Transcript EGYPT- APAHx

The Egyptians
Key terms to add:
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Idealized
Deitized
Styalized
Individualized
Hieratic or Hierarchical Scale
Narrative Art
Engaged Columns
Style
Hypostyle
Axial Temple
Imhotep
In situ
Ka
Obelisks
Mastaba
Background
 Prior to 5000 BCE, hunters and gatherers wandered
 5000 BCE, people/families from western Asia settle in
the very fertile and lush Nile River Valley
 Protected by cliffs on either side, and varying degrees
of river width
 Civilization flourishes over time. Why?
 Kingdoms emerge as one town overtakes another. As
the prehistoric era comes to a close, 2 strong kingdoms
emerge: Lower Egypt (delta) and Upper Egypt (valley
carved into the desert by the Nile)
See Google Earth….
 Oooh! Aaaah!
 http://www.gmapssatellite.com/satelliteimage/Valley_
of_the_Kings_Qina_Egypt
3 Major Periods in Egyptian History:
 1) Old Kingdom
 2) Middle Kingdom
 3) New Kingdom
 Dynasties subdivide the kingdom- every effort is made
to keep the bloodline pure.
Pyramid of Djoser (Imhotep Step!)
Pyramids
 http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/destinatio
ns/egypt-pyramids-dest?source=relatedvideo
 http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-ofall-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-usbuilding-the-pyramids
Great Pyramids
 C. 2550- 2490 BCE
 Limestome
 Giza, Egypt
 Pharoah buried within rather than underneath
 Minimal interior – much of the structure is essentially
solid stone
 Shape suggests the sun’s rays
 Originally faced with white limestone
 Adjacent to a funerary complex – the necropolis
5 Task Writing Response
Using specific evidence, explain
how Djoser influenced the design,
function, and setting of the Great
Pyramids. How do both convey an
understanding of Egyptian
afterlife?
Egyptian Painting and Sculpture
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Terms:
Hieroglyphics:
Papyrus
Egyptians believed that superhuman forces were in need of
constant worship. The afterlife was crucial, so funerary art
was designed to last forever- even designed to dissuade
vandals.
Composite stance and hieratic scale
Register
Ground line
In situ: carves on the spot.
Power Sketch:
Palette of Narmer
 (ca. 3000-2920 BCE)
 Slate
 Egyptian Musuem, Cairo
 Bas-relief
 Shows unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
 Goddess Hathor depicted along top (cow with
woman’s face)
 Hierarchy of scale
 Registers/ground lines
Sphinx (*IS)
Highlights (*IS)
 2500 BCE; Carved in Situ
 Largest colossal statue in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia
 Body of a lion; head of a pharaoh
 May be a portrait of the pharaoh Khafre
 Seems to be a protector of the structures behind it
 Originally very brightly painted- meant to stand out
 Cats are of high importance- royal animals in Egyptian
culture
 Badly mauled in the Middle Ages
 Beard of the Sphinx now in the British Museum
Khafre Enthroned (*CS)
Highlights:
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2500 BCE
Diorite- quarry 400 mikes away
Near Sphinx in his valley
Incarnation of Horus, the falcon
god (seated behind him)
Symbolic- papyrus and lotus
interlock at the base
Throne- 2 stylized lions
Frontal; bilaterally symmetrical;
attached- no negative space
Strict adherence to Egyptian
proportions – idealized to show
divinity
Nemes headdress – cobra ureaus
Menkuara and His Queen (*IS)
Highlights
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2490-2472 BCE
Greywacke; 4’ 6 ½”
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Once stood at his pyramid in Gizeh
High Relief- figures wedded to the
block
Rigidly forward
“Moving” but highly unnatural
Perhaps the ka
Figures attached to stone
Strong physiques connote rulership
Equality of sexes seen in height of
figures
Compare
Seated Scribe (*IS)
Power Sketch
What are you noting????
Seated Scribe (*IS)
Highlights:
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2400 BCE
Painted Limestone; 1’ 9”
Provision for the ka
Original paint remains
Not royalty- sagging chest; not
youthful
 Still rigid and frontal, idealized
(not a portrait)- but realism comes
into play (hieratic scale)
 Obesity common in non-royal
portraits
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https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/an
cient-art-civilizations/egypt-art/predynasticold-kingdom/v/the-seated-scribe-c-26202500-b-c-e
Temple Plan (*IS)
Temple of Amun-Re (*IS)
 Ca. 1550 – 1250 BCE
 Sandstone and mud
 Near Luxor, Egypt
 Huge columns packed
together (hypostyle hall)
 Axial plan
 Clerestory windows
 https://www.khanacademy.org/human
ities/ancient-art-civilizations/egyptart/new-kingdom/v/ancient-thebesunescotbs
Hypostyle Hall (*IS)
 Taller columns have
papyrus capitals; lower
have bud capitals
 Carved in sunken relief
(compare with bas
relief)
Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut
 Ca. 1473 – 1458 BCE
 Sandstone
 Near Luxor
 Coordinated with
natural setting
 Columns create
shadows that match
those of the cliff face
 First known
celebration of a
woman in art history
Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut (*IS)
Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut (*IS)
 Ca. 1473 – 1458 BCE
 Red granite
 Metropolitan Museum of Art
 One of 200 statues on complex
 Male pharoah attributes: beard
and kilt
 Body proportions indicate
femininity
C2F2
Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and Three
Daughters (*IS)  Ca. 1353 – 1335 BCE
 Limestone
 Akhenaton changed state
religion from Amun to
Aton, the sun
 Ankhs at ends of rays
point to king and queen
 An evolving art style
 Compare figures to
Menkaure and Queen,
Khafre, and Hatshepsut
Akhenaton (*CS) (1353-1335 BCE)
 Same idea as Old Kingdom,
but…..
New ideals….
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Same pose
Smoother, relaxed features on face
Curving contours vs. rigid lines
Slack lips and long face vs. the ideal
Heavy-lidded eyes vs. wide, all-seeing
Tight clothes; sagging waist vs. lean and ideal
Thin arms vs. elegantly toned
Amarna style
(http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/18549/
Amarna-style)
Tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin (*IS)
 C. 1323 BCE
 Gold, enamel, semi
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precious stones
Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Discovered by Howard
Carter in 1922
Mummified body of the
pharoah buried with 143
objects
Gold coffin; 6’7”
Son of Akhenaton
*Amarna period
Tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin (*IS)
 https://www.khanacade
my.org/test-prep/ap-arthistory/ancientmediterraneanAP/ancient-egyptap/a/tutankhamunstomb
 https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=7ZWB5aXMXQ
Last Judgment of Hu- Nefer (*IS)
(C2F2)
Last Judgment of Hu- Nefer (*IS)
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C. 1275 BCE
Painted papyrus scroll, some 70 feet long
British Museum, London
Illustration from The Book of the Dead- book of spells and
charms
The god of embalming, Annubis, has a jackal’s head. He leads
the deceased to have his soul weighed against a feather.
The hippopotamus/lion is there to eat the heart of any
condemned.
Note Thoth- stenographer; he invented hieroglyphics
Note Osiris- god of the Underworld sitting in judgment
*Marks the return to conservatism- Amarna style is dead.
Watching the Hippopotamus Hunt (*CS)
Notes:
 Closes out the Old Kingdom
 Funerary art for Ti- official, not
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royalty
Painted relief
Memorial to the deceased= hunt
is symbolic of fighting evil
Notice his size
Attempt at realism- nature
Papyrus symbolic of rebirth
Egyptian canon- strict
adherence to size (figures filled a
number of squares…)
Ends Egypt!
 AP MC- cold read and response; tracking success
 5 Task Writing Prompt