book
Pentateuch
Genesis
Exodus
Levitt,
The numbers
Deuteronomy
Yahweh
Important
Holidays
The legal interpretation of
biblical texts
"Thor"
"Law"
dilapidated
Testament
Talmud
Gemara
10
commandments
Mishnah
Saturday, Yom
Kippur (Day
purification),
Easter (spring)
Pentecost...
Hinduism - the religion
that emerged in the Indian
subcontinent. The
historical name of
Hinduism in Sanskrit Sanatana-Dharma (Sanskrit
सनातन धर्म, sanātana
dharma), which means
"eternal religion," "eternal
way" or "eternal law."
Hinduism - this is the third in the number of followers
of the religion in the world after Christianity and
Islam. Hindus are more than 1 billion people, of
whom about 950 million live in India and Nepal.
Other countries in which the adherents of Hinduism
form a significant part of the population, it is
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore, Mauritius, Fiji, Suriname, Guyana,
Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, Canada and
the USA.
In the second half of the XX century, Hinduism
has spread beyond India, crossed national
boundaries and gained a large following around
the world. Widespread and have become familiar
ideas such as karma, yoga and vegetarianism.
Hinduism has its roots in the Vedic civilization,
which is why it is called the world's oldest
religion.
First predominantly religious Indian society are the
Vedas (1500 prib.s 600 years. BC) Rig Veda (hymns to
the gods), Samaveda (melodies, chants), Yajurveda
(sacrificial formulas and sayings), Atharveda
(conspiracy).
- Dharma - the moral and ethical duty ethical obligations.
- Samsara - the cycle of birth and death, belief in reincarnation of
the soul after death, the bodies of animals, humans, gods.
- Karma - the belief that the order is determined by the rebirth of
life committed by the acts and their consequences.
- Moksha - liberation from the cycle of birth and death of
samsara.
The basis of the idea of ​a universal cosmic order -Rta.
Dharma some impersonal law, which is in the things themselves,
and events
Brahmanism
(1000 year B.C.)
produces a system of relations of the gods
Shiva
Brahma
Vishnu
Hinduism
the doctrine of
reincarnation of
souls (samsara)
Vishnu
appears as the
guardian of world
order and has many
guises (avatars)
Brahma
the root cause of the
world and the
creator of
humanity...
Shiva
Destroyer of the
world
Honored as a sacred
Cow, earth
River
Ganges
Plant
(Lotus)
The ultimate goal of spiritual practice is denoted by such terms
as "Moksha", "nirvana" or "samadhi", and the various sects of
Hinduism is understood in different ways:
- The realization of his unity with God
- Awareness of their eternal relationship with God and return to
His abode
- Achievements pure love of God
- Awareness of the unity of all existence
- Awareness of the true "I"
- Achieve perfect peace
- Complete freedom from material desires
Reaching the ultimate goal of human existence, the individual is
released from samsara, thus stopping the cycle of reincarnation.
Brahma
Supreme Gods
Vishnu
Brahmanism
Shiva
The origins
Brahmins
Hinduism
Kshatriyas
Literature sources
sacred
worship
MahabKharatha
UpaniShads
Vashj
Ramayana
Cow
Snake
Systems
Plant (lotus)
River(Ganges)
caste
structure of society
("Varna")
Sudras
Sankhya
Yoga
Vedanta
Mimamsa
Vaisesika
Nyaya
The main temple gopuram Arunachaleshvary in Tiruvannamalai
- one of the largest Hindu temples in the world.
Sunset over the Ganges in Mayapur. For millennia, Hindus
worship the river Ganges and worship it in the form of its
goddess personifying the Ganges.
One of the twelve gopuram Meenakshi Amman temple in
Madurai, dedicated to Shiva and Parvati
The main temple gopuram of Vishnu Shrirangam - the largest
Vaishnava temple in the world.
Image of four-armed form of Vishnu. The followers of the
monotheistic traditions of Vaishnavism, which represent about 70%
of the total number of Hindus worship Vishnu and his avatars, such
as Krishna and Rama, as God in His various manifestations.
Statue of Shiva in meditation. Bangalore,
Karnataka
Buddha statue in the Mahabodhi temple, Bodh Gaya.
Many followers of Hinduism worship Buddha as a
picture of God.
"Chunqiu"
("Spring
and
Autumn")
- the
annals of
Confucius
The
principles
of Zhenzhi
Confucius (551-479 BC) real name Kun-chi (Fu
Kun-chi-kung teacher).
The principle of
"Ren" - "Do not
do to others
what you do not
want to receive
from others"
The principle of "Lee"
requires respect for elders,
determines the
relationship between
fathers and son, ruler and
subject, husband and wife,
and also friends
The ethical
system of
Confucius
says that
everyone
should have
freedom of
choice, and
human
nature,
basically,
without
blemish
In the era of the Han
Dynasty (206 AD.
AD-220 AD),
Confucianism
became the state
religion of China
Confucianism was declared sacred power of
the ruler, granted sky, and the division of
people into higher and lower (noble men and
young fellows) a universal law
Modern Confucian temple in c.Malakka,
Malaysia
Confucianism
declared the ruler of the sacred, heaven
bestowed, and the division of people into higher
and lower (noble men and young fellows), a
universal law.
humanism
Wisdom
The main content of
the teachings of the
great virtues are 5
Faithfulnes
Braveness
respect for
elders
Confucius
(Koop-tzu)
Person isn’t for oneself
But for society
slogan
founder
AcOHChasi
lee
Principals
Confucianism
general law
justice
separation
people
At the higher
noble
General contest
five Great
Virtue
At the lower
small
fellows
•Taoism - Ancient Chinese religion,
the founder of the Lao-Tzu.
1
•The Sacred Book of the Tao detszyn.
2
•The main goal of Taoists,
achieving longevity through a
range of techniques and merging
with the Tao.
3

Dao-cause of the universe and the ultimate goal.
Dao absolute and the path that should be all around the
world.
Taoist temple in the territory of Chang Chun (Eternal Spring) in Wuhan
Tao detszip
Lao-Tzu
The Book of
the Way...
Founder
Sources
deification
Taoism
Main conceptions
universal Tao
law of motion
and changes
world
yin
Dao, sky, earth,
The king
yan
Aim of person
immersion in
communion with
the Tao
moral
ideal
hermit
The complex process
of cultural synthesis
of local tribes and had
to lay proper
foundation of
Japanese culture,
religious-cult aspect
which has received
the name of Shinto.
Floating Itsukushima torii
temple
Shinto - religion of the Japanese
indicating the path of the gods
The basis of Shinto - the deification of
natural forces and worship him
In its pantheon of more than 8 million.
The gods (kami)
Each thing has its own spirit, deity
(kami)
The world - a single habitat,
where the stones, and the souls of
dead people live side by side

Life - a natural and eternal cycle of
birth and death, through which
everything in the world is constantly
updated
The purpose of human - exist
harmoniously with nature
The main sources of mythology is a collection
of Kojiki and Nihongi
In 72 po.R.Hr created a set of laws Tayhore.
The emperor gods live, which directs all their
activities,
proclaims Shintoism.
Japan is a country of the Gods, in front of
which must bend all others.
"Kojiki"
"Nikon Shoki"
compilations
Path
of Gods
Particular
place
is
goddess
Sun
amateurs
Gods
Kami
Shinto
there are
about 8 million
sinptay
Object of
worship
Kokutay
body
State
Deity
living in each
Japanese
Ain
of Human
harmony exist
with nature
supreme
priest
Imperator
The victimsoffering
(SIRS
service in
Shintoism
Purification
Brief
prayer
(norito)
drink
(yell)