Transcript CH 11 History of Ancient Egypt 4500

CH 11 History of Ancient
Egypt 4500-500 BC
7.1.1 Identify and compare the rise of early agricultural river valley
civilization in Africa and Asia.
7.1.2 Describe the achievement of ancient Egypt in art, architecture,
religion, and government and the development of the concept of
theocracy.
7.1.3. Trace steps in the development of written language, including
the evolution of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Section 1: Geography and
Early Egypt: Gift of the
Nile
Nile River- begins in central Africa and runs north to
Mediterranean Sea.
Over 4,000 Miles Long
Egypt developed over 750 mile stretch of the Nile
Physical Features of the
Nile River
 Cataracts- rapids
 Delta- triangle shaped area of land made from soil
deposited by a river.
 Floods of the Nile- page 279
 Due to flooding it created a 13 mi wide fertile river
valley surrounded by bleak desert sands.
Nile is Life
4500 BC
 Farmers living in small villages grew wheat and
barely.
 Irrigation for Egypt were canals.
 Egyptian had an abundance of food, cattle, and fish.
Upper Egypt
 Located in Southern Egypt
 Capital City- Nekhen (west bank of Nile)
 King wore a cone-shaped white crown.
Upper and Lower Egypt
Lower Egypt
 Located in the North
 Capital City- Pe
 King wore a red crown
Menes
 Unified Upper and Lower Egypt
His armies invaded Lower Egypt.
He married a princess from Lower Egypt to strengthen
the country.
 Built Capital City in Memphis (near the end of the
delta where Lower Egypt met Upper Egypt
Section 2 The Old
Kingdom
 Old Kingdom- lasted about 500 years
 2700-2200 BC
 Old Kingdom = Third Dynasty
Great Resource
Social Hierarchy
 Pharaoh
 Nobles
 Scribe and Craftspeople
 Farmers, Servants, and Slaves
Egyptian Religion
 Polytheist
 Re, or Amon- Red, the sun god
 Osiris, the god of the underworld
 Isis, the goddess of magic/life
 Horus, the sky god; god of the pharaohs
 Thoth, the god of wisdom
 Geb, the Earth god
Afterlife
 Afterlife- life after death
 Was a happy place
 Ka (Kah) life-force or spirit
 Tombs filled with objects for the afterlife
Tombs Filled with Objects
Mummies
 Mummies- specially treated bodies wrapped in
cloth.
 Embalming- a method to slow the was process of
decaying down for many years.
 Why did Egyptians mummify?
 Egyptians thought the body needed to be preserved
so the spirit could recognize the body.
How Mummies were
made?
How to Wrap
Pyramids
 Huge, stone tombs with four triangle-shaped sides
that met in a point on top.
 Engineering- the application of scientific knowledge
for practical purposes.
Building the Pyramids
 2 million blocks of limestone
 100,000 workers?
 Ramps?
 Nile River?
Importance of Pyramids
 Size and shape were symbolic
 Pointing to the sky
 Why?
 Safe and Security for the Pharaoh
Section 3 The Middle and
New Kingdom
3000 BC
2000 BC
2700-2200 BC
2050- 1750 BC
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
1000 BC
1550-1050 BC
New Kingdom
Out with the Old in with
the New
 Why did the Old Kingdom end?
 Money- taxes, cost of building pyramids
 Nobles took power from the pharaohs
Invaders
 Middle Kingdom- power was stable between
periods of disorder.
 The Hyksos- (rulers of foreign land) immigrants
invaded around 1750 BC from Southwest Asia,
ruled for 200 years.
 Mid 1500’s Egyptian fought back. Ahmose of
Thebes ruled Egypt.
Hyksos
Better weapons and advancements in technology.
Ahmose I of Thebes: End of
Middle Kingdom Beginning of
New Kingdom
New Kingdom
1550 to 1050- Conquest and trade brought wealth to
the pharaohs.
Strong
military led
to many
conquest
and
treasures
were
brought
back.
Wealth increased from
trade.
Hittites, Assyrians, and
Babylonians sent gifts to
Egypt in order to maintain
healthy relations
Despite efforts to rule
Egypt was attacked many
times.
By:
The Hittites
The Tehenu from the West
The Sea People
Queen Hatshepsut
Female ruler who expanded trade and built great monuments
During the New Kingdom
Trade Routes- paths followed by traders
She used money from trade to support the arts and building.
Long live the Queen
Work and Daily Life
Scribes
Artisans
Artist
Architects
Merchants
Traders
Soldiers
Farmers and other
Peasants
Who made up the
Majority of Egypt’s
Population?
Who had most opportunity
to rise in social status?
Soliders in Egypt
Artisans and Artist
Women in Egypt
Devoted to homes and families
Jobs outside home
Served as priestesses
Royal officials and administrators
Legal Rights
Own property
Make contracts
Divorce (keep property after)
Family
What was family life like in Egypt? Page 296
Section 4 Egyptian
Achievements
Egyptian writingHieroglyphics- Egyptian writing system
Papyrus- long lasting paper made from reeds.
Papyrus
Rosetta Stone
1799- Discovered by French solider
-a huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics
Included text in Greek and a later form of Egyptian.
Why was finding the Rosetta Stone important?
It gave us the ability to translate hieroglyphics.
Egypt’s Great Temples
Obelisk- a tall four sided pillar that is pointed at the top.
Sphinxes
Imaginary creatures with body of a lion and head of
another animal or a humans.
Typically places in front in order to protect or promote
power.