Transcript Egyptian Civilization

Drew Parker, Justin Prather, Meredith Rhodes,
Karla Urrutia, Cecilia Nguyen, Luke Hudson,
Clever

Class System:
Slaves and Farmers
Craftsmen
Scribes
Priests, Engineers, and
Doctors
◦ High Priests and Nobles
◦ Vizier
◦ Pharaoh
◦
◦
◦
◦





King Narmer was the first
Egyptian king who united the
lower and upper kingdoms of
Egypt to create the pharaohs
dynasty
Pharaohs were the rulers of
the kingdoms of Egypt
Hatshepsut was a women
pharaoh of the 18th dynasty
of ancient Egypt.
She was one of the most
successful pharaohs reigning
longer than any other women
of an indigenous Egyptian
Dynasty
The division of the provinces
were split between upper
Egypt and lower Egypt





The Egyptians were
polytheistic, which means
they believed in more then
one god
Ra is the sun god, also
known as the king of the
old kingdom
Anubis, Ra’s son, was god
of the underworld in the
old kingdom
Isis, married to her
brother Osiris, was also
known as the queen of the
old kingdom
Seth, the brother of Isis
and Osiris, was the god of
chaos


Chariots were an
advancement in
war technology
There were
simple man made
tools such as
mallets and
chisels that were
used to craft
pryamids.



The economy of ancient
Egypt was a command
economy, which means
the pharaohs dictated
the economic standings
Imports- Horses, cattle,
small live stock, lapis
lazuil, copper
Exports- Stone and
pottery vases, papyrus,
linen, lentils, dried fish





Hieroglyphics emerged as
artistic traditions
Modeled after Sumerian
script
The Egyptians formed
papyrus
The Rosetta Stone was a
famous example of
hieroglyphics which was
formed of hieroglyphics,
demotic, and Greek script
Scholars found hieroglyphics
to be a mystical form of
writing





The Old Kingdom, also known
as the pyramid age, reigned
from 2700 BCE and 2200 BCE
Old Kingdom capital chosen by
Narmer was Memphis
This period was when Narmer
united the upper and lower
kingdoms
The old Kingdom built the
great pyramid and the sphinx
Egypt was ruled by a strong
government in this period until
priests and other government
officials demanded more
power




Between 2100 BCE
and 1800 BCE
Developed a new
government where
the Pharaoh did not
have total power
Officials of the
government got their
way by working with
the Pharaoh
Egyptians of the time
had engineering
projects, irrigation,
and were building
ditches







Between 1570 BCE and 1080
BCE
Started out great
One of the greatest powers in
the world as this kingdom
Conquered many countries
around Nubia supplying Egypt
many treasures
Reached its highest point in
1400 BCE and the capital was
Thebes
Soon government officials had
power struggle, resulting in
breaking of Egypt into smaller
states
It created a weakness that
invaders took advantage of




Were built by villagers
who were under
Pharaoh supervisors
Estimated 20,000 to
30,000 workers
Took over 80 years to
build the pyramids of
Giza
Stones were
transported, polished,
and pushed up ramps
into positions



Architects ran ropes
from outer corners up to
plan summit to make
sure the stones were
positioned correctly
Priests chose pyramids
locations so they were
aligned to sacred
constellations
Dead pharaohs were put
into the completed
pyramids with all their
riches

Included:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
digging canals
building temples
Palaces
Monuments
Tombs
pyramids


Ancient law was
based on
common sense
of right and
wrong
Codes based on
the concept of
Ma’at (truth),
order, balance,
and justice in
the universe



Provided an endless source of fresh water,
fertile soil, and food
Flooding of the Nile deposited a rich layer of
fertile silt across the landscape
People dug irrigation ditches to carry valuable
waters out to their farms, making perfect
farming area


Divided by how
the Nile flows
Just a flowing river
Lower Nile
•More of the Nile
Deltas
•The end of
Northern Egypt
Goddesses




HathorLove
Nut-Mother
of the Sky
NephthysJustice
Goddesses
were the
protectors,
but when
angered
could
become
great
enemies
General
Women







Treated better
in Egypt then
in any other
civilization
Had the same
legal rights as
men
Head of the
house
Could take on
roles of power
Allowed to get
jobs
Own land
Right to say if
they wanted to
be married or
divorced
•Hyksos-
a group of semitic-asiatics
who settled in northern Egypt in the
18th century
•Introduced the chariot compound
bow
Military
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Who was the top of the
social ladder in Egypt?
Who united the lower
and upper kingdoms of
Egypt?
Ra was the King God of
what Kingdom?
What tools were used to
form the blocks of the
pyramids?
What gemstone did
Egypt import from
Afghanistan?
Question:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pharaoh
King Narmer of the old
Kingdom
The Old Kingdom
Picks and Mallets were
used to slowly chisel
out solid blocks of
stone
Lapis Lazuil
Answer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hieroglyphics, unlike
English were composed of
what?
The pyramids and
sphinxes were built in
which Kingdom of Egypt?
The Nile River valley was
great farmland do to what?
Laws in Egypt were based
on what?
The Hyksos introduced
what to the Egyptian Army?
Question:
1.
Symbols and pictures
2.
The old Kingdom
3.
4.
5.
The flooding of the Nile
which deposited fertile
silt upon
What was considered
right and wrong
Chariot, battles axes,
and fortification
techniques
Answer: