Transcript AP Human Geography - Dripping Springs ISD

Chapter 7 Part II
Religion
Topics:
Religion and Politics
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Religious Cultural Landscape
According to the author’s host, why did the Soviet
Union leave churches in disrepair? What did the
churches represent to Soviets?
In 1964 the churches were relics and reminders of Soviet
victory. Allowing them to disintegrate was a Soviet
statement against religion.
1.
2.
The rational for atheism and discouraging religious
practice was “conflict due to religious diversity.”
What evidence is given that the Soviet Union
encompassed great diversity?
The Soviet Union included 15 republics (previously
countries) and 100 ethnically distinct territories, 70
of which were in Russia proper.
Why do you think the Soviets had a less tolerant
policy toward Jews and Christians than Muslims?
Tolerance of Islam was limited to the old – it was
discouraged among the young
No tolerance for Christians because the church had long
been connected politically to the old system.
3.
What was the Soviet reasoning for creating local
ethnic enclaves having local rule?
Enclave – an area that is separated from the political or
cultural origin of base of the people, and surrounded
by a completely different political/cultural regime.
Where there were pockets of cultural difference that was
far from Moscow, Soviets allowed local rule to inspire
allegence to the Soviet government.
4.
What happened as soon as the Soviet’s lost control of
the trans-Caucasus region?
The functioning of Christians surrounded by Muslims
lasted as long as external Soviet control was applied.
Once that went away there was bloody battle between
Christians and Muslims from previous historical
differences.
5.
What is the reason for hostility between Armenians
and Azerbaijanis?
The Conflict between the two began with the Ottoman
Rule (c.1450-1914) of the region. Christians were not
treated well and Armenian Christians looked to the
aide of Christian Russia whose government really
wanted to expand in that direction for access to the
warm water port of the Black Sea.
6.
 The Ottoman empire actually committed terrible
genocide against Christian Armenians during World
War I because of the Armenian relationship to Russia.
What is the evidence that the Soviets had NOT
eradicated religion- merely sent it underground?
The hostility between Christian Armenians and
Azerbaijanis (Shi’ite Muslims) re-igniting
The Russian Orthodox Church was immediately rebuilt
two blocks from the Kremlin.
7.
8.
Give an example of religion doing each of the
following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Combating social ills
Sustaining the poor
Promoting art
Educating the deprived
Advancing medical knowledge
9.
Give an example of religion doing each of the
following:
Blocking scientific study
b) Encouraging dissident oppression
c) Supporting colonialism
d) Condemning women to inferior status.
a)
10.
When and where did Zoroastrianism develop?
Scholarly views, on when Zoroastrianism began, vary from 1700 BCE to earlier than
2000 BCE. Either way, Zoroastrianism is the oldest monotheistic religion in the world,
predating even the short-lived experiment of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten, in the
14th century BCE.
11.
Is it the first monotheistic religion?
Zoroastrianism clearly must have existed in Persia by the seventh century
BCE, since this was already the religion of the Persians at the time of the
Jewish Exile. Because the Persians are known to have adopted
Zoroastrianism during the previous century, it was long supposed that this
marked the beginning of the religion. However it is now recognized that
Zoroastrianism only arrived in the region from eastern Iran at this time,
and had existed in eastern Iran for some centuries. Scholars say that
Zoroastrianism originated in southern Russia, although a minority view is
that it originated somewhere in or near Afganistan.
12. Abraham was from Ur. Where was Ur?
To the west of the Euphrates River not too far north of
the Persian gulf.
13. How old is Judaism compared to the Epic of
Gilgamesh?
 The Children of Israel (1200-1000 BCE)
 Gilgamesh is believed to have been a real ruler in the
late Early Dynastic II period ca. 27th century BC.
 The most complete version of the Epic is preserved on
12 clay tablets from the library collection of 7thcentury BC Assyrian king Ashurbanipal.
14. Where was Caanan?
Modern Day Israel
 Abraham led the Hebrews
to Caanan which they
renamed Israel
 Then there was famine
and the Hebrew tribes
wondered over to Egypt.
 Bad idea, enslaved by
Egyptians.
 Moses led the Jews out
of the desert of Egypt and
made a stop over at Mt. Sinai
 God gave Moses the
10 commandments.
 Saul united the tribes and became king.
 Fought against the Philistines for control of Israel.
 David built Jerusalem
 Solomon built the Temple
 Civil war divided Hebrews into two divisions, Israel
and Judah
15. How did the nation of Israel split?
 Civil war divided Hebrews into two divisions, Israel
and Judah
 Wore down the Hebrews til Israel was assimilated
 Judah held on to culture
 But then the Chaldeans, whose base was Babylon ,
forced the Jews out of Israel – Diaspora.
 Many of the Jews became slaves in Babylon.
 The Persians beat the Chaldeans and allowed the Jews
to return to Palestine.
16. What happened to each kingdom?
 The Assyrians had worn down the Hebrews til Israel
was assimilated
 Yet the Kingdom of Judah held onto its culture
17. How did the Hebrew people re-group?
 The Persians beat the Babylonians and allowed the
Jews to return to Palestine.
18. Which outside invaders controlled Jerusalem over
time?
The big names were the Assyrians and Chaldeans
(Babylonians.)
 Ones selected by God to deliver his messages
 Foretold of a Messiah, one who would liberate them
from oppression
 The Jewish God was one of concern for the welfare of
them all, not a particular class. He was concerned with
their moral standards.
 There was an afterlife for ones who met the standards.
19.
What happened to Jerusalem in 70 CE
The Siege of Jerusalem in the year 70 was a decisive event in
the First Jewish-Roman War, followed by the fall of Masada in
73. The Roman army, led by the future Emperor Titus, with
Tiberius Julius Alexander as his second-in-command, besieged
and conquered the city of Jerusalem, which had been occupied
by its Jewish defenders in 66. The city and its famous Temple
were completely destroyed.
The destruction of the Temple is still mourned annually as the
Jewish fast Tisha B'Av, and the Arch of Titus, depicting and
celebrating the sack of Jerusalem and the Temple, still stands
in Rome.
20.
How does modernization cause religion to
change?
There are often new interpretations of old doctrine
to rectify or explain contradictions presented by
science.
Often, varying sects of a religion develop depending
on retention of old interpretations vs. new
interpretations or more modern rituals.
21. Differentiate between three main sects of
Judaism.
Reform: adjusts practice to modern lifestyle
Orthodox: retains early traditions
Conservative: retains some early traditions, but not
as extreme in its modern interpretation.
22. Who were the Ashkenazim and Sephardin?
Ashkenazim - the Jewish migrants to Central Europe.
Sephardim – the Jewish migrants to the Iberian
Peninsula.
23.
Centuries of persecution led to a desire for a
home base known as ___?
Zionism