Transcript 2-2 PowerPoint

Ancient Egypt
Lesson 2
Pyramid of Khafre
Pyramid of Khufu
“The Great Pyramid”
Pyramid of Menkaure
Pyramids at Giza
Essential Questions
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Did Egyptian religion have an effect on
how they lived?
Is the Rosetta Stone important?
Vocabulary
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Pharaoh: Egyptian king – considered all powerful
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Deities: gods/goddesses
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Embalming: process developed to protect the
pharaoh’s body from decaying
Mummy: body wrapped in linen
Pyramid: gigantic structure built as a pharaoh’s
tomb.
Polytheism: the belief in many gods
Old Kingdom
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Old Kingdom – Period from about 2600 BC – 2200
BC
Pyramids were only built during the Old Kingdom.
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Memphis was the capital during the Old
Kingdom
Where did Elvis live?
Memphis, Tennessee
Egypt’s Religion
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Egyptians believed in many gods/goddesses (deities)
 Polytheistic– the belief in many gods
 They believed the gods controlled everything
 Re – main Egyptian god = sun god
 Isis – goddess who represents the loyal wife and mother &
ruled the underworld with her husband Osiris
 Hapi – ruled the Nile River
 Osiris – husband of Isis – ruled the underworld
Think-Pair-Share
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How do you think their religious beliefs
effected the ancient Egyptians’
behavior?
Pyramids
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Built as tombs for the pharaohs (They
were not palaces where the king lived)
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All entrances faced north
Farmers did most of the building during
the flood season.
Built without the use of the wheel or iron
tools
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Were meant to protect the pharaoh's body,
however, attracted robbers and all pyramids
were raided and robbed. This is why they
stopped building them after the Old
Kingdom.
The First Pyramid
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Imhotep, King Zoser’s chief advisor, designed the
first pyramid.
Step Pyramid: This was the first large stone structure
in the world. Became the inspiration for all future
pyramids.
The Step Pyramid of Zoser
Imhotep – Architect of the Step
Pyramid. So influential that he
was declared a god
The Great Pyramid of Khufu
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Built for King Khufu
Largest of all the pyramids (there are 118 pyramids
discovered so far)
Tallest building in the world for over 4,000 years
Only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still
standing
How were the pyramids built?
Modern Pyramids
Stockport Pyramid in Stockport,
UK
Walter Pyramid in Long Beach,
Cali.
Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, NV
Louvre Museum in Paris, France
More Egyptian Advancements
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365-day calendar with 12 months (basis for modern
calendar
Written numbers based on 10
Fractions
First to specialize in medicine.
THINK-PAIR-SHARE
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Have the ancient Egyptians influenced
us today? How?
Burial Process
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Egyptians believed that if the body decayed, the spirit would die.
In order to prevent this from happening, the body is “mummified”
Step 1 - Embalming
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The body is cleaned with good smelling oils and
water from the Nile
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The organs are removed. The heart is not removed because it
is the center of intelligence and is needed in the afterlife
The brain is removed and thrown away, its use was not known
to the Egyptians
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The body is covered and filled with natron (salt)
which dries the body out
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After 40 days, the body is cleaned and rubbed with
oils
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The dehydrated internal organs are wrapped in linen and
returned to the body. The body is stuffed with dry materials
such as sawdust, leaves and linen so that it looks lifelike
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early mummies, organs were not returned to the body, but keep in
canopic jars
Imsety the human-headed god looks after the liver.
Hapy the baboon-headed god looks after the lungs
Duamutef the jackal-headed god looks after the
stomach
Qebehsenuef the falcon-headed god looks after the intestines.
Step 2 - Wrapping
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The arms and legs are
wrapped separately.
Between the layers of
wrapping, the embalmers
place amulets to protect the
body in its journey through
the underworld.
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The arms and legs are
tied together. A papyrus
scroll with spells from the
Book of the Dead is
placed between the
wrapped hands.
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Finally, a large cloth is
wrapped around the
entire mummy.
The mummy is lowered
into its coffin. The first
coffin is then put inside a
second coffin
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It is finally place in the final sarcophagus and placed
in a tomb with the person’s favorite possessions. Why?
To have them in the afterlife
The Book of the Dead
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A papyrus scroll that
contained prayers, hymns,
and magic spells
 Was buried with a person
to help them get to the
afterlife
Sections from the Book of the Dead
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Weighing of the Souls
 After a person died, a god (Anubis) would weigh the person’s
soul against the “feather of truth”
 If the soul was heavy with sin (heavier than the feather), the
person would die a 2nd death with no afterlife. A soul that was
lighter would live a happy afterlife
Anubis weighing a persons heart (soul) against the “feather of truth”
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Some Egyptian
gods had the head
of an animal and
the body of a
human
Some Egyptian gods
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Amon (Amun)
Anubis
Bast
Geb
goose
Hathor
Sekmet
lioness
Horus
Heket
Tefnut
Thoth
Sebek
King of the Gods
God of Mummification
Goddess of Protection
Earth God
Head of a ram
Head of a jackal
Head of a cat
Head of a
Sky Goddess
Head of a cow
Goddess of war and battle
Head of a
God of the Egyptians
Goddess of childbirth
Goddess of the rain
God of wisdom
God of swift action
Head of a falcon
Head of frog
Head of lioness
Head of an ibis bird
Head of a crocodile
The Rosetta Stone
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Found, by accident, by
French soldiers who were
rebuilding a fort in Egypt in
1799.
Had three different
languages written on it:
Greek, hieroglyphics, and
a cursive form of Egyptian
writing
Decoded by Jean
Champollion who
compared the words in
Greek, which we knew, to
the hieroglyphics. Took
him 20 years!
Is this important??
Why/Why not?