Transcript 1 - Egypt Overview

Egypt
http://www.hdwalle.com/2012/11/egypt.html
AIM: What were the accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians?
Review
• What were the 8 basic characteristics of civilization?
• Food surplus = specialization + large labour supply = ability to
create huge work projects + $$$
Ancient Egypt
3200-500 BCE
I. Location
1. North Africa
2. Natural barriers: Mediterranean Sea, Sahara Desert, Red
Sea
A. Result = less prone to invasion.
II. Nile River
1. World’s longest river (4000 miles)
2. “Gift of the Nile”  annual flooding that deposits rich soil.
3. Benefits
A. Easy communication.
B. Transportation.
C. Ample water supply.
Where in the World…?
Look at this map carefully.
How large a role did trade
play in Egyptian society?
How large a role did
Egyptians play in the
development of other
civilizations?
Using the maps in the
room, complete the blank
map (provided).
Transportation
 Northbound boats drifted
 Southbound boats used sails
Irrigation
 Dug ditches to access water
Worship
 Predictability gave comfort
 Belief in kind gods reflects
the river
Watch Gift of the Nile
Students work through question sheets.
Pyramids
The pyramids were built from LIMESTONE.
The Great Pyramid, built for
Pharaoh Khufu, contains over 2
million limestone blocks, each
weighing roughly 2 ½ tons!
As the pyramids
still stand today it
is easy to see the
ancient Egyptians
knowledge in
mathematics &
geometry.
The diagram below shows the outside of the Great Pyramid.
The pyramids in front of the
Great Pyramid were built for
the Pharaoh’s Queens.
A temple was built in front of the
Great Pyramid to allow daily rituals,
and where offerings were left.
The buildings surrounding the
pyramid are called Mastabas, which
were tombs that held nobles.
The inside of the pyramid contained many
different areas.
• Air Shafts
• King’s Chamber
• Other Chambers
• Grand Gallery
• Queen’s Chamber
• Underground Chamber
The Great Sphinx
The Great Sphinx is a large
human-headed lion that was
carved from a mound of natural
rock. It is located in Giza where it
guards the front of Khafra’s
pyramid.
Legends have been told for many
years about the Great Sphinx.
These stories tell about the powers
& mysteries of the Sphinx. Some
people believe that there are
hidden passageways or rooms
underneath, but nothing has been
found…. yet!
Watch Intro to Egypt
Focus on:
• What innovations
were necessary for
the pyramids to be
built?
• What technologies
did the Egyptians
have at an early
age?
Hieroglyphics
The earliest form of writing in Egypt were
pictographs, like the one you see below. Each
picture stood for an idea. For example a
picture of a bird would mean bird.
As time past, the scribes needed to find an easier way of writing. As a
result, a newer form of hieroglyphics was formed.
Another innovation came
overtime. Papyrus, a paperlike material was developed.
Now scribes could write on
a more compact surface,
instead of stone or clay.
As the Egyptian civilization declined, any chance of deciphering
hieroglyphics was lost….
… That is until the Rosetta Stone
was discovered in 1799.
The Rosetta Stone contained a
message in 3 different languages:
•Hieroglyphics
•Hieroglyphics (in a simpler form)
•Greek
Finally, in 1822 the stone was deciphered!!
King Tut’s Golden Cartouche
Are hieroglyphics still a useful way to express
meaning? (consider the following: CUL8R,
U, LOL,
, etc.)
Watch Gift of the Nile Part 2.
Create an Egyptian cartouche of your own
name using the hieroglyphs on the handout
(provided). Use the matching hieroglyphs in
place of the letters you would use in English.
Once you have the hieroglyphs drawn, colour
your cartouche to make it look as nice as the
Egyptians would have.
Mummification
The third and innermost gold coffin
of Tutankhamun (King Tut).
Mummification: Process of embalming & drying corpses to prevent
them from decaying.
Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife.
They mummified the body so the soul could
continue to live in their afterlife.
Anubis was the god who
watched over the process
of mummifying people
when they died.
After the embalming
procedure, the mummy’s
internal organs were
placed in these clay
Canopic jars.
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Egyptian Gods
As you know, the ancient Egyptians practiced
a polytheistic, animistic religion. Here are
some of the key gods of the Egyptian religion.
Notice their animalistic qualities. Next to
each god you will see their name, and what
they are a god of.
Ra – the sun god.
He was the most
important god of the
ancient Egyptians.
Isis – the protective
goddess. She used
powerful magic to help
people in need.
Anubis – the
god of embalming
and the dead.
Osiris – god of the
dead, and ruler of
the underworld.
Seth – the god of chaos.
Atum – the creator god.
Believed to be the first
god to exist.
Sekhmet – goddess of
war.
Horus – god of the
sky. Protector of the
pharaoh.
Read at least two Egyptian short stories.
Assignment:
The Ancient Egyptians used their gods to teach lessons to the
people. Create a story using some of the Egyptians gods &
goddesses we discussed today that teaches a lesson.
The Three Kingdoms
Old Kingdom (2660-2180 B.C.E)
 Religion – pharaoh’s were gods!
 Pharaoh’s ruled even after death
 Decorated walls of burial chamber to
please him
 Pyramids!
Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 B.C.E)
 Capital moved from Memphis to Thebes
 Trade expanded
 New religious beliefs
New Kingdom (1570-1075 B.C.E)
 Wealthier and fancier
 Empire building
 Great buildings
Egyptian Social Order
Choose someone in Ancient Egyptian society
(pharaoh, slave, etc.). See the information posted
around the room. For that person describe hour
by hour what their day would consist of. (Ex. For
a noble, at 7am  wake up; 8am  have my
servants bring me breakfast; etc…)