Transcript Slide 1

Judaism
1. Founder –
a. Abraham is recognized as the founder of
Judaism due to his covenant with God.
b. Moses is also considered a founder due to his
role in the liberation of the Hebrews from Egypt,
and his delivery of the Ten Commandments from
Mount Sinai sometime around 2000 BCE.
2. Geographic Origin - Developed in the Middle East
in and around the area that is currently Israel
sometime around 3000 BCE.
3. Currently Practiced – Worldwide, but the greatest
majority of Jews reside in Israel, the United States,
Eastern Europe and Russia.
Abraham
Moses
Judaism
1. Significant Writings –
a. Torah - The holy book of Judaism. It describes
the creation of the world, the history of ancient
Israel, the Ten Commandments, and contains
the Psalms and the prophetic books.
b. Talmud - The collection of Jewish writings that
is the basis of Jewish religious law; Book of
ethical writings
2. Places of Worship - Jews worship in temples
called synagogues.
3. Significant Religious People - Rabbis charged
with conducting religious services, ensuring that
Jewish laws are observed, and serving as a
spiritual guide for the community.
Torah
Talmud
Synagogue
Judaism
7. Beliefs:
a. God, Torah and Israel – Three essential elements to
Jewish beliefs
b. God - Monotheism – Judaism teaches that there is
one God, Yahweh, who is the creator of all things.
1. Covenant with God –Abraham, the first prophet
made a agreement with God. God promised Abraham
a protection and a home in Canaan (Israel) in return
for Abraham’s faith in one all-powerful God by
following to God’s divine teachings, the Torah.
a. Moses - Entered into a covenant with God
through the Ten Commandments. (Exodus)
c. Israel – The holy land God provided to the Jews.
d. Torah - The holy book of Judaism. It contains the
ethical and ritual commandments through which one
may partake in God’s ethical and moral holiness.
Abraham enters
into Covenant with
Yahweh
Moses leads Israelites
out of Egypt
Judaism beliefs continued…
e. Ten Commandments –
1. You shall have no other gods before Me.
2. You shall not make yourself any graven image, or any
likeness of anything that is in the heavens above…
3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in
vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His
name in vain.
4. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days
you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is
a Sabbath to the Lord your God
5. Honor your father and mother, that your days may be
long in the land the Lord your God gives you.
6. You shall not commit murder.
7. You shall not commit adultery.
8. You shall not steal.
9. You shall not witness falsely against your neighbor.
10. You shall not covet your neighbor's house, your
neighbor's wife, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or
his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your
neighbor's.
Judaism beliefs continued…
F. Jewish Persecution – throughout their
existence, Jews have faced persecution, a
program or campaign to exterminate, drive
away, or subjugate a people because of their
religion, race, or beliefs.
1. Slavery in Egypt – Became slaves in
Egypt until God and Moses freed them
2. Diaspora - forced exile throughout the
world due to persecution.
3. The Holocaust - The Nazis systematic
annihilation of the Jews during WWII.
Over 6 Million Jews were executed due to
Adolf Hitler’s Final Solution.
• Jews believe that they are God’s
chosen people, why does their survival
of slavery, exile, persecution and the
Holocaust reinforce this idea?
J. Christianity
1. Founder – Jesus of Nazareth Geographic
Origin - Developed in Judea (now Jerusalem,
Israel), located in the Middle East bordering the
Mediterranean Sea sometime around the year 30
CE.
2. Currently Practiced – Christianity is the largest
religion in the world with over 2 billion
followers. Religion spread through
missionaries and conquests. It is the dominant
religion in North America, South America,
Europe, and Russia.
3. Significant Writings – The Holy Bible,
a. Old Testament – The teachings from the
Jewish holy book the Torah
b. New Testament - The written accounts from
Jesus’ disciples concerning his life and
teachings.
Christianity
5. Places of Worship - Christians practice
their faith in temples usually referred to as
churches.
6. Significant Religious People –
a. The Pope - the religious leader for all
Roman Catholics
b. Patriarch - the Christian leader of the
Eastern Orthodox sects.
c. Priests and ministers are Christian
holy men and women who are charged
with conducting religious services,
ensuring that Jewish laws are
observed, and serving as a spiritual
guide for the community.
Christianity
7. Beliefs:
a. Shared beliefs with Judaism – Jewish laws
are the basis for Christian laws
1. Monotheism – Belief in one God
2. Ten Commandments - Both follow the
religious guidelines of the Ten Commandments
found in the Book of Exodus.
3. Messiah - Jewish prophecies contained in
several books of the Old Testament stated that
God would send a savior, or messiah, to the
people of Israel. While Judaism clearly states
that this event has not yet occurred.
b. Jesus Christ, Messiah - Christians believe
that Jesus was the Son of God and the
Messiah (Savior) sent to redeem the world of
sin.
What similarities do Judaism
and Christianity share?
What are the differences?
Christianity
C. Holy Trinity - formed by the Creator (Father),
Redeemer (Son), and Sustainer (Holy Spirit).
Christians believe that these three entities are all
part of a single higher power.
d. Compassion - Christians emphasize God’s love and
compassion. They preach the need for justice,
morality, service to others
e. Salvation - reaching Heaven
f. Atonement - forgiveness of sins. Christians
believe that sins can be forgiven by God.
g. Practices –
1.
2.
Church Service - Christians are expected to attend
church services regularly, usually on Sundays and
holy days such as Christmas and Easter.
Sacraments - religious practices such as baptism,
and receiving the Eucharist (Communion).
Why do some people consider
the Holy trinity polytheistic?
Christianity
h.
i.
Denominations - Due to different interpretations of
the Bible and the practice of different ceremonies
and rituals, there are several different sects within
Christianity.
Great Schism - The first major split within
Christianity occurred in 1056 CE. This split divided
the Christian world into the Roman Catholics and
the Eastern Orthodox.
Christianity
1. Roman Catholicism - The largest Christian branch and
claims over a billion members, representing
approximately half of all Christians. The Church's
highest earthly authority is the Pope. This branch of
Christianity is predominately practiced in Western
Europe and the Latin America. (Latin based)
2. Eastern Orthodoxy - The 2nd largest Christian branch,
estimated to number between 225 and 300 million
members. The highest earthly authority is the
Patriarch. This branch of Christianity is predominately
practiced in Eastern Europe and Russia. (Greek)
3. Protestant Christianity - A branch within Christianity,
containing many denominations of different practices
and doctrines that originated in the sixteenth-century
Reformation (Branches include: Lutheran, Presbyterian,
Baptist, Anglican, etc.) These branches of Christianity
are predominately practiced in Western Europe and the
United States (Vernacular)
Why are there so many
Christian denominations?
Islam
K. Islam 1. Founder – Islam was founded by the prophet
Muhammad.
2. Geographic Origin - Developed on the Arabian
Peninsula (Mecca or Mekkah) in the year 622 CE,
and quickly spread to other regions through trade
and warfare.
3. Currently Practiced – Islam is most dominant
throughout the Middle East, including North Africa
and Southwest Asia and Southeast Asia.
4. Significant Writings – The teachings of Islam are
collected in the Qur'an or Koran.
5. Places of Worship - Muslims may gather to worship
in temples called Mosques
6. Significant Religious People – the Caliph or
successor to the Prophet Muhammad.
Islam
7. Beliefs:
a. Monotheism – Belief in one God
b. Muhammad – Muslims consider Muhammad
as the last great prophet to God and he
received the final word of God, or Allah,
through the angel Gabriel while living in the
city of Mecca.
c. Qur’an - The Qur’an or Koran is the final and
complete revelation of Allah
Islamic Beliefs cont….
D. Five Pillars of Islam - Under Muhammad's
leadership, the Five Pillars of Islam were
established. Every Muslim is expected to follow
these rules in order to lead an ethical life:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Confession of Faith - The belief that "there is no
God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet."
Prayer - Muslims must pray five times per day,
facing towards Mecca.
Alms - Muslims must give alms (charity or tax) to the
poor, and support the local Mosque by donating a
portion of their income.
Fasting- During the Ramadan, the ninth month of
the Muslim calendar, all Muslims must fast during
daylight hours, except the very young or sick.
Hajj - Muslims who have the finances to do so, must
make a hajj, or holy pilgrimage, to the city of Mecca.
What similarities do Judaism,
Christianity and Islam share?
Islamic Beliefs continued…
e. Sharia - Islamic system of law that regulates
moral conduct, family life, business practices,
government and other aspects of a Muslim
community.
f. Hegira - The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to
Medina was instrumental to the founding of the
religion of Islam, and is known as the Hegira and
this date became the starting point for the Islamic
calendar. 622 CE
g. Jihad - or the holy struggle save Islam or spread
Islam. Holy War
Islamic Beliefs continued…
H. Sunni and Shia Islam – Due to different
interpretations on how to choose the Caliph,
religious leader of Islam, differing sects of Islam
evolved.
1. Sunni Islam - The largest denomination of
Islam; Sunni Muslims believe that the Caliph
should be chosen from the community.
2. Shia Islam - The minority branch of Islam; The
followers of Shia Islam are called Shi'ites.
Shiite Muslims believe that Muhammad's family
and certain individuals among his descendants
should be the Caliph