Transcript The Kingdom of Egypt Nile

THE KINGDOM OF EGYPT
NILE
MAP OF EGYPT
I. THE GIFT OF THE NILE
• Nile = “highway” for travel
A. The Annual Flood
• The Nile begins south of Egypt in the highlands.
• Summer = heavy rains (flood season)
• Nile floods carry rich topsoil to Egypt each summer.
• The rain determined the richness of the soil.
• 2 important gods
• Hapi, the Nile god
• Khnemu, the flood god
B. Using Mathematics
• Used geometry to locate each farmer’s field
PG. 41 QUICK CHECK:
DESCRIBE THE SERIES OF EVENTS THAT
HAPPEN WHEN THE NILE RIVER
FLOODS.
• Heavy rains run off the highlands into the Nile. The
flood waters cover fields and villages.
II. DIVIDED HISTORY
• Egyptian history is divided into 3 time periods.
• Old Kingdom (c. 3100 to 2200 B.C.)
• Middle Kingdom (c. 2100 to 1700 B.C.)
• New Kingdom (c. 1500 to 1000 B.C.)
A. The Pharaoh’s Rule
• The first pharaoh was called Menes.
• United Lower and Upper Egypt
• Pharaoh means “great house” or “palace”.
• Old Kingdom ended
weak rulers
B. THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
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New rulers from the same family
Egypt became an empire.
Ended with new technology
Hyksos
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Group of people from Western Asia
Had horses and chariots
Better bows and arrows and battle axes
Took over Egypt around 1650 B.C.
C. The New Kingdom
• Pharaoh Ahmose I and his army defeated the Hyksos.
• Ruled the large empire, including the Fertile Crescent
D. Unusual Rulers
• Hatshepsut
• Ruled in 1503 B.C.
• First female pharaoh
• Egypt was peaceful and grew rich from trade.
• Amenhotep IV
• Worshipped only one god called Aten
• Changed his name to Akhenaton to honor Aten
• Hated by priests and followers of many gods
• Ramses II
• Ruled for 67 years
• Moved the capital back to the Nile Delta
• Built rock temple at Abu Simbel in Upper Egypt
PG. 43 QUICK CHECK
WHAT EFFECT DID NEW WEAPON
TECHNOLOGY HAVE ON THE MIDDLE
KINGDOM?
• New technology helped the Hyksos conquer the
middle kingdom of Egypt.
III. WRITING WITH PICTURES
• Hieroglyphics
• Pictures or symbols that represent sounds, ideas, or objects
• Located on walls and monuments
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The scribes controlled this writing system.
Egyptians called it “the words of god”
The scribes taught hieroglyphics to students.
Boys started school at 10.
Paper = papyrus
• Plant - grows along the Nile
A. BREAKING THE CODE
• 2 centuries ago, a Frenchmen discovered how to
read hieroglyphics.
• Learned a great deal of information about daily life in Egypt
PG. 45 QUICK CHECK
HOW ARE HIEROGLYPHICS LIKE AND
UNLIKE THE ALPHABET USED IN
ENGLISH?
• Both are symbol systems, but the English alphabet
represents letters, and hieroglyphics use pictures to
represent ideas, sounds, or objects.