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Egypt!! By:Makayla Kubisiak 9/29/08 Hour 6 The Nile River • • • • The Nile river is one of the largest rivers in the world! The river runs straight through Egypt They use it for many different things like, fishing, water to drink, transportation, to trade and many more things It also helps when it floods because it irrigates the land and crops The Nile Delta • • • • • The Nile Delta is the the delta that flows into the Mediterranean sea A delta is the end of a river The Nile Delta is important to the Egyptians because they could use it to enter the Mediterranean sea 16 different cities are located near the Nile Delta It is located in lower Egypt QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Farming • • • • • • They grew wheat, barley, vegetables, figs, melons, pomegranates and vines The most important crop was grain, they used it to make bread, porridge and beer Grain was the first crop they grew after inundation(flooding season) Once the grain was harvested they grew onions, leeks, cabbages, beans, cucumbers and lettuce Farmers planted fruit trees along the paths to give shade and provide fruit They grew their crops along the banks of the Nile on kempt which was rich black soil Mining • • • • • Mining in Egypt is very abundant because there are 15 different kinds of stones It includes 48 million tons of tantalite 50 million tons of coal 6.7million ounces of gold in the desert Gold mining goes back 1160 BC Quarries • • • • The Egyptians quarried many different stones Some of the most common are limestone, sandstone, and granite They used the stone to make statues, build temples, and make pyramids Most quarries are located near water because it helps the rock get stronger. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Building results from quarries • • The great pyramids of Giza would not exist today but it does because it is made from quarried limestone and granite. If they did not have quarries they would probably not have great pyramids, grand temples, exquisite statuary or glorious jewelry Papyrus • • • • • Papyrus is made from a plant called cyperus papyrus This plant grew along the banks of the Nile river Papyrus got its name from the plant This plant was also used to make boats, ropes, and baskets These are the steps to make papyrus paper- • • • - The stalks of the papyrus plant are harvested. - Next, the green skin of the stalk is removed and the inner pith is taken out and cut into long strips. The strips are then pounded and soaked in water for 3 days until pliable. -The strips are then cut to the length desired and laid horizontally on a cotton sheet overlapping about 1 millimeter. Other strips are laid vertically over the horizontal strips resulting in the criss-cross pattern in papyrus paper. Another cotton sheet is placed on top. - The sheet is put in a press and squeezed together, with the cotton sheets being replaced until all the moisture is removed. - Finally, all the strips are pressed together forming a single sheet of papyrus paper. • It also lasts longer than paper • • Gold • • • • • • Most of the gold mines are between the Red sea and the Nile river 3/4 of Egypt's jewelry is made from gold There are 6 gold mines in Egypt but gold is found out of the gold mines also Egyptians believed that gold was a divine and indestructible metal associated with the sun During the Old Kingdom the pharaoh was called "the Golden Horus", and the skin of gods was believed to be golden Over one hundred ancient gold quarries have been discovered in Egypt Deserts • These are some of the animals that lived there: cattle, Cobra, Crocodile, Falcon / Hawk, Frog, Goose, Heron, Hippopotamus, Ibis, Jackal, Ostrich, Pig, Ram, Scarab Beetle, Scorpion, Snake, Turtle and Vulture • The people did not die from the heat because most of the houses were built on the banks of the Nile River The Red Sea • • • • The Red Sea is a saltwater inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. the Red Sea has a surface area of about 438,000 km It is roughly 2250 km (1398 miles) long and, at its widest point at 355 km (220.6 miles) wide It has a maximum depth of 2211 m (7254 ft) in the central median trench and an average depth of 490 m (1,608 feet ) The Mediterranean • • • • It covers an approximate area of 2.5 million km extreme length: 3,860 km/2,400 mi; area 2,966,000 sq km/1,145,000 sq mi. Generally shallow, with an average depth of 1500 m, it reaches a maximum depth of 5150 m off the southern coast of Greece. The Mediterranean Sea is almost completely closed in by land Additional Information • • The Great Sphinx of Giza is a half-human, half-lion sphinx statue in Egypt, on the Giza Plateau at the west bank of the Nile river, near modern-day Cairo The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops, is the oldest and largest pyramids The End • I hope you liked my tour into Egypt.Thanks for watching!