Transcript Chapter 5
Chapter 5 Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt Website • great interactive Egypt map,timeline, pyramid picts, mummy • word scramble, map to print,some games The Nile • • • • • • World’s longest river – 4,160 miles Cataracts (falls) in the south A delta near the Mediterranean Sea Floods at the same time each year About 24 miles around river farmed Desert after that Agriculture • • • • • Used irrigation canals (to carry the water) Used a tool called a shaduf (bucket on a rope) Grew vegetables (lettuce, grapes, dates) Grew material for clothes Were first to weave flax plants into linen Egyptian houses • • • • • • Used Bricks of mud and straw. Painted white walls. Sticks and palm trees to make roofs. Wove reed mats for floors. Most slept on mats. Often cooked, ate and even slept outside. Econony • Mining – Copper, iron, gold and bronze – Turquoise and lapis lazuli. • Fishing and hunting (rafts made of reeds) – Fish and quail • Trade (bartering – goods traded for goods) – (up and down the Nile with the help of sails to go against the current) Chapter 5 – lesson 2 • Specialized jobs (developed as food surpluses were available) – Scribes (wrote and kept records) – Artisans (potters, furniture, linen clothing, sandals and jewelry) – Traders Egyptian Roles • • • • • Pharaoh – Above all (a “god”) Priests – cared for temples – kept gods happy. Scribes – reading and writing Artisans and Merchants Farmers More roles • Laborers and slaves • Women were fairly equal to men • Slaves (owed a debt, were criminals, or captured in war) – were usually freed after a time. • Children – had toys, played games, and wealthy ones were educated. Developments • • • • • • • Linen cloth Developed the first calendar Geometry First surgeries! Writing system (Hieroglyphs) Paper-like material (papyrus) First books Beliefs and Religion • Positive view of life and death (afterlife). • Polytheism – Re (sun god) – Osiris (judged after death) – Isis (fertility god – Osiris’s wife) – Anubis (god of the dead) Mummies • Embalm (preserve a body after death) – Removed organs and soaked body in salt. • Mummy (dried body that won’t decay) • Process of embalming and wrapping took 70 days! • Expensive process – not all could afford. Chapter 5 lesson 3 • Dynasty (a line of rulers from the same family) • Succession (the order in which family members inherit the throne) • Old Kingdom (2575 B.C. to 2130 B.C.) - 2630 B.C. King Djoser built a step pyramid - 2550 B.C. Khufu had the great pyramid built. (760 feet long – 2.3 million stones!) • In ancient Egypt no camels! • -Yes today, but not back then until the Greeks took over the area of Egypt! The Great Pyramid of Giza • • • • • • Made for pharaoh Khufu Took 20 years to make Used Copper saws and chisels Farmers did heavy hauling of stone Estimated 20,000 workers! City of Giza built for pyramid workers!