Transcript Ancient Egypt

BELLWORK: Block 2
• For today’s bellwork, you will define important vocabulary
words that relate to the development of early civilizations.
1. Monarchy
2. Dynasty
3. Bureaucracy
4. Empire
5. Polytheism
6. THINKER: In your opinion, what was the biggest change or
shift that took place during the Neolithic Revolution? Explain!
Map Quiz Friday!!! Are you ready???
Ancient Egypt
• Our first civilization of study
is the earliest civilization in
history – Ancient Egypt.
• As early as 5000 B.C.,
people settled around the
Nile River.
• As time progressed,
Egyptians created their
own governments,
empires, culture, and
history.
The NILE RIVER , the longest river in the world (4,132 miles), flows north from the
heart of Africa to the Mediterranean Sea. Its flood plain was a magnet for life -- human,
plant and animal. Humans were drawn there because they could grow crops and settle
into permanent villages.
TRANSPORTATION: The Nile River was the highway that joined the country
together. Up until the nineteenth century, travel by land was virtually unknown.
For centuries, THE NILE RIVER FLOODED THE VALLEY, covering the land with a
thick layer of fertile soil. Flooding occurred from July to September and marked the
change of seasons. The Egyptians saw this as a blessing and it is still celebrated in
Egypt today!
Bounded on the south,
east and west by an
impenetrable desert,
and on the north by the
sea, ANCIENT EGYPT
was protected from
outside influences,
which allowed it to
evolve in its own
unique way.
Ancient Egypt
• You will now read more specifically about the
advances of Ancient Egypt. (Nile River Valley)
• While reading, you will complete “mind map”
notes!
• A mind map, or note web, is a strategy used to
organize notes in a visual way.
• Follow the guidelines on the board.
• Pages 30-34
BELLWORK: August 19th
1.
2.
3.
4.
Who was Narmer? Why was he important?
Why did Egypt go into a period of decline?
Who was Ramses II? Why was he important?
Explain the successes of Thutmose III during the
New Kingdom.
5. THINKER: List five aspects of Egyptian culture.
• When you are finished, you may study your Asia
map. We will take the quiz shortly!
The word HIEROGLYPH literally
means "sacred carvings". The
Egyptians first used hieroglyphs for
inscriptions carved or painted on
temple walls.
This form of PICTORIAL WRITING
was also used on:
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Tombs
Sheets of papyrus
Wooden boards covered with a
stucco wash
Pots
Fragments of limestone.
MATHEMATICS: Although the Egyptians lacked the symbol for zero, they
calculated numbers based on the DECIMAL and the repetitive (numbers
based on the POWER OF 10). The following signs were used to represent
numbers in the decimal system
1
10
100
1000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
Numbers were usually written LEFT TO RIGHT, starting with the highest
denominator. For example, in the number 2,525 the first number to appear
on the left would be 2000, then 500, 20 and 5, as follows:
The Egyptians did not develop abstract mathematical formulas. They used
the simple arithmetic of ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
ASTRONOMY: Like many ancient peoples, the Egyptians studied the night sky,
taking measurements from the stars to accurately align their pyramids and sun
temples with the earth’s four cardinal points.
The GREAT PYRAMID AT GIZA provides an example. This remarkable building has
a footprint of over 13 acres and consists of approximately 6.5 million limestone
blocks. Its four sides are accurately aligned to face north, east, south, and west, with
an error of less than half a degree. They are also virtually identical in length, with
less than a 20 cm (8 inch) variance between one side and another.
Egyptian
Architecture
• The ancient Egyptians built
their pyramids, tombs, temples
and palaces out of STONE, the
most durable of all building
materials.
• These building projects took a
high degree of architectural
and engineering skill, and the
organization of a large
workforce consisting of highly
trained craftsmen, laborers,
and peasants.
Ramp on pyramid
Stone block on sled
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GOVERNMENT and RELIGION were inseparable in ancient Egypt. The PHARAOH
was the head of State and the divine representative of the gods on earth.
Religion and government brought order to society through:
– The construction of TEMPLES
– The creation of LAWS
– TAXATION
– The ORGANIZATION OF LABOR
– TRADE with neighbors
– The DEFENCE of the country’s interests.
To reinforce their image as powerful divine rulers, the PHARAOHS
represented themselves in writings and sculptured reliefs on temple walls.
They often DEPICTED THEMSELVES AS WARRIORS who singlehandedly killed scores of enemies and slaughtered a whole pride of lions.
Narmer
Hatshepsut
Thutmose III
Ramses II
“Ramses the
Great”
Amenhotep IV
Entering a Temple
The ancient Egyptians believed in the RESURRECTION OF THE BODY and life everlasting.
This belief was rooted in what they observed each day.
The sun fell into the western horizon each evening and was reborn the next morning in the east.
New life sprouted from grains planted in the earth, and the moon waxed and waned.
As long as order was maintained, everything was highly dependable and life after death could
be achieved. But there were certain conditions.
For example, the body had to be preserved through MUMMIFICATION and given a properly
furnished tomb with everything needed for life in the afterworld.
Video Clips
• Quarry: A deep pit from which stones are
extracted/taken
• How were the pyramids built?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lotbZQ55
SgU
• How were corpses mummified?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nh1eTd2c4o
“Tomb of the Gods:” The Pyramids
of Giza
• We are now going to watch a video
on how the pyramids were made and
what they were used for.
• Follow along with the video and
answer all the questions on the board
in your notes.
Possibility instead of the mind map:
Jigsaw Readings
1. Egyptian Monarchy & Egyptian Empire
(pgs. 30-31)
2. Decline/Recovery, Daily life in Egypt &
Egyptian Religion (pgs. 31-32)
3. Writing with pictures, Achievements in
Science & Northeastern Kingdoms (pgs.
32-34)