Transcript The History of the Jews

The History of the Jews
2000b.c.e. - today
Main entry: 1cul-ture
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Pronunciation: \ˈkəl-chər\Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, cultivated land, cultivation, from Anglo-French, from Latin cultura, from cultus, past participleDate: 15th century1 :
cultivation, tillage 2 : the act of developing the intellectual and moral faculties especially by education 3 : expert care and training <beauty
culture>4 a : enlightenment and excellence of taste acquired by intellectual and aesthetic training b : acquaintance with and taste in fine arts,
humanities, and broad aspects of science as distinguished from vocational and technical skills
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5 a : the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that
depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to
succeeding generations
b : the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or
social group; also : the characteristic features of everyday existence (as
diversions or a way of life} shared by people in a place or time <popular culture>
<southern culture>
c : the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an
institution or organization <a corporate culture focused on the bottom line> d :
the set of values, conventions, or social practices associated with a particular
field, activity, or societal characteristic <studying the effect of computers on print
culture> <changing the culture of materialism will take time — Peggy O'Mara>
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6 : the act or process of cultivating living material (as bacteria or viruses) in prepared nutrient media; also : a product of such cultivation
Merriam Webster Dictionary on-line.
Main entry: re-li-gion
• Pronunciation: \ri-ˈli-jən\ Function: noun Etymology:
Middle English religioun, from Anglo-French religiun, Latin
religion-, religio supernatural constraint, sanction,
religious practice, perhaps from religare to restrain, tie
back Date: 13th century1 a : the state of a religious <a nun
in her 20th year of religion> b (1) : the service and worship
of God or the supernatural (2) : commitment or devotion
to religious faith or observance 2 : a personal set or
institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and
practices 3 archaic : scrupulous conformity :
conscientiousness 4 : a cause, principle, or system of
beliefs held to with ardor and faith— re·li·gion·less
adjective
Map of Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotomia/the Fertile Crescent
Who were the Hebrews?
Let’s go all the way back
• Noah
• Abraham – Matriarchs & Patriarchs
(2000b.c.e)
– Isaac (Ishmael – stay tuned)
– Jacob
– 12 sons (Israel) = Children of Israel
…..to Egypt (we’re hungry)
Exodus &Settlement
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1250 b.c.e.
Famine to Egypt
In Egypt, slaves
Enter Moses
To Sinai Desert/Mt. Sinai/Land of Canaan
Settlement & loose confederacy
Kings
• Saul
• David ( & Goliath) (Palestinians? Stay
tuned)
• Nation of Israel (1000 b.c.e.)
• Kingdom = Empire under Solomon
• Temple in Jerusalem
• Rehoboam …..
Tribes & 2 Kingdoms
925 b.c.e.
• Northern Kingdom –
10 tribes = Israel
• Southern Kingdom –
• 3 tribes +
Jerusalem = Judah
Assyrians
• Conquer Israel (North) and absorb/relocate
people = 10 lost tribes
Babylonians (exile & return)
• Nebuchadnezzar (586 b.c.e.)
• Conquer Judah & Jerusalem (first temple
destroyed)
• Judeans exiled to Babylonia
• Persians conquer Babs (540 b.c.e.) and
permit Israelites to return to Jerus (re-est
& rebuild)
Cyrus & the Persians
• 538 – 332 b.c.e.
• Conquered Mesopotamia & whole M.E. in
the name of religion
• Zarathustra – Zoroastrianism in mid 7th c
• Dualistic universe – eternal battle between
good and evil!
Exile & RETURN!
Alexander the Great
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332-63 b.c.e.
Hellenization
Extreme restrictions
Translation of Torah
Maccabees
• 167 b.c.e.
• Family revolts
• Recaptures temple
• Dec. 165 (Hanukkah)
• Create independent
Nation of Israel for
100 years (Jesus – stay
Tuned)
Rome – Second Temple
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70 c.e.
Desecration, taxes & revolts
Sanhedrin
68 c.e. BIG revolt; Temple destroyed
Exile and Diaspora
Massacres, expulsions & pogroms
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European anti-Semitism
1096 c.e. Germans Massacre
1290 c.e. England expels
1305 c.e. France expels
1492 c.e. Spain expels
But wait – 1654 c.e. Jews in New York
1881 c.e. Russian pogroms
1933 – 45 c.e. Holocaust
Zionism
• 1894 c.e. in France
• Herzl & Dreyfus
Israel est.
• 1948
• 4th Nation of Israel
Terminology
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Ancient Israel v. Classical Judaism
Israelite v. Israeli v. Jew (ancient and mod)
Judaism; Jewish
Children/ppl of Israel; chosen ppl
Hebrew
Israel = Palestine
The world in 2000b.c.e.
• Art history: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/worldregions/#/02/World-Map
• Ancient Egypt:
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/time/explore/main.html
• Neolithic China:
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/ancient_china/neolithic.html
• Ancient Greece:
http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/places-timelines/01-ancient-greece-
timeline.htm
• Persian Empire:
• Ancient Rome: http://eawc.evansville.edu/chronology/ropage.htm