Transcript The Rulers of Egypt - Manasquan Public Schools

The Rulers of Egypt
Chapter 3 Section 2

Pharaoh:
◦ The Title used by the King of Egypt.
◦ Word refers to the “Great Place”.
Egypt’s fortune rested on the strength
of its pharaohs.
 Men were usually appointed as
Pharaoh.
 Women have made their appearance
on the throne
 Hatshepsut is an example of a
powerful woman Pharaoh.

Egyptian Kingship
 Dynasty:
◦ Is a series of rulers from the
same family or ethnic group.
 Egypt had 31 dynasties rule
its lands.
 Broken up into 3 time
periods.
◦ Old Kingdom:
◦ Middle Kingdom:
◦ New Kingdom:
From Dynasty to Dynasty…
 1st Dynasty:
◦ King Menes was King of Upper Egypt.
◦ Armies conquered Lower Egypt.
◦ King Menes united Upper and Lower
Egypt.
◦ Unification:
 Joining of separate parts into one.
◦ When united they were called the
“TWO LANDS”
◦ Built city Memphis (present day Cairo).
 Became Capital of Egypt.
 Located in Lower Egypt.
Egypt is Unified
◦Pharaoh named
Narmer wore two
crowns together:
 Red Crown: Lower Egypt.
 White Crown: Upper Egypt.
◦Many say Menes and
Narmer were the same
person.
Egypt Is Unified…Cont….

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Absolute Power:
◦ Complete Control over their people.
Had Advisors:
◦ To help them make important decisions.
Would Pray to Ma’at (Goddess of truth) for
answers.
Whatever his decision was became Law
throughout Egypt
Example: He would decide when the fields
would be planted.
All Powerful Pharaohs…

Egyptians believed:
◦ Pharaohs were earthy form of
“Horus” (Falcon God)
 In time they were connected with
other gods:
◦ Sun God: Re
 They were God Kings
 They provided the Egyptians with the
Nile’s yearly floods and Harvests.
All Powerful
Pharaohs…continued..
Who was
Menes and
what did he
accomplish?
• Menes was the first
leader of Egypt’s
first dynasty. He
united Upper and
Lower Egypt.
Checking for Understanding…

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Known for its well-run system of Government.
Peace and trade was kept with Nubia.
Merchants sailed the Eastern coast of the
Mediterranean.
◦ Brought back Timber.
◦ Used to build:
 Houses
 Boats
 Furniture
The downfall:
◦ Governors began to speak out against the
Pharaohs’ power.
◦ Unity began to crumble.
The Old Kingdom… (2686-2125)

Order was restored from the Old Kingdom.

Empire Expands into Lower Nubia.

Pharaohs spent the nations wealth on improving:
the towns and cities with their public works,
rather then on wars.
◦ Constructed new buildings.
◦ New Irrigation projects began.
• But with weak rulers:
◦ Literature and Art flourish.
Eventually taken over by foreign
◦ Egypt grew richer.
invaders.
The Middle Kingdom. (2055-1650)
 Egyptian Princes drove out the
invaders.
 Built an Empire:
◦ Created Huge Armies of:
Foot soldiers.
Mounted Warriors.
Charioteers.
 Bronze swords and Body
armor made them unstoppable.
The New Kingdom. (1550-1069)

Famous Pharaoh:
◦ King Tutankhamen:
◦ Became ruler as a child.
◦ Died at the age of 18.
◦ Discovered in 1922.
◦ All his buried treasures
taught people a great
deal about the
Egyptians.
The New Kingdom. (15501069)..Cont..
 What
characterized
each of the
three
kingdoms?
• Old Kingdom:
• Peace and trade with
Nubia.
• Pharaoh was
overthrown by the
government.
• Middle Kingdom:
• Construction of
buildings and
irrigation projects.
• Invaded by outside
forces.
• New Kingdom:
• Marked by the building
of its vast army.
• Creation of Armor and
Weaponry.
Checking for Understanding…
 Regent:
◦ Someone who rules for a
child until the child is old
enough.
 Thutmose III:
◦ took control of the kingdom.
◦ Was too young.
◦ His Stepmother
“Hatshepsut” was appointed
regent.
The Pharaoh Queen….
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
Known for her good leadership.
Time a great Peace and Economic
success.
 Encouraged trade with faraway
places.
 Famous expedition
◦ To the land of Punt.
◦ Located on the East Coast of
Africa.
 Merchants brought back many goods.
◦ Special trees
 Used to make incense.
 A substance burned for its
fragrance.
The Pharaoh Queen….
 Hatshepsut refused to give up
control when Thutmose
became of age to rule.
 She ruled until her death.
 Thutmose then became the
Pharaoh.
 He destroyed all her statues.
 No one is sure if Thutmose
played a part in her death……
The Pharaoh Queen…. Cont…

Became greatest Pharaoh of
the New Kingdom.
 Armies defeated Syria and
Phoenicia in Southwest Asia.
 Reached as far:
◦ East of the Euphrates River.
◦ South into Nubia.

Was an educated man:
◦ Studied plants.
◦ People he conquered he showed
mercy.
Thutmose III Rules…
 Egypt declines:
◦ Civil War breaks out.
◦ Made them weak and
poorly defended.
 332 B.C.
◦ Conquered by Alexander
the Great of Macedonia.
◦ The Macedonian’s ruled
Egypt for over 300 years.
Ancient Egypt after the New
Kingdom….

51 B.C.
◦ Queen Cleopatra VII ruled
Egypt.
◦ Last Macedonian to rule Egypt.
 31 B.C.
◦ conquered by the Roman
Empire.
◦ She committed suicide before
the Romans found her.
 Egypt would not govern itself for
again for almost 2,000 years
Ancient Egypt after the New
Kingdom….Continued…
What
caused
the decline of
Egypt during
the New
Kingdom
Period?
• Civil War
in Egypt
left the
country
weak and
poorly
defended.
Checking for Understanding…