Transcript Holt McDougal, Holt McDougal

The Early Hebrews
The Big Idea
Originally desert nomads, the Hebrews established a great
kingdom called Israel.
Main Ideas
• Abraham and Moses led the Hebrews to Canaan and to a
new religion.
• Strong kings united the Israelites to fight off invaders.
• Invaders conquered and ruled the Hebrews after their
kingdom broke apart.
• Some women in Hebrew society made great contributions
to their history.
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• The pharaoh of
Egypt made the
Hebrews slaves to
stop them from
taking over Egypt.
• A leader named
Moses demanded
that the pharaoh
free his people.
• He refused, and
plagues occurred,
frightening the
pharaoh.
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• His people were
released, so they
began their
Exodus out of
Egypt.
• They included
worshipping
only God and
valuing human
life.
• God then gave
Moses the Ten
Commandments
at Mt. Sinai by
which to live.
• The Hebrews
reached Canaan
and settled there
in small
communities, as
the Israelites.
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Jewish Beliefs and Texts
The Big Idea
The central ideas and laws of Judaism are contained in
sacred texts such as the Torah.
Main Ideas
• Beliefs in God, education, justice, and obedience anchor
Jewish society.
• Jewish beliefs are listed in the Torah, the Hebrew Bible,
and the Commentaries.
• The Dead Sea Scrolls reveal many past Jewish beliefs.
• The ideas of Judaism have helped shape later cultures.
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The Torah
• This is a
collection of five
books that make
up the most
sacred text in
Judaism.
• Nearly every
synagogue has
one.
The Hebrew
Bible
• This is made up
of the Torah, the
Proverbs, and
the Book of
Psalms.
• It is also made
up of eight books
that describe the
messages of the
prophets.
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The
Commentaries
• Because some
laws are hard to
understand,
scholars wrote
commentaries to
explain them.
• They can be
found in the
Talmud.
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Judaism over the Centuries
The Big Idea
Although they were forced out of Israel by the Romans,
shared beliefs and customs helped Jews
maintain their religion.
Main Ideas
• Revolt, defeat, and migration led to great changes in
Jewish culture.
• Because Jews settled in different parts of the world, two
cultural traditions formed.
• Jewish traditions and holy days celebrate their history and
religion.
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Hanukkah
Passover
• This holiday honors
the rededication of
the Second Temple.
• This is a time for
Jews to remember
the Exodus.
• It is celebrated by
lighting candles in
a menorah.
• They eat only flat
bread and have a
ritual meal called
the seder.
• The eight days
represent the
amount of time the
oil burned during
the rededication.
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High Holy Days
• The first two days,
Rosh Hashanah,
celebrate the
beginning of the
Jewish new year.
• On Yom Kippur, the
most holy day,
they fast all day
and ask God for
forgiveness of their
sins.