Chapter 2 / Section 3 - Ms-Jernigans-SS
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Transcript Chapter 2 / Section 3 - Ms-Jernigans-SS
Egypt –vs- Mesopotamia
Using a circle graph, compare the
Mesopotamia civilization to Egyptian. Try
to have ten in each segment.
See example on the board
Chapter 2 / Section 3
The Egyptian Empire
The Middle Kingdoms (pgs. 59-67)
About 2300 B.C., pharaohs lost control of
Egypt due to nobles fighting over power.
Finally, a new dynasty of pharaohs came to
power and moved the capital south, from
Memphis to Thebes (theebz).
This began the Middle Kingdom which lasted
from about 2050 B.C. to 1670 B.C. and was a
time of stability, prosperity, and
achievement.
Drive For More Land
Egypt took control of other lands.
- captured Nubia to the south
- attacked what is now Syria
Forced conquered people to send tribute,
forced payments.
Pharaohs added:
- more waterways and dams
- increased amount of farmed land
- built canal between Nile River and Red Sea
The Arts Blossom
During the Middle Kingdom, arts, literature, and
architecture thrived.
- painting
- sculpting
- poetry
- song
A new form of architecture emerged. Instead of
building pyramids, pharaohs had their tombs cut
into cliffs – Valley of the Kings
End of Middle Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom came to an end in 1670
B.C. when the Hyksos (hihk*sahs), from
western Asia, conquered Egypt.
Hyksos ruled Egypt for about 150 years.
The New Kingdom (pgs. 61-62)
Around 1550 B.C., an Egyptian prince
named Ahmose (ahm*ohs) drove Hyksos out of
Egypt.
Ahmose’s reign began the period known as the
New Kingdom, 1550 B.C. to about 1080
B.C.
During the New Kingdom, Egypt was at the
height of its glory and grew richer and more
powerful.
A Woman Ruler
About 1473 B.C., a queen named Hatshepsut
(hat*SHEHP*soot) came to power in Egypt.
First woman to rule Egypt.
Hatshepsut was more interested in trade than
conquest. Trade journeys brought great wealth
to Egypt.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9jmZiy_T-c&feature=related
Thutmose III
Thutmose III (thoot*moh*suh) became pharaoh
after Hatshepsut’s death.
Under Thutmose’s reign:
* aggressive wars of conquest
* empire grew rich from trade and tribute
*enslaved many prisoners of war
The Legacies of Two Pharaohs (pgs. 64 & 65)
About 1370 B.C., Amenhotep IV (ah*muhn*hoh*tehp) came to
the throne.
Helped by his wife, Nefertiti (nehf*uhr*teet*ee).
Amenhotep thought priests had too much power so introduced
new monotheistic (belief in one god) religion – Aton (ah*tuhn)
Most Egyptians refused to accept new religion.
Changed his name to Akhenaton (ahk*nah*tuhn).
Akhenaton neglected his duties as pharaoh and Egypt’s empire
greatly diminished.
The Boy King
Tutankhamen (too*tang*kah*muhn), better known as
King Tut, inherited the throne when Akhenaton died.
The new pharaoh was only about 9 years old and only
ruled for 9 years before dying unexpectedly (suffered
a fall or murdered?).
Became most famous of all pharaohs after a
British archaeologist found his tomb in 1922.
The tomb had not been looted or robbed and
contained incredible treasures, including a brilliant gold
mask of the young pharaoh’s face.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3F4dEEQ
OzE&feature=related
The End of the New Kingdom (pgs. 65-67)
Ramses II (ram*seez) was one of the most
effective pharaohs of the New Kingdom.
He reigned for 66 years, from 1279 B.C. to
1213 B.C.
Under Ramses II, Egyptians regained lands in
western Asia and many temples were built.
The most magnificent was Karnak at Thebes.
Egypt’s Decline and Fall
After Ramses II, Egypt’s power began to
decline.
By 1150 B.C., the Egyptians had lost their
empire and controlled only the Nile delta.
Beginning in the 900s B.C., Egypt was ruled
by:
- Libyans
- Kush (760 B.C.)
- Assyrians (670 B.C.)